BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

IDR. KAREN ILEDAN- ABRERA

 Floor
The level, base surface of a room or hall upon which
one stands or walks

Wood Concrete Steel

 WOOD FLOOR SYSTEM

Floor Framing

• The act, process, or manner of

constructing the structural frame of a
floor

Joist

• Any of a series of small, parallel beams

for supporting floors, ceilings, or flat
roofs

Wood Joist System

• Uses small parallel beams called JOISTS

to support the floor surface
• The joists are supported by beams Rim joist/ header Joists Bridging
 REINFORCED CONCRETE SLABS
Suspended Slabs Slab on grade
• Slabs supported independently • Slabs that rest directly on a slab
of the ground by walls, grade bed consisting of undistributed
beams, or piles soil, compacted fill, or a base
course
SUSPENDED SLABS

One way slab Two way slabs

Solid slabs Flat plate slabs

Joist Slab/
Waffle slabs
Ribbed Slabs
ONE WAY SOLID SLAB

• Consists of a solid slab

supported by two parallel
beams

• The reinforcement of the

slab runs in one direction
only
ONE WAY JOIST SLAB OR RIBBED SLAB

• When the open spaces

between the webs or rings
are filled with clay tile,
gypsum tile, concrete filler
block or steel forms, the
floor system is called a
ribbed slab
TWO WAY SLABS

• When a floor panel is

square it is generally
economical to use two sets
of reinforcing bars placed
at right angles to each
other

• These bars in two

directions transfer the
loads to the four
supporting beams or walls
TWO WAY FLAT PLATE SLAB

• A flat plate is a concrete

slab of uniform thickness
reinforced in two or more
directions and supported
directly by columns
without beams
WAFFLE SLABS

Two way concrete slab reinforced by ribs in two directions

SLAB ON GRADE

• Concrete slab placed over a

dense or compacted base and
supported directly by the ground

• Concrete slabs on grade require

support of a level, stable,
uniformly dense or properly
compacted soil base
 STEEL FLOOR SYSTEM

• Commonly seen in
composite construction in
the form of metal decking

Decking- self supporting

units of wood, metal or
concrete capable of spanning
beams, joists, rafters or
purlins and serving as base
for flooring or roofing
METAL DECKING

• Corrugated steel panels

used as a working platform
during construction and
eventually as formwork for
sitecast concrete slab
STEEL FLOOR SURFACES

Metal Plates Checkered Plates Expanded Metal Perforated Metal

 WALLS

Any of various upright construction presenting a continuous surface

and serving to enclose, divide, or protect an area

Bearing Wall Non Bearing Wall

• A wall capable of supporting • A wall supporting no load other

loads from floors or roof of a that its own weight
building
WALL SYSTEMS

Exterior Walls Interior Walls

• Forms part of the envelope of the building with • Any wall within the building
one side exposed to the weather • Can be referred to as partitions
WALL SYSTEMS

Wood Stud Wall Masonry wall

System system

Light Gauge Steel

WOOD STUD WALL SYSTEM

Stud Wall/ Stud Partition

• A wall or partition framed with
studs and faced with sheathing,
siding, wallboard, or plasterwork
Stud Cripple
• An upright post or • Any framing member that
support, especially one of is shorter than usual, as a
a series of vertical stud above a door opening
structural members which or below a window sill
act as the supporting
elements in a wall or Sole plate
partition
• The bottom horizontal
Top plate member of a framed wall
upon which a row of studs
• The uppermost is erected
horizontal member of a
framed wall on which
joists rest
Siding- A weatherproof material, as shingles, wood boards, or units of sheet metal, used for surfacing the walls

Sheathing- A rough covering of boards, plywood, or other panel materials applied to a frame structure to
serve as a base for siding, flooring, and the like
MASONRY WALL SYSTEM

Consist of modular building blocks bonded

together with mortar

Bed
• The horizontal surfaces on which the
stones or bricks or walls lie in the courses

Course
• A continuous layer of bricks, stones, or
other masonry units
MASONRY WALL SYSTEM

Most common types of masonry units:

• Bricks
• Concrete blocks/ CHB
Bricks

• Masonry units that can be made

from clay, lime-and-sand, concrete,
or shaped stone. Sometimes made
out of dried earth.

• The manufacture of brick consists

essentially of screening, grinding, or
working the clay to the desired
consistency for moulding, whether
by hand or machine
Concrete Blocks

• A hollow or solid concrete

masonry unit consisting of Portland
cement and suitable aggregates
combined with water
Lintel
• A horizontal structural
member over an
opening which carries
the weight of the wall
above it
MORTARS AND PLASTERS

• A proportioned mixture of siliceous materials (aggregates) and cement

• Prepared in a plastic state with water and hardens into a stone like mass

Mortar Plaster

• Is a cement mix used to • Is mortar applied to wall

glue masonry units to surfaces as a preparation
each other, or other or a hard finish coat
surface finishing materials
like tiles, stones, etc to a
receiving structure like a
wall or floor
PLASTERS

Plastering is done according to two basic methods:

Three coat
• A first binding coat called scratch coat
• A second straightening coat called brown coat
• A final coat call the finish coat

Two Coat
• Combined scratch coat and brown coat is applied
• Finish coat is applied
LIGHT GAUGE STEEL WALL

Light gauge steel wall systems are

framed the same way as wood wall
stud system but uses light gauge steel
studs instead of wood