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    LEARNIAS MKONDO
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    The Pharisees, Sadducees, and Essenes were three major Jewish sects that existed during the Second Temple period in ancient Israel. [1] The Pharisees were common people who advocated for social justice and taught the oral traditions alongside the written Torah. [2] The Sadducees were made up of priests and aristocrats who believed only in a literal interpretation of the Torah and denied concepts like the afterlife. [3] The Essenes lived isolated communal lives of ritual purity and believed in predestination, writing many scriptures that were preserved at Qumran in the Dead Sea Scrolls.

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    The Pharisees, Sadducees, and Essenes were three major Jewish sects that existed during the Second Temple period in ancient Israel. [1] The Pharisees were common people who advocated for social justice and taught the oral traditions alongside the written Torah. [2] The Sadducees were made up of priests and aristocrats who believed only in a literal interpretation of the Torah and denied concepts like the afterlife. [3] The Essenes lived isolated communal lives of ritual purity and believed in predestination, writing many scriptures that were preserved at Qumran in the Dead Sea Scrolls.

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    7 views2 pages

    Morganphariseesmatrix 230327 195456

    Uploaded by

    LEARNIAS MKONDO
    The Pharisees, Sadducees, and Essenes were three major Jewish sects that existed during the Second Temple period in ancient Israel. [1] The Pharisees were common people who advocated for social justice and taught the oral traditions alongside the written Torah. [2] The Sadducees were made up of priests and aristocrats who believed only in a literal interpretation of the Torah and denied concepts like the afterlife. [3] The Essenes lived isolated communal lives of ritual purity and believed in predestination, writing many scriptures that were preserved at Qumran in the Dead Sea Scrolls.

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    Pharisees, Sadducees, and Essenes

    Characteristic Pharisees Sadducees Essenes


    (a) Hebrew word meaning “separate”; (a) Hebrew word tsadiq, meaning Possibly derived from an Aramaic
    Possible Origin of Name or (b) Hebrew word meaning “holy”; or (b) the name “Zadok”, the word for “pious”.
    “specifier”. Aaronic priest who anointed Solomon,
    which led to the Jewish desire that the
    High Priest be of the family of Zadok.
    Around 150 - 140 BC during the Around 150 - 140 BC during the Around 170 or 160 BC, founded by an
    Timeframe When Sect Appears Hasmonean dynasty. Hasmonean dynasty. (Same enigmatic figure called the “Teacher of
    timeframe as Pharisees.) Righteousness”.
    Pharisees were common people, but Sadducees advocated an ironclad link Their isolationist lifestyle precluded an
    knowledgeable. Taught in the between Judaism and the temple. active role in then-contemporary
    synagogues and interpreted the Torah They oversee the sacrifices and Judaism. They very likely copied and
    Role in Judaism and the oral traditions. Well-liked by maintenance of the temple. During preserved scrolls that were deemed
    the common people. Advocated for most of the intertestamental period scripture; as well as scrolls that
    social justice. they make up the majority of the defined the rules that governed their
    By the first century AD, Pharisees Sanhedrin. High Priest is usually a lifestyle and beliefs.
    became mired in the minutia and letter Sadducee. Minimal intermingling with outsiders.
    of Mosaic Law, rather than its intent.
    - Strict adherence to the Torah; oral - Ritual purity.
    - Oral law and traditions were sacred teachings were noted but not sacred. - Hierarchical system of angels.
    along with the Torah. - A person’s circumstances in this - The soul lives in a bodiless eternity
    Beliefs - Literal resurrection of the dead. world are what that person has earned and is temporarily entombed in a
    - Immortality of the soul. in the eyes of God. worldly body.
    - Reward and punishment after death. - The soul dies when the body dies; no - No animal sacrifices.
    - Angels are real. afterlife. - No accumulation of wealth.
    - Temple was good; but sacredness - No reward or punishment after death. - No slavery.
    could also be found in the home. - Angels do not exist. - With proper purification, God will help
    - No temple, no Judaism. the Jews overthrow the pagans.
    Free will; but God knows the outcome Free will. God is in charge, but God
    God’s Role & Free Will and can opt to intercede. does not have knowledge of the Predestination.
    outcome.
    Social Class Common people. Priests and aristocrats. Unknown.

    Attitude toward Hellenism Selective; favored some practices, Favored. Opposed.


    opposed others.
    Vanished after the Jewish Revolt of 67
    Today Today’s rabbis. Vanished within 10 years of the AD; but some Essene churches have
    destruction of the temple in 70 AD. started up since discovery of the Dead
    Sea Scrolls.

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