TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

938 AURORA BOULEVARD CUBAO, QUEZON CITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE, AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5

ALTERNATIVE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS

SUBMITTED BY: MAGSINO, AIVAN DAVE D.

SUBMITTED TO: ARCH. BERNABE, LAZARTE

WHAT IS AN ALTERNATIVE BUILDING MATERIAL?

ALTERNATE BUILDING MATERIALS ARE THOSE WHICH CAN BE USED ECONOMICALLY BY REPLACING THE
CONVENTIONAL BUILDING MATERIALS. ALTERNATE BUILDING MATERIALS ARE MADE FROM WASTE
PRODUCTS AND THUS IT EVEN MINIMIZES ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTIONS.

LIST OF DIFF. ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS USE IN BUILDINGS:

1. CRUMB RUBBER

MANUFACTURERS: RUBBER TRADE PHILIPPINES, INC.

PRODUCING CRUMB RUBBER IS A WAY OF RECYCLING USED TIRES THAT WOULD HAVE OTHERWISE
ENDED UP IN LANDFILLS. COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS OF CRUMB RUBBER INCLUDE: FOUNDATION
WATERPROOFING, RUBBERIZED ASPHALT, AND INFILL FOR ARTIFICIAL TURF FIELDS AND PLAYGROUNDS

CRUMB - SCRAP TIRES ARE SHREDDED

CRUMB RUBBER IS ADDED TO ASPHALT IS CALLED CRMA (CRUMB RUBBER MODIFIED ASPHALT.)

INSTALLATION: BY BLENDING GROUND-UP RECYCLED TIRES WITH ASPHALT TO PRODUCE A BINDER

WHICH IS THEN MIXED WITH CONVENTIONAL AGGREGATE MATERIALS. THIS MIX IS THEN PLACED AND
COMPACTED INTO A ROAD SURFACE.

ADVANTAGE: HELPS IN NOISE REDUCTION, REDUCES SKID.

2. MUD BLOCKS

DEVELOPED BY: INSWAREB BUILDING CENTRE

THESE ARE MUCH STRONGER WITH LESS WATER ABSORPTION AND CHEAPER THAN CEMENT STABILIZED
BLOCKS. WITH 5 TO 10 PERCENT FAL-G, 30 PERCENT SAVING IN CEMENT COULD BE ACHIEVED IN
ADDITION TO THE UTILIZATION OF THE WASTE PRODUCT LIKE FLY ASH. THESE BLOCKS COULD BE
MANUFACTURED AT THE VILLAGE LEVEL. MOST SUITABLE WHERE WELL-BURNT CLAY BRICKS ARE NOT
AVAILABLE.

INSTALLATION: YOU SHOULD LET THE BLOCKS DRY FOR UP TO 4 WEEKS BEFORE USING THEM TO AVOID
ANY CRUMBLING OR FLAKING PROBLEMS. SUN-DRIED BLOCKS CAN LAST FOR UP TO 30 YEARS BEFORE
CRACKING, BUT YOU CAN EXTEND THEIR DURABILITY BY FIRING THEM IN A KILN

ADVANTAGES: LOW COST, GOOD RESISTANT TO FIRE, GOOD TEMPERATURE INSULATION, GOOD SOUND-
PROOFING, BEING A NATURAL RESOURCE THAT IS READILY AVAILABLE FROM EARTH.

3. FLYASH-LIME-GYPSUM (BRICKS) PRODUCTS:

MANUFACTURED BY: GPB BUILDERS AND TRADING SOLUTIONS

MANUFACTURED BY BLENDING FLY ASH, LIME, AND CALCINED GYPSUM (FROM A BY-PRODUCT OF
PHOSPHOGYPSUM OR NATURAL GYPSUM) FOR MAKING A USEFUL PRODUCT, NAMED FAL-G, AND CAN
BE USED AS A CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL FOR MORTAR/PLASTERS AND FOR MASONRY BLOCKS OF ANY
DESIRED STRENGTH. IT CAN ALSO BE USED FOR ROAD PAVEMENTS AND PLAIN CONCRETE IN THE FORM
OF FAL-G CONCRETE.

INSTALLATION: FLY ASH BRICKS ARE SLOW SETTING POZZOLANA CEMENT MIX AND THE
MANUFACTURING PROCESS IS THE SAME AS MAKING CEMENT IN CEMENT FACTORIES WHEREAS THE
LIMESTONE AND CLAY ARE BURNT WITH GYPSUM AND COAL.

ADVANTAGES: FLY ASH USE IN CONCRETE IMPROVES THE WORKABILITY OF PLASTIC CONCRETE, AND THE
STRENGTH AND DURABILITY OF HARDENED CONCRETE. FLY ASH USE IS ALSO COST EFFECTIVE. WHEN FLY
ASH IS ADDED TO CONCRETE, THE AMOUNT OF PORTLAND CEMENT MAY BE REDUCED.
 4. BAMBOO/TIMBER MAT BASED WALLS:

MANUFACTURERS: ZHU BAMBOO PHILIPPINES

BAMBOO MAT BOARD HAS SIMILAR PROPERTIES TO PLYWOOD, AND IS SUFFICIENTLY RIGID AND
FLEXIBLE TO SUBSTITUTE FOR IT IN A WIDE RANGE OF APPLICATIONS. BAMBOO MAT BOARD CAN BE
USED FOR PANELING, CEILINGS, PREFABRICATED SHELTERS, PACKING CASES, STORAGE BINS, ROOFS,
DOORS AND DOOR PANELS, FURNITURE AND HOUSEHOLD UTENSILS SUCH AS TRAYS AND PLATES. BMB IS
ALSO USED IN CONCRETE FORMWORK

INSTALLATION: DRIED RESIN-COATED MATS ARE ASSEMBLED ON ALUMINIUM METAL CAULS THAT ARE
THOROUGHLY COATED WITH A RELEASING AGENT, SUCH AS SILICONE - 17 COMPOUND. THE NUMBER OF
MATS ASSEMBLED DEPENDS UPON THE REQUIRED THICKNESS OF THE BOARD. THE RELEASING AGENT
USED TO COAT THE METAL CAULS SHOULD BE REAPPLIED AFTER 15 TO 20 HOT PRESSING CYCLES.
BAMBOO MAT BOARDS ARE TESTED FOR CONFORMITY AS PER IS: 13958, 1994, SPECIFICATION FOR
BAMBOO MAT BOARD FOR GENERAL PURPOSES.

ADVANTAGES: THE FIBERS IN A BAMBOO POLE RUN AXIALLY, CREATING AMAZING STRENGTH, BAMBOO
IS RELATIVELY LIGHT, BAMBOO DOESN'T SNAP AT THE FIRST SIGN OF STRESS.

5. CORRUGATED BAMBOO ROOFING SHEET

MANUFACTURERS: FURN BAMBU PRIVATE LIMITED

AN INNOVATIVE ROOFING MATERIAL WITH AN UP-GRADATION OF TRADITIONAL MATERIAL FROM

BAMBOO BOARD. IT IS ECO-FRIENDLY, LIGHT IN WEIGHT, STRONG AND DURABLE, AND MINIMAL FIRE
HAZARDS COMPARED TO THATCH AND OTHER MATERIALS. THESE SHEETS CAN BE USED FOR ROOFING,
WALLING, DOOR AND WINDOW SHUTTERS, AND OTHER COMPONENTS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.
SHEETS ARE BONDED WITH PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE RESIN TO WHICH ANTI-TERMITE CHEMICAL IS
ADDED AT THE TIME OF MAT IMPREGNATION. THESE ARE TERMITE RESISTANT AND FIRE RETARDANT.

INSTALLATION: CBRS IS MADE FROM SEVERAL LAYERS OF WOVEN BAMBOO MATS. THESE WOVEN MATS
ARE IMPREGNATED WITH AN ADHESIVE RESIN AND PRESSED TOGETHER BETWEEN TWO SPECIALLY
DESIGNED CORRUGATED PRESSING PLATES. THE SHEETS CAN BE PRODUCED IN A RANGE OF SIZES TO
SUIT PARTICULAR REQUIREMENTS AND CAN EASILY BE TRIMMED FOR SPECIAL APPLICATIONS. THE MAIN
MATERIALS USED ARE BAMBOO SLIVERS TO PRODUCE THE MATS, AND ADHESIVE RESIN IN WHICH TO
SOAK THE MATS. A RESIN APPLICATOR IS NEEDED, AND A DRYING CHAMBER IS OPTIONAL. CORRUGATED
PRESSING PLATES FOR THE HOT PRESS ARE OF COURSE ESSENTIAL.

ADVANTAGES: CORRUGATED BAMBOO ROOFING SHEETS ON THE OTHER HAND ARE CHEAPER,
STRONGER, MORE DURABLE, ECO-FRIENDLY, AND HAVE BETTER THERMAL AND SOUND ISOLATION. FOR
ALL THOSE REASONS, BAMBOO PROVES TO BE A SUPERIOR SUBSTITUTE FOR ZINC ROOFING WITH AN
ENORMOUS MARKET POTENTIAL.

6. FUNICULAR SHELLS OVER EDGE BEAMS

MANUFACTURERS: ERMA SHELLS & DESIGNS EXPORT INC

IT PROVIDES A SIMPLE AND ATTRACTIVE ALTERNATIVE TO RCC CONSTRUCTION FOR SMALL TO MEDIUM
SPANS. THESE CAN BE USED TO SPAN SQUARE, RECTANGULAR OR EVEN TRIANGULAR AND NON-
ORTHOGONAL SPACES AND CONSIST OF THIN SHEET CONCRETE, BRICK, STONES, TILES SUPPORTED ON
EDGE BEAMS. THESE ARE COST EFFECTIVE AS THE REQUIRED QUANTITY OF STEEL AND CEMENT IS MUCH
LESS AND CAN BE PRECAST AVOIDING COSTLY SHUTTERING.

INSTALLATION: THE ENTIRE AREA TO BE ROOFED IS DIVIDED INTO A GRID DEPENDING ON THE SIZE OF
THE FUNICULAR SHELL REQUIRED OR THE SIZE / SHAPE OF MOULDS AVAILABLE. THE RISE TO SPAN RATIO
IS 1:6, THUS THE OPTIMAL SPAN OF THE SHELL IS 3 M THOUGH IT CAN SPAN UP TO 15 M. THE MOULD IS
SUPPORTED BETWEEN THE EDGE BEAMS. TIMBER PLANKS ARE USED TO BRIDGE THE GAP BETWEEN THE
EDGE OF THE MOULD AND THE EDGE BEAM. THE SHELL COMPRISES OF THE MATERIALS – BRICKS, STONE
WASTE – LAID IN THE FUNICULAR PROFILE TOPPED WITH CEMENT-SAND MORTAR AND CONCRETE
SCREED. AFTER THE SHELLS HAVE BEEN CAST, THE VALLEY SPACES WHICH ARE FORMED BETWEEN THE
SHELLS CAN BE FILLED WITH LIGHT-WEIGHT MATERIAL LIKE BRICK JELLY LIME CONCRETE AND FINISHED
FLAT. THE INFILL WILL ENABLE THE CONSTRUCTION OF AN INTERMEDIATE FLOOR WHICH CAN BE USED
TO BUILD ABOVE.

ADVANTAGES: SAVING IN REINFORCING STEEL AND CONCRETE. - CAN BE CASTED AT SITE. - PROVIDES
MORE AESTHETIC APPERANCE. - SHUTTERING CAN BE AVOIDED.

https://theconstructor.org/building/alternate-building-materials/420/