Polity cls1 Making of Constitution

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Topic : Making of Constitution
The Constituent Assembly of India framed the

Indian Constitution between December 1946
and November 1949. It was framed after a
long period of discussions and debates.
Before making the Constitution of India, our
Constitutional-makers had analyzed about 60
Constitutions of other countries. In this
article, we take a detailed look at the
formulation of the Constitution of India.
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Constituent Assembly of India
The historical journey of Making the

Constitution of India began many years
before the Independence of India. In 1934, M.
N. Roy first time proposed the idea of the
Constituent Assembly. In 1935, it became the
official demand of the Indian National
Congress to set up a Constituent Assembly
to frame the Indian Constitution.
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In 1938, on behalf of the Indian National

Congress, Jawaharlal Nehru declared that
the Constitution of Independent India must
be framed without outside interference. On
15 November 1939, C. Rajagopalachari
voiced the demand for the Constituent
Assembly elected on the basis of adult
franchise
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On 8 August 1940, in the famous August Offer,

the British Government finally accepted the
popular demand of Indians to constitute the
Constituent Assembly of India. In 1942, the
British Government sent Sir Stafford Cripps
with a draft proposal on framing an
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independent Constitution to be adopted after

the Second World War. Both Indian National
Congress and the Muslim League rejected
the Cripps proposal, as it proposed to divide
India into two autonomous states with two
separate Constituent Assemblies.
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Composition of the Constituent Assembly
To settle up the Constitutional deadlock in India, a

Cabinet Mission visited India on 24 March 1946.
Cabinet Mission includes Sir Pethick-Lawrence,
Stafford Cripps, and A. V. Alexander. On 16 May
1946, it provided its draft known as Cabinet Mission
Plan. Under this plan, the Constituent Assembly of
India was constituted in November 1946. The main
features proposed by the Plan were:
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1. It proposed to set up the Constituent

Assembly with a total strength of 389
members. Out of these, 296 members were
to be drawn from British India and 93
members from the Princely States.
2. Out of 296 seats of British India, 292 seats go

to eleven governor provinces and the other 4
seats to four chief commission provinces.
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3. The seats to every British province and

princely state were allotted in proportion to
their respective population.
4. The representatives of princely states were to

be nominated by heads of princely states.
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In July 1946, elections to the Constituent

Assembly were held for the 296 seats
allotted to British Indian provinces. In these
elections, Indian National Congress won 208
seats, Muslim League won 73 seats, and
Independents won the remaining 15 seats.
However, Princely states decided to stay
away from the Constituent Assembly, and
their 93 seats remain unfilled
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Working of the Constituent Assembly
On 9 December 1946, the Constituent Assembly

held its first meeting, which was attended by
only 211 members, as the Muslim League
boycotted the meeting. Dr Sachchidananda
Sinha was the senior-most member of the
Assembly. So, he chaired the first meeting of
the Constituent Assembly as a temporary
President.
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On 11 December 1946, the Constituent

Assembly elected Dr Rajendra Prasad as the
President of the Assembly. The Assembly
had two Vice-Presidents H. C. Mukherjee and
V. T. Krishnamachari. Also, Sir B. N. Rau was
appointed as the Constitutional advisor to
the Constituent Assembly, and H. V. R.
Iyengar as the Secretary to the Constituent
Assembly
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Objectives Resolution
On 13 December 1946, Constituent Assembly

established its Objective Committee led by
Jawaharlal Nehru. Pandit Nehru submitted
the Objectives Resolution in the Assembly,
which laid down the philosophy and
fundamentals of the Constitutional Structure.
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On 22 January 1947, the Assembly unanimously

adopted the Objectives Resolution. The
modified version of this resolution
constitutes the Preamble of the present
Constitution of India.
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Changes by the Indian Independence Act
After the Mountbatten plan got accepted on 3

June 1947, princely states, who had earlier
stayed away from the Assembly, gradually
joined it, and their representatives took seats
in the Constituent Assembly. Following were
the changes made by the Indian
Independence Act of 1947 in the position of
the Assembly:
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• The total Strength of the Constituent

Assembly, which was 389 members
originally, came down to 299 members. Out
of 299 seats, 229 members were drawn from
the British Indian provinces and 70 members
from the princely states.
• The Act made the Assembly a fully sovereign

body to frame the Indian Constitution.
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The Assembly also acts as the legislative body

performing two separate functions assigned
to it. One is making a Constitution for free
India and the other to enact ordinary laws for
the country.
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Drafting Committee
Constituent Assembly consists of 8 Major

Committees and other minor committees.
Among all these committees, Drafting
Committee is the most important committee
of the Constituent Assembly. On 29 August
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1947 the Assembly set up Drafting Committee

to prepare a draft for the Constitution. Dr B.
R. Ambedkar was appointed as the Chairman
of the drafting committee, along with the
other 6 members. The other members
include:
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1. N Gopalaswamy Ayyangar.
2. Alladi Krishnaswamy Ayyar.
3. Dr K. M. Munshi.
4. Syed Mohammad Saadullah.
5. N Madhava Rau (replaced B. L. Mitter, who
resigned due to ill-health).
6. TT Krishnamachari (replaced D. P. Khaitan,
who died in 1948).
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The Drafting committee sat for 141 days to

prepare its draft. After taking into
consideration the proposals of other
committees, it prepares its first draft of the
Constitution. The draft Constitution was put
forward to the Constituent Assembly on 21
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February 1948. The Assembly spent 114 days

debating this draft and proposing
amendments. In the light of public
suggestions, criticisms, and comments, the
drafting committee prepared its second draft
Constitution, published in October 1948
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Enactment of Constitution of India On 4

November 1948, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
introduced the final draft Constitution in the
Constituent Assembly. The draft was
debated for five days till 9 November 1948.
The Second reading of the draft started on
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14 November 1948 and ends on 17 October

1949, in which clause by clause was
debated. The third debate on the draft
started on 14 November 1949, in which Dr. B.
R. Ambedkar moved the motion on the draft
Constitution.
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On 26 November 1949, the motion on the draft

Constitution was declared as passed. Out of
the 299 members as total 18/49 strength,
only 284 members were actually present at
the Assembly on that day, and they signed
the Constitution. Signature started by Dr.
Rajendra Prasad, followed by Jawaharlal
Nehru, and other 282 members.
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Enforcement of Constitution of India

As the Constitution of India was adopted on
behalf of the Constituent Assembly, only 4
provisions of the Constitution came into
force on 26 November 1949. These four
provisions are:
1. Citizenship.
2. Elections.
3. Provisional Parliament.
4. Temporary and transitional provisions.
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It took 2 years, 11 months, 18 days to enact and

adopt the Constitution of India. The
remaining provisions of the Constitution of
India came into force on 26 January 1950.
Hence, this day is referred to as the date of
commencement of the Indian Constitution.
The date twenty-six January had specially
chosen because of the historic movement on
26 January 1930, when India National
Congress celebrated the Purna Swaraj Day.
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With the Commencement of the Constitution of

India, all enactments and amendments of the
Government India Act of 1935 and the Indian
Independence Act of 1947 were repealed
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Timeline of the Formation of the Constitution

December 6, 1946: Formation of the
Constituent Assembly (in accordance with
French practice)
December 9, 1946: The first meeting was held in

the constitution hall. The first person to
address was J.B Kripalani, Sachidananda
Sinha became temporary president
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December 11, 1946: The assembly appointed

Rajendra Prasad as its president, H.C
Mukherjee as its vice-chairman, and B.N Rau
as constitutional legal adviser
December 13, 1946: An 'Objective Resolution'

was presented by Jawaharlal Nehru
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• January 22, 1947: Objective Resolution

unanimously adopted
• July 22, 1947: National Flag Adopted
• August 15, 1947: Achieved Independence,
India split into the Dominion of India and
Dominion of Pakistan
• August 29, 1947: Drafting committee
appointed with B.R Ambedkar as its
Chairman
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• July 16, 1948: Harendra Coomar Mukherjee

and V.T Krishnamachari were elected as
vice-president of the Constituent Assembly
• November 26, 1949: The constitution of India

was passed and adopted by the assembly
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• January 24, 1950: Last meeting of the

Constituent Assembly. The Constitution was
signed and accepted
• January 26, 1950: The Constitution came into

force
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The Philosophy of the Constitution
It is important to remember that the making of

the Indian Constitution was preceded by its
philosophy which was constituted under the
Preamble to the Constitution of India. The
Preamble includes certain principles that
guide governance and law in India. Some of
these principles are:
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1. Equality
2. Liberty
3. Fraternity
4. Justice
All the noble ideals of our founding fathers are
reflected through the preamble of the
constitution. The preamble gives us a sense
of togetherness and tells us what we have
chosen for ourselves as a nation in a very
poetic manner.
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The Making of the Indian Constitution
Who among the following was the President of

Constituent Assembly? (তনচের মচযে কক
গণপতরষচির সভাপতি তিচেন?)
A. Dr. Rajendra Prasad

B. Sardar Patel
C. Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar
D. Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru
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Who among the following was the first speaker

of Lok Sabha? (তনচের মচযে কক কোকসভার
প্রথম স্পিকার তিচেন?)
A. MA Ayenger
B. Sardar Hukum Singh
C. GV Malankara
D. Ball Ram Bhagat
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Parliament has the power to legislate with

respect to a matter in the State list provided
it is in the – (সংসচির রাষ্ট্রীয় িাতেকার ককাচনা
তিষচয়র তিষচয় আইন প্রণয়চনর ক্ষমিা আচি,
িচি শিত থাচক-)
A. National Interest
B. The Interest of minority
C. The Interest of public
D. The Interest of the State concerned
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Which of the following acts formally introduced

the principle of elections for the first time?
(তনচের ককান আইচন প্রথমিাচরর মচিা
তনিােচনর
ত নীতি আনুষ্ঠাতনকভাচি প্রিতিতি হয়?)
A. Indian Council Act of 1909

B. Government of India Act 1919
C. Government of India Act 1935
D. India Independence Act 194
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Who was the chairman of the drafting

committee of Constitution? (সংতিযাচনর
খসডা কতমটির কেয়ারমোন কক তিচেন?)
A. Rajendra Prasad
B. Frank Anthony
C. B.R Ambedkar
D. Moti Lal Nehru
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The Constitution of India provides for: (ভারচির

সংতিযান এর জনে প্রিান কচর:)
(A) Single citizenship

(B) Double citizenship
(C) Contains no provision regarding citizenship
(D) Provides multiple citizenship
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Montagu-Chelmsford report is associated with

(মন্টাগু-কেমসচ ার্ত তরচপাচিত র সচে যুক্ত)
(A) Govt. of India Act, 1918

(B) Govt. of India Act, 1920
(C) Govt. of India Act, 1930
(D) Govt, of India Act, 1919
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By virtue of its special status, the State of

Jammu & Kashmir has a separate (িার
তিচশষ মযািার ত কারচণ, জম্মু ও কাশ্মীর রাচজের
একটি আোিা রচয়চি)
(A) Constitution (not now)

(B) defence force
(C) judiciary
(D) All of the above
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The Indian Independence Act, 1947,came into

force on (ভারিীয় স্বাযীনিা আইন, 1947,
কাযকর ত হয়)
(A) 3rd June, 1947

(B) 18th July, 1947
(C) 26th July, 1947
(D) 14th August, 1947
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The first session of the Constituent Assembly

was held on (গণপতরষচির প্রথম অতযচিশন
অনুটষ্ঠি হয়)
(A) 15th August, 1947

(B) 26th January, 1946
(C) 9th December, 1946
(D) 26th November, 1949
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The Constitution of India was adopted by the

Constituent Assembly on (ভারচির সংতিযান
গণপতরষি কিত ক ত গতহীি হয়)
(A) 15th August, 1947

(B) 25th August, 1949
(C) 26th November, 1949
(D) 26th January, 1950
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Which of the following sought to change the

character of Indian Government from unitary
to federal? (তনচের ককানটি ভারিীয় সরকাচরর
েতরত্রচক একক কথচক ক র্াচরে এ পতরিিতন
করচি কেচয়তিে?)
a) Indian Council Act, 1909

b) Government of India Act, 1935
c) Government of India Act, 1919
d) Indian Independence Act, 1947
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The Indian Constitution has borrowed the ideas

of Preamble from the (ভারিীয় সংতিযান
প্রস্তািনার যারণাগুতে কথচক যার কচরচি)
a) Canadian Constitution
b) Italian Constitution
c) French Constitution
d) Constitution of USA
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From which of the countries, Constitution of

India has adopted fundamental duties?
(ভারচির সংতিযান ককান কিশ কথচক কমৌতেক
কিতিে গ্রহণ কচরচি?)
a) USA
b) UK
c) Erstwhile USSR
d) Canada
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The British, conceded the demand for partition

of India under (তিটিশরা ভারি ভাচগর িাতি
কমচন কনয়)
a) Cripps Mission
b) Mountbatten Plan, 1947
c) Simla Pact, 1946
d) Cabinet Mission Plan
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The first session of the Constituent Assembly

was held on (গণপতরষচির প্রথম অতযচিশন
অনুটষ্ঠি হয়)
a) December 9, 1946
b) November 26, 1949
c) August 15, 1947
d) January 26, 1946
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Which of the following was not one o the

features of Government of India Act, 1935?
(তনচের ককানটি ভারি সরকার আইন, 1935 এর
বিতশষ্ট্েগুতের মচযে একটি তিে না?)
a) Bicameral legislature
b) Dyarchy of centre and the provinces
c) Provincial autonomy
d) All India Federation
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The Government of India Act, 1935 vested the

residuary power in the (ভারি সরকার আইন,
1935 এর মচযে অিতশষ্ট্ ক্ষমিা নেস্ত করা
হচয়চি)
a) British Parliament
b) State Legislature
c) Federal Legislature
d) Governor-General
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The Chairman of the Constituent Assembly was

(গণপতরষচির কেয়ারমোন তিচেন )
a) C. Rajagopalachari
b) Jai Prakash Narayan
c) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
d) Jawaharlal Nehru
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When was the Constitution of India enacted by

the Constituent Assembly? (ভারচির
সংতিযান কচি গণপতরষি দ্বারা প্রণীি হয়?)
(A) 26 January, 1950

(B) 26 November, 1949
(C) 26 January, 1949
(D) 20 January, 1949
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Where was the first Session of the Constituent

Assembly held? (গণপতরষচির প্রথম
অতযচিশন ককাথায় অনুটষ্ঠি হয়?)
(A) Madras
(B) New Delhi
(C) Calcutta
(D) Bombay
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Which of the following is not included in the

Preamble? (তনচের ককানটি প্রস্তািনায় অন্তভভক্ত
ত
নয়?)
(A) Sovereign
(B) Socialist
(C) Democratic
(D) Federal
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How many Schedules are there in the

Constitution of India? (ভারচির সংতিযাচন
কয়টি ি তসে রচয়চি?)
(A) 22
(B) 97
(C) 18
(D) 12
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When was the Indian Independence Act passed

by the British Parliament? (তিটিশ পাোচমচন্ট
ত
ভারিীয় স্বাযীনিা আইন কচি পাশ হয়?)
(A)18 July, 1947

(B) 20 July, 1947
(C) 18 July, 1946
(D) 20 July, 1946
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High Court
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Polity এ‍র েক্ষেপূরণ (Practice Set 22)
THANK YOU
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Polity cls1 Making of Constitution

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The Constituent Assembly of India framed the

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Constituent Assembly of India

The historical journey of Making the

In 1938, on behalf of the Indian National

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On 8 August 1940, in the famous August Offer,

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independent Constitution to be adopted after

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Composition of the Constituent Assembly

To settle up the Constitutional deadlock in India, a

1. It proposed to set up the Constituent

2. Out of 296 seats of British India, 292 seats go

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3. The seats to every British province and

4. The representatives of princely states were to

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In July 1946, elections to the Constituent

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Working of the Constituent Assembly

On 9 December 1946, the Constituent Assembly

On 11 December 1946, the Constituent

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On 13 December 1946, Constituent Assembly

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On 22 January 1947, the Assembly unanimously

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Changes by the Indian Independence Act

After the Mountbatten plan got accepted on 3

• The total Strength of the Constituent

• The Act made the Assembly a fully sovereign

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The Assembly also acts as the legislative body

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Constituent Assembly consists of 8 Major

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1947 the Assembly set up Drafting Committee

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The Drafting committee sat for 141 days to

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February 1948. The Assembly spent 114 days

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Enactment of Constitution of India On 4

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14 November 1948 and ends on 17 October

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On 26 November 1949, the motion on the draft

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Enforcement of Constitution of India

It took 2 years, 11 months, 18 days to enact and

With the Commencement of the Constitution of

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Timeline of the Formation of the Constitution

December 9, 1946: The first meeting was held in

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December 11, 1946: The assembly appointed

December 13, 1946: An 'Objective Resolution'

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• January 22, 1947: Objective Resolution