Indian Polity

By Shilpi Suman
 Constitution
 Contsitution is a rule book of a nation.
 It is the fundamental law of a country and all other laws and
customs of the country in order to be legally valid shall conform to
the constitution
 It is the supreme law of land.
 It sets out the framework and principal functions of various organs
of the government- The Executive, Legislature and Judiciary.
 Also determines the relations between the government and the
people which is called Citizenship.
 It leads to limited government.
Indian constitution
Enacted on 26th Nov 1949

Enforced on 26th Jan 1950

1934 - M. N Roy - Idea of Constituent Assembly

1935 - INC demanded Formation Of Constituent
Assembly
1938 - J.L. Nehru on behalf of INC demanded CA for
making indian constitution without any outside
interference
1940- August Offer
1942 - Sir Stafford Cripps
1946 - Cabinet Mission
Making of Indian constitution

292 + 4 93

389
Making Of Indian Constitution

1st Meeting 9th Dec 1946

Objective Resolution 13th Dec 1946
by J.L Nehru
Adopted By CA
2years 11Months 18Days
Sessions - 11
22nd Dec 1946
Readings -3
Money - 64 Lakhs
Making of Indian Constitution

Mountbatten Plan : Two States Two CA

229 + 70 = 299

President of CA - Dr Sachidanand Sinha (Temperory)

President of CA - Dr Rajendra Prasad (Permanent)
 Committees of the Constituent Assembly
Committee Chairman
Committee on Rule of Procedure Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Steering Committee Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Finance and Staff Committee Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Ad hoc Committee on National Flag Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Credential Committee Alladi Krishnaswamy Ayyar
Committee on the Functions of Constituent G V Mavalankar
Assembly

Union Constitution Committee J L Nehru

Union Powers Committee J L Nehru
State Committee J L Nehru
Committees of the Constituent Assembly
Committees Chairman

Order of Buisness Committee K M Munshi

Advisory Committee On FRs, Minorities,tribal and Vallabhbhai Patel

excluded Areas

Drafting Committee Dr. B R Ambedkar

Linguistic Provinces Committee S K Dhar

Provincial Constitution Committee Sardar Patel

FRs Sub Committee J B Kriplani

Minorities Sub Committee H C Mukherjee

Drafting Committee

Consisted of Seven Members :

1. Dr. B R Ambedkar
2. N Gopalaswamy Ayyangar
3. Alladi Krishnaswamy Ayyar
4. Dr. K M Munshi
5. Syed Mohammad Saadullah
6. N Madhav Rao ( Replaced B L Mitter)
7. T T Krishnamachari ( Replaced D P Khaitan)
Other Functions Performed by CA

1. Ratified India’s membership of the Commonwealth in

May 1949
2. It Adopted National Flag on 22 July, 1947
3. It Adopted the National Anthem on 24 Jan 1950
4. It Adopted the National Song on 24 Jan, 1950
5. It elected Dr Rajendra Prasad as the first president on
24 Jan, 1950
Enactment and Enforcement of Constitution

The Constitution as adopted on November 26,1949,

contained :
 a Preamble
XXV Parts
 XXII Parts
465 Articles
 395 Articles
12 Schedules
 8 Schedules
Enactment and Enforcement of Constitution

Some Provisions of the constitution pertaining to

Citizenship, Election, Provisional Parliament, Temperory and
Transitional provision and short title contained in Art 5,6,7,8,
9,60,324,366,367,379,380,388,391,392 and 393 came into
force on November 26,1949 And rest came into force on 26
Jan 1950
Criticism of the Constitution

1. Not a Representative
Body
2. Not a Sovereign body
3. Time Consuming
4. Dominated by Congress
5. Lawyer-Politician
Dominition
6. Dominated by Hindus
Features Of Indian Constitution
1. Written Constitution
2. Lenghtiest Constitution
3. Bag of Borrowings
4. Nature of State : Sovereign, Socialist, Secular,Democratic Republic
5. Single Citizenship
6. FRs, DPSPs, FDs
7. Parliamentary form of Govt.
8. Federal in form Unitary in spirit
9. Mixture of Rigidity and Flexibility
10. Independent and Integerated Judiciary
11. Three Tier Government
12. Adult Suffrage
Preamble