Date: 15/11/2006 Physics 210L

Exp. 1. Surface Tension & Viscosity Grade:

A- Surface Tension measurements

Radius of Aluminum ring R = 5.82 cm; Thickness of Ring = 1.0 mm.

Weight of Ring W = 0.049 N

i- Water
Water temperature = 22.5 oC

Trial number F (N) Surface tension force (N)  (N/m)

Trial 1 0.0630 0.0140 0.0192
Trial 2 0.0632 0.0142 0.0194
Trial 3 0.0634 0.0144 0.0197
Trial 4 0.0633 0.0143 0.0196
Trial 5 0.0634 0.0144 0.0197

From this table, calculate the average value of water and its rms error

water = 0.0195  0.0001 N/m

ii -Cold Water
Water temperature = 6.1 oC

Trial number F (N) Surface tension force (N)  (N/m)

Trial 1 0.0635 0.0145 0.0198
Trial 2 0.0631 0.0141 0.0193
Trial 3 0.0630 0.0140 0.0192
Trial 4 0.0633 0.0143 0.0196
Trial 5 0.0641 0.0151 0.0207

From this table, calculate the average value of water .

water = 0.0197  0.0003 N/m

iii- Soapy Water

Trial number F (N) Surface tension force (N)  (N/m)

Trial 1 0.0610 0.0120 0.0164
Trial 2 0.0611 0.0121 0.0166
Trial 3 0.0610 0.0120 0.0164
Trial 4 0.0605 0.0115 0.0157
Trial 5 0.0608 0.0118 0.0161
From this table, calculate the average value of  soapy water.

soapy water = 0.0162  0.0002 N/m

QUESTIONS:
1) According to your experimental data, which has the largest value of , water or
soapy water? Is this to be expected?

THE LARGEST SURFACE TENSION IS FOR THE WATER, AT ROOM TEMPERATURE. YES
THIS IS TO BE EXPECTED. THIS IS SO SINCE SOAP IS SUPPOSED TO MAKE THE SURFACE
TENSION LESS. THIS IS EXACTLY THE PRINCIPLE THAT DETERGENT USES TO CLEAN
CLOTHES IN WASH MACHINES. IT DECREASES THE SURFACE TENSION SO THAT WATER
PENETRATES THE CLOTHES EASIER, TO CLEAN THEM.

2) What is the effect of temperature on your measurements of surface tension?

Comment.

BASED ON OUR RESULTS, THE SURFACE TENSION INCREASES AS THE

TEMPERATURE INCREASES. THIS IS SO SINCE AS THE TEMPERATURE DECREASES THE
THERE IS LESS ENERGY IN THE SYSTEM. WHEN THE TEMPERATURE INCREASES HIGHER
ENERGY ALLOWS MOLECULES TO OVERCOME THE FORCES BETWEEN ONE ANOTHER,
MAKING THE LIQUID LESS VISCOUS. HOWEVER IF THE TEMPERATURE DECREASES THEN
THERE IS LESS ENERGY AND THE MOLECULES ARE MORE ATTRACTED TO EACH OTHER.
THERE WILL BE HIGHER FORCES OF ATTRACTION BETWEEN EACH OTHER.

B- Viscosity

Length and radius of capillary tube: l = 14.45 cm and R = 0.08 cm.

h (cm) hf (cm) h(cm) Volume (cm3) Time (s) Temp. (oC) Q(cm3/s) (kg/m.s)

8.18 7.97 8.08 12.0 9.9 22.7 1.21 0.00203

7.97 7.74 7.86 18.0 11.98 22.9 1.50 0.00162

8.28 8.19 8.24 8.00 4.38 22.9 1.83 0.00135

8.28 8.15 8.22 10.0 5.66 22.7 1.77 0.00140

8.28 8.16 8.22 9.00 5.45 22.7 1.65 0.00150

8.27 8.01 8.14 20.5 12.4 22.7 1.65 0.00150

8.21 7.89 8.05 24.0 14.91 22.7 1.61 0.00153

7.89 7.53 7.71 28.0 19.66 22.8 1.42 0.00170

From your results, calculate the average coefficient of viscosity and its root-mean-
square error. How does your value compare with the accepted value of the viscosity of
water? Calculate the relative error on your measured value.

 = 0.00158  0.00008

0.00158 PA*S = 1.58 CP (CENTI-POISE)

THE VISCOSITY OF WATER AT 200C IS 1.002 CP. THEREFORE OUR VALUE IS VERY
CLOSE TO THE LITERATURE VALUE OF THE VISCOSITY OF WATER.
OUR ERROR THEREFORE IS THE ABSOLUTE VALUE OF THE THEORETICAL VALUE MINUS
THE EXPERIMENTAL VALUE. THEN DIVIDE THAT BY THE THEORETICAL VALUE AND
MULTIPLY BY 100.
SO THE ERROR = 57.7%
THIS IS AN ACCEPTABLE VALUE.