3/122

-:ToM
pesks To Rua
1) Pruoduction and Opeation Managamant thuay- R Panuchvam
a) Piodudton and Opotation Managamant SN Chavy
3 Tndubtia and OkoxaionManagamunt-Tlsang Maxdon

4) Kanushka Badi- Yraduction and Opatadtton Mana9aman

Diftuvant Names 0 PoM:

1) Manuactuing Managennurtt (18 th anluu)
a) Prodution Mananamunt (1130 -1950)
) Pruduction and pation Maragamant ( 1150 197o)
Oprational Managanant
0
(19FO onuwatds)

Main Bourco Human, Capital

Whols Man
ptecas Machun Ttansfaxm Gauneds
is Calla Intud matorial ress Pruoduc
Opxadion Copita
Maraauma&
Dulinotian DPoM ad
combine8 and Jranstaum Naious sOUHCes
Tis the breL Juhich

and oation u b -Syatom aanisadtion

Jused in th prtoduction
beAvicsun a Centrallod mannet as
inte val addad HOduct
he palicies 0gani aien

Productien is o a tyhs
Manuadwun
Sevical

Goods & Swie Dittounte (4 eints 2maxk

 Hesds o Prisdudt Sovius
Tangible Dwabla HOducts |Indanqible ishabla reduc
Output can binventay ,
Output annat be invertoy
Consumotien take mox Immedist Conzunmpion
C Tray eulina
e Funitr
Kong Raskens me Shet Rospens Jinne
Avalabla at Hegienal mattonal, Avaliable in Jacal maxkat
intuinaticral Jevd
Rapido)
RagicL asta acilit Ragpir åmall aciity
Catital Intansiv& abou inst intanaiva
Quality asily meagued >Quality mo asile
-Fuunitue JMeasud.
Radie , biUirq machine En
TrManspodbdtion hooth
banking
Oatfen fundion amehs DHaL Aauschart and nplain)

Accounna
&finanda unds

Puchasina Optation Fundtien

Mokating
Technical rodua/Sawica
LCnginauxina
1623
Mondo
Whal is Opovatang
ond adding valu te
An ha paCOS& ousing
Oputodiens is tha HOAUMCAg

thamt0 maka apradut an Jptovida A Aovica that KonBum

wiUl a n t 4o b . i ake kneun asPRaductien

When pDduucing a qAd previsirga Bxvig pmodudion in velv4

translarminq Inbusfadsvapdudion) inta ftnishad geeds

Inbut Procass Outhut

Clossificakican of roduction System

cudtut

Bath a
uwods Cartingusteus
fet flas
-pxatten Managemart
Oponadien Managemunt s cencrad with sha icunt cenuaxalon
Bvieos hak h a hun hn
0n 0garisatien aseuncasintspads
t u to ovide
ah can b ubdividad inda 3 tu aA

farchasing
Had maduial
Managing Ateck
o ptedudien Rala o autian Usina 9ality to ansu
maium raliby ualutp
tpu
nsuuna
Distrubuien
peduction finishd predue
 Jeb Produdien uc
Ho
Jab duclian is whun ach adax is mada individualluy o mar
the
mt Qach camer cauermex spaiie andu.
nLar
Each athex s likcty Ja duent
This a n C
onpnsive mahed bredution dua to Jha high skiu
h -tha stal
- high ua n
uamplo
h
Waddirq coka
n
ustm mada wley
DAlane dro

Batch Prududion
Batch pteduction is Jlad to peduc a numbox oArilas bHoduuct
- batch whn hat srden has bun combldtad, ansthoH batth
is HOduced.
Patcha an be shangpd o mtspecificutoer auinemarts
houe ver machiney and JUOekar3 may sit J l btuun stagas
Junles thaxa caxaul planning
CMasnplas
Nauspaber Checalatig
Cakas Light bulbs
Bresad
SuwActs
flous Pusdudien
Houpoduucien poduds Moving Lsrdinousl aleng a
dnvolves
productitor ina threugh diHunt ktaga
otoduuetíon fo ad .

reduetibn oa cax Juiu ztasdt th

tho shall at
wth Vaieus
pads bang addad a the hall Jmov thaesginnürq
alsna the
oductin lina
 hag quartities an ba duced And
hë OceAs ie aten automatad
HouseVe
K mativdien tan b os dua to ubetitive matura
thesob
Gpnanple las Mobílu these phena, TV's

Cardincus leu

Gsctrarma foum o u s hep is pmdimas ttoaad A C8rdinaus o c s

n whith thea Iscarátantu matoual sin i l ralinnin

chumical pHecassing ard cthus nwhith dhea is ne uny ts-

indendisy SuccesiVA unit tput is talled continaw

C w r a Coponation , Pastol Sewvics, OtL Ralina , Chamical flart

rcet fle
þrtocesg Comple ana a kin
uejuct Has o tha cRating

poduet wh a Aat owet danad dosk n tmuN

uguad and timaphasing
Bridgg, Dam Røads, Sto>ting muw industritd, fabrucaking koilea
Steps in Produd Plunning Product Stratg
Strat9
Carexate Strakx
&tab-1)
Tdoa Cnatian

St-2)
Sceninn9
step
Pavalsneot 4 Tety
Steb-4
Final frolut desian

Produc
Sees
 1AARIRHTHiiäistia

a anyaeduct drsian , odu et 3trdlog Planning is

dane
fHduct planning is a dynanic acivty
.cause intensa compditien
Otpitation o atands
Rapid duchnefa Jnnovaticn
Secis-AConem Condition

PrHoduct plannîng
planning s mast ative dwtinq the Ist stag pradudt praduct

cyce
0 Tdoa anation

Instda firm Outidsi

Managp pistribudaus
Emblayns Combdito
RAD lábrotori Lisconuo

dhes
oheugh hasand o neusudaa aa Suggest y auaLy
HAOLLXCos only fe
foumay t th canbany misiion.bme
faitth to umet tha oadien and
naniad Hita
Opration CHitoua
Va dathnical
thu -oxmat
bly badudhv
dict cambletaly w
Cunant btecus uwek
Jecatien ond Auppliee caboabilky
faxca 9ppmnt facili
finanially Critouo
InexaoAo Ji capoaten, invstmur , dagrsn Hö,
Oadu.cad annua Jay , te

Tha m must dut th idual tuehnial

In nudadune
asibiltyd
ma
Snduat dntaag may doirg
Jintiny an achadaly dar atoyp f
reduct hacau tnay wte
rwkc mankiu
Conduckiern toum in dimHado igdtudgad otha Maduc
þredut
feam to
predeetivyraduci nq and irobtimic Conbancn
Ccenemicalky uibla
3Con&umon
oN an slactric t t t u i bailer d Ahuce
maduiatan and olinantian f ach #ax amberuKt.
1 7
2 3

Tuesday
Produt Life Cyele

Annual Saluy
Jins (Suga,| faut feed
talsun)
Calcuula
Prtecucta

Combuts
Poited
watuh

Annual Prtafit lnel

Prtoduct
Planningntoduclien Gueuth Matuwit Decina

Pruodud ite yda snsists o 5 stos htaugh whidh

Hacluct pas&s that is
ruduct Planning
Ihruodudion
Cutauth
Madutty
Declina
dhe figuw Jhoun in
diognamn aptaant Jals and
prekt
aseeiatod wtth ac taag and sma ptackical ambla
pHoduc in
 Praduet Plannïng
Duningthis &tagk deas uw gocda A Atvices a 9pnealed.

Senean gunvtattd irdo nal design Toits atfribdscd te a

a Mgadive t Jhi als a mt bigan
Radot
Au tha Maus Hven Comin in development planning hava

un incwrLd

Inttedudion
Sales and pHeitgstam -V Je ve Tn staa th
In this stag

knauw heus much abat tha

dumand is leus dhe deusnot
Jhe tganisation Jha te invest avily in odvwdiumant
rleduct
preduct familia ts ustomar he Vol o8ou
tomak tha
AN theughif rtoper ca is nattakan dhen tha prtaduct wiul be

failue
Geusth
dhe bHadut n t tagt ntu tapid -gteusth Early dn
a
tha Custom
this taas, du e accaptability. etha praduct by
in Salos a d polit ust is brake
thna j a dtastic un
this Atage, the& mandata
Jimitud ne tempatitionDsing
Someheu te kas
uwith the demard , iunc
odions s
Js Jas ConLOned

Matuity s
puwing this aae 3als v d o
udira , brot and bagins
dulir. Due to mus combatitos CHAatos
a and Jultimataly on unit pHot Jrgin Jaus epnation
mus basa 6n an
 Antos tha declining.
Declina tJast distinct teduct
ithar Ao.mand disabhta 0M
tage and bcemu8 obolato
So salis nd prat
Juss pbansive bteduet takø
Takes ts blace
to the baint shea Jha itm nally caphed
Jinally phed ha
tha
dtcased

predua
aliminate Jho eisting aduet
Kifa cyde udis uhon

his life yclo Nauies om

and indttoduuca nus Gn
gn taku 15 yas o intraduce alaetnestotie taby
omachine

PredudtienCyle
CAD
Prueduct
Cusom Desgn
ORdax
PHOceAslanning
Prtodueon Manuac Raut Shut
Business Syatum
fundian
faciuta urdy MRP matorial
plannin Huiumsnt þlanrir
Manuadtuin MfS (Manulacdtua
DPS Contree
prtsk schaduding
Busins Data ?recas
Una
CAM Ce(Caaity alonnina
Computx adad
Manulactuwing

CIM CAD +CAM BDPS+FMS

Cemkutur 3rtgnalud Manupaduang

Gcaematrice Dobian Dasian Dxatin

modol nolygis &optinication dscumarbfion
 Phases Of CAD Prtoceas i

GecemetiC Prtecas NC Mochinrg

medel
PLannin pout
prtotarOminp

Inspdien

CAM Prteca3s Packain

Systum Centreler

Lo.ding wasek Mc toclu

and Quute matien
unlaadin9 tanAlpetation AV Tool
dovica Matoual
Station StOrta
handlina
pipmnt
Mataol f l
Infvxnodionleu Auilia
euTma
Manaqmtnl
iso preces sd fo dacigisn making
3
Plonninq Cantrel de cision
Anolysis
mokire
Strtalo To Lavd preCA
/peicieh
/Tacticad Mddla va
DAicton

Ofatienal Battam lovel

Diion
Daining. qaals making þeticiu and daturniralien o exganisation
obfadive taloxqie daision
Hquistion RUsowC , pard acation u pMaduk Ataktithmant
ond umsnitaxinq el budat Tactical daciien
adive nd iient usa &cecuonq aciltus to cas auit

adivity Jwithin tha given budat Opotationa dacisien

rtodue Daaign Develspmurnt OR New rteduct Desin

Stes
Cencobiion

Accapto.nca(ftaibity andliyais and madsllirg

kacudion| (ptysioal tusting, Jimtatons masal

Irtandatien
ftanslatinq u monulactuir. blanning ftrol
duisn
Pra-Prtedudion

Market unctiond
Aspad hspact
Produd
Dastgn
Ecenomcal
radutien
Coridaredien Aspac
 Invanley
Swice finms unlika manujadwuns dont held invartoky. huy
CHatt a Suyt whan he clont ru9Juircsa JtManulacdn
rAduc 9ads o sdocks wth dnvenley Javels olignad ts foracast
he makdirg demand -

Valus in ony Valu invebtjpden aos to conomjc valus uwhsck

Can b dvidod je 4ype
Cost valus
uchang valua
US valua
aleLm volus

Valu Paamane (Utiuity

amark Cost

Valua Anolyis
is th puatien e a ut eichniaus ds an niating praduct
with a Viuu to ve k value

Valuena
ts the abplication t h a mactly Jhu dama At otchniauus
Al
to amaw pedut at the dusgn tage prtojact concijt Juuhe th
bad fudus a naf added

Simbliticatfen And Standaxcixation

Simhufication Sinpficateon i at6cas aduct analyeis thrusugh
which necesay vayioty duign or alininatad. Ony Jmitad a

no ad t and Bas tha teduet au Htainad

Stardordizotion s
nd tap a l t standandixoatton . Jea-axds Sntvchangable manulactwing
hovna
ovth Silactud t Vartes and gradas o th raduct o bo
Hatain ai much i manufactuwurg dataile and Atandadixe as
Pwthaaa
nn -hand otciancy and carnamíc u ouman o t
nd tho ath canemy e matrial Naxity and
a nd thorae

Haductian in cost and incase in tunavo

Buak éven Aralysis-

Mak n buy dutision

Brtaak von Analyais.
Simble Cot Cconemic Analyais
Analuyis

CNteria 0makg

FinishudHedut mada chaabx by tha m, then h

utsida Auupplio
finishd prtaduct is baing manujactuud anly by aimitad
e &Ltsido inm uhich au unabl to mat th damand Thu

pasr has imbertance do the fum and uauhas ndramaly

(ttict quality Centrel

T aut can anufacuud by ha-inm isting acilitiu for
tha tfma in whith thu tamban has monuladuring
npxiancas
Crutania fa Buuy CO

Highnvustment n fatilituu which au alady Aualiabla åubhlio

plard
Campany dsAghot have acilitius o maka a n d thexs aA MaR

pitetobl sppordunti, tnveting th tompanis talpital

tan be d
isting facilitis JMot JCoramically fe mak
fodant o ugal bois naVanha coma n
em making
thepod
Dmand
ndf 4h paxd s atha timbovarils Aasenal
a 1 2 9

BraaK ven Analyais (BCA)

friajt
vC
A

Cost Aos 7

fc

Unit oSalss pot uod

Bruak even Chavt

Fxad Cat :
Ais ha Constant in raprd tE opreducdíon valune obredut
uwhich is manuaetuwting ky tha oqanixotion

Vauabl Cast t
tis th fundion oth praductien valuma e aduc

bak ven Peint

h1 als HO VANUA betomos gall ts total
Theaint ai uhich
Cst is kmu»n as buak Jven paint
Thu's nalysis is
At this baint h is ms Jos e dhe kganisation
umd as rsak -&Ven anaysis

Intenaction aint o total and 3alts cekt

(
Totol cot = finad colt t Vaiabla cas

BcP hud coat

co
SuhgPrice- Vaiabla

BEP SP-V.C
Prmablam Ans
cyelabuy a Ada
A manuyacwes oan gonisatron Ann
h makss t Jima tha
Jima ha
by240 ach himsey in éat* cas Zeidi
Sheud the
fe 300,080 /vc 4o -
&ida ot buy.
boiftho is a dewaasad
ld
manuactwe maka buy
buy a Jhe

o 500 Sid boues

When deand is mea than cP he Cormpany TU manuadu.
whn demand 4 BeR th Comban wiu bu Ta pHedut.

BE F: C
SP V C

300 00 0

000

Dimand
2000
Hu dumand (aSoo BEP
hu cormpanay at manua
AA ceman Js invstigating dueision Jshdho te maka
BE
buy a laatit Jpieduds which Cuuanth baing puchaasd - o 0
Juing
Rach dumancd o shewn baleus

Uns(20 30,000
20,000 40,00 0
Panand 50,000 Go,o00
W
chana (1) 10 15
V
Tha dotiason e
nf
mf in iad cat th cemban and
0nnual d 80, 000 deusands unavateèn , condetisnany Sea
Voviabl cast 500 pa cot,Cive ye daciston whather
mHomf by Als nnRusha uantik t is projtata
+o peduc Hatht than buy.
pu
 VC5
Ans
Annual
Estimatod Pemand
}ridi pectad demand

30000 X 30 Y000o 40 15 50000

20000x1b+

0000 X5

16 0000 t 50000 30 0000

000oD t 100000+
35 3450 00o

di R0 0 0000

15

BEP 2000
3 5000 0

Damand Efidi 33500o)

BEP40000
Fe 800 0
VC 5 / -

BEP 8000

5
BEP y000 0
wiu t h a pedud
dh combony
nduces a nw produet
Whun oganisadion
dmand PHeduct

when uchuation in
nd cet pHAgam
Value analyais
Value
atk invstment
Scoit undsfou
eun
f ds
additional pan
-:factos
Valuma art
brtduekien oH
9Lant
Cast anallais
UiUzation product mbaciy
TtHatson praduct kustam .
Avouabitty man uuen
Prodatien opatant
Fiud ceit ntial Snvastmant
uality and Meliakilibernds

AYOUT
faciti
Manyactwin
awean hausi distributien
9) Ratail dtibuuhan
) Publi Svvi facilitis
sAdmin'sh+tative Ofticu
) Toic wto dumb te

Needs fo&diy a uitobll Jecaten

Whun Honting anewu facto faeilit

Dwing theAnbaraion o edstine busins

RulscatBan 2uist ing lan togai tha unifit u
afanificant chang n test &trun
Changs n evetmunt oliis

Plant hcation
&ite locadion Wax hede tacadion
 factou alledinqplant decation
uwhet matuual And money,
Plant is plece mn

pteught gat he f m bteduci ht folleinq fa ctos

a l t he plant

olands8 fe teAn and Mods asd coss

)Avaliakilly
Land, Jand development
ANRaus maloual abowns
) Avaliakiléy inkuds
the same

o duce Jhe dNanskatadien Cost

1) Prtexinty malkaf

Jik
bu) Nacessilymodu avaltabla fax rtanspeutation facilrty
Harn Hdad etc
(V) Shbility e damand
institut ad bark
)Suoxtin Jacilitis like beLN ply nancial

i) uWaste dishasal
Covt uhad Aub CO Tau Attuaelua
Vii)
Hasnq atiuitios ond Jntorlainmun acili
d r a n mn u Qcadomic institution , 8ecuity
x)Traceability
Ovalia bl
X) Cultu o$eity ds ba favauablt
Prussnte oHeladive industny maa by
(Xil) Favauralble clinalit onditian
iv) Cultuval actax Janguaqa
) Ccenenmit taoilit COunty
V) Dasradable alicths
factar Affectir wWaste horna lecatyoan
Avaliabiity dand , cast qand
a)Potandial ultomaA
3) &tabilty dumand
Transhatatfen Jacitts
5 financioal Tnstitution
G) Govt ouppad and gart
3) Standand ivng
8) Secunity and D
"cultwe e 8eciuty
) Prusenu o} nalatid una hauss

ayaut
Praduudt layul Lina kagaut

Twun Drtiuing Boin

Gninding

e s washing Co

H u a trudmant
washinq oca

Insbection
)-
Cfan eu hat sprta Te- wash
watir and bruusn Sida wosh and brush

final rtinsa

) Hot bteur

Hond whand
CARan

enit
 In raduet BcUS atm t h aHanqamunt o facility is mado
that woks ,entrs 9uiment A ina Jk
dalend a ucifie
SaqLn a task It is also callud rteduet layout

Prtocoss ayat
In thisproces ha Mangamand facilutyis mads sa dhat we
antes a dapattmant au qaup togatha accordirq s ttai undonc
tyt s also kneun a s s t a s s a y u t Tn this
layeut dilkat
u wring machine (lathas a
eautd tethe in aátdien

devdmant and s an)

A 4ypital ecs daysut is shen boleuw

Malting wulding Hat thotmant

oHging
Sctio ng Actieh &uction
státin
Haur
Matuual Finished
Sto

. StaStaa
Twinir
AHindert Driuing
Tnshtien
Dapt
 e d Paftien Layaut

E
AF

E E
INS
tEngre Sdion
INS Jnstumant Stion
Ae At Ftn frama autien In
In this ten laysut he Ccmponert sPHeduet has f
laxaa
paai4ien that is (kapt at a cenviniornt plan in a l a t and tha tho
tayau
knallanas o the pReduct men and 9emat aXO a
wek
DHSught to ho Jaugat Ccombenurt otho dhuadh's ika
assaling ce hhis
i s ysu is Jnainby Nd in aHCxalt, a
Haiwoay wy an buildinq re3ue Vsal apbliahon
A
atc
uwrocaminax e d mnin, atc. machin

Advaritagas
Capital investment Jc loyaut i mninimum Spac
Gtruoter loabity duato tsdudt design.
N
ekis dan dhum &alveywm a
aticuax bRduCA and
Spat
fu a Sance JUbed taka & tttet Intuust 2n
orteecti
daina t h tak. mochin
A Ht dayat is aornba reduct And pacas loyeut. Sa
Combins th advantag bath Jayaut atam Sha ika
basice
pincipla
cambenerts, m
9 loyaut
lau "p
to
tdardi
idantit,
ptotiens
the farmlis poC
A pre.ceus and Sbac
moching3 Each Cempener A
Meducad at a
aci Spac
Coll
Spacs
 CLe 2)

Tuvrir
Mufr Drn
TnuenGrnding
DULn indin
Cau3(cemb-3)
nspdis Shabina fainting InsLthen
THeamun

cdhvJ minimise Sum ce

ansajdien nd wpmart is iscalltd a mul sbaetive

Jtuk Jhau dtian

4 t pduetien a , aincyand accac evatioh.

pla dign T eny naud spaa fer th asckand

machinss, thes a larhy t h a tamse aCon&fdoud hase

4 rtdn uleurg.
wcka stand GH a ha ti-tMarts

wen
n Lemtabl c a t tha maching
Spou machina Jakin nte censiduralisn th
th @VE hand
amien tha ova hand, tejetisn- v Making
mackins and lannet
tis teading machina
Spoca ev wok paics lusd.
te Aurrat
ik lena bawk fd
oiny ds e urce mataial andpHeduc
spnc
by weks
Spocs TsLia tcls and gupmand guirud
additional ttachmat and accassis ja and
and tha maehinu.
Jaua
Othe actoxs
aco toqurad mevement o matuial Jhandlin oqutamnt.
asy do Bal
dy tek h caso
0
Lasy aLcess t machine unshictax , manianante
abrticakion
p ,
pai Hpait eVionCA and mathin
Je machina feundahon
ingtalladion
3nd Module -
uloxk Audy -
Calld as doign
work dedgn
3 pa wok kudy o

Tab Study
Metfan &thdy Mthad Stud
uWaxk Meadutamen
/
Time Study
Nork Study