❑Pulse Width Modulation

❑ Also called Pulse Duration Modulation, samples of the message signal are used to vary the duration of the
individual pulses in the carrier.
❑ Modulation Technique
❑ Demodulation Technique
• The technique makes use of a comparator
❑ The signal spectrum
❑Pulse Position Modulation
Pulse Position modulation (PPM) : The position of a pulse relative to its unmodulated time of occurrence is
varied in accordance with the message signal.
❑ Modulation Technique
• We deal here with a type of pulse displacement (from a specified time reference), which is proportional of
sample-value of 𝑓 (𝑡). The used device is always triggered at tangling edge.
❑ PWM vs. PPM

• In PWM, long pulses expend considerable power while bearing no additional information. If this unused
power is subtracted, we get PPM, which makes PPM more efficient than PWM/PDM.
• Since in PPM system the transmitted information is contained in the relative positions of the modulated
pulses, the performance of the PPM receiver is largely susceptible to additive noise.