a M4 s E i a 3 Ps Gy ‘Suat GURCAN - Ridvan GORBUZ - Ergun KABAKGI-Ujur ALBAYRAK 7. Experiments performed by a French research institute have provided valuable insight into A) if providing experimental data for validating the model results is feasible how gases behave when accidentally released from high-pressure tanks that the fast release of the gas was called flashing conditions ‘which until now has been relatively neglected whether they should aim at developing solutions to generation gap problems. 8) ° >) £) 8. Once the world’s biggest telescope called the European-Extremely Large Tolescope has been built, == ‘A) itwas an explosive start to the construction of 8 telescope that will revolutionise astronomy 8) in an instant, the top of a high mountain was flattened, clearing the way for the Extremely Large Telescope C) twill alow astronomers to see deeper into ‘space than ever before We willbe able to look at their atmospheres ‘and compare them to the planets in our own solar system Dd) ) tits heart is a mirror measuring 40m across, transforming our view of deep space yet basic questions such as what causes It or how to diagnose it remain unanswered. ‘A) Alzheimer's disease is a growing burden around the world Further studies are now needed to identify precisely what is going wrong A global team of scientists searched through the DNA of more than 50,000 people in the hunt for clues ‘Sclentists have identified 11 new genes Closely linked to the onset of both Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease 8) °) Db) ) Genes form patterns that centre on the immune system and on how the body deals, with cholesterol MODADIL 10. Agricultural ecosystems will have to be ecologically sustainable to provide for future generations —, ‘A) although every person involved in the food system can play a role in ensuring a sustainable agricultural system whereas there are many practices commonly used by people working in sustainable agriculture '80 most food produced in the US is no longer {grown or raised on sustainable farms. Whether public awareness of the problems ‘caused by this model has grown rapidly ‘and the total sustainable production must be adequate for our increased numbers 8) ° o) e) 11. =, since some bacteria are very harmful or deadly to unborn babies. A) Bacterial cells contain separate, circular pieces of DNA called plasmids ‘Some viruses can live for a short time on ‘something lke a doorknob or countertop ‘The symptoms and severity of food poisoning vary, depending on which bacteria or virus has contaminated the food Pregnant women need to be especialy Careful to follow cooking directions on food packages Foodbome iliness is often caused by ‘consuming food contaminated by bacteria 8) °) D) 5) 12, Just as Earth's carly seafarers used the stars to navigate the oceans, ---. ‘A) cutiosity seems to have compelled seetaring at least 85,000 years ago it would take many centuries before global navigation at sea became possible latitude could be found relatively accurately Using celestial navigation ‘most sixteenth-contury charts were not very ‘accurate by modern standards ‘spacecraft use stars to maintain their bearings in space 8) ° D) 5) ws1 ws PN Test Ce te LY sorulan agagidaki pargaya gore covaplayinz. ‘The most common provess leading to language death is one in which a community of speakers ‘of one language becomes bilingual in another language, and gradually shifts allegiance to the second language until they cease to use theit original, heritage language, Ths is @ process of assimilation which may be voluntary or may be forced upon a population. Speakers of some languages, particularly regional or minority languages, may decide to abandon them based on economic or utilitarian grounds, in favour of languages regarded as having greater tity or prestige. This process is gradual and ‘can occur from either bottom-o-top oF top-to~ bottom. If there are only a few elderly speakers fof a language remaining, and they no longer tse that language for communication, then the language is effectively dead. A language that has reached such a reduced stage of use is generally ‘considered moribund. Once a language is no longer a native language—that i, ifn children are being socialsed into it as their primary language—the process of transmission is ended ‘and the language itself will not survive past the ‘current generation. MODADIL It. can be understood from the passage that 'A) governments in developing countries have {ried to promote language death to gain political ends B) attempts to slow or reverse language death re stil underway in many languages ‘moribund language is on the brink of extinction with only a few elderly speakers language death is usualy a sudden event, which mainly affects bilingual speakers E) the problem of language death is not as Important as the loss of biological diversity °c D) ItIs pointed out in the passage that speakers of one language ——. A) have difficulty learning another if they are not ‘competent in their own B) do not sound lke those of another when they ‘speak ‘can gradually replace it with another which they regard as more prestigious cause language death unless they are proficient in their own language ) will decide to learn another when they have a legitimate reason to do so co] D) Language death often occurs when --~. 'A)_ younger generations do not prefer using their = ative language outside their native land languages with a few speakers are wiped out by genocide, disease or natural disasters ‘no one writes any poems or songs using thelr heritage language ‘ population goes through a voluntary or enforced process of assimilation )arogion whee a language is spoken by 8 than force 8) c) ») of people is invaded by an enemywwrwamodadil.com ‘Suat GURCAN - Ridvan GURBUZ - Ergun KABAKG! - Ugur ALBAYRAK lari agagidaki pargaya gore cevaplayiniz. The Japanese goverment launched an initiative, Premium Friday, to increase weak consumer spending as it res to end its economic decline, ‘The campaign encourages people to leave their ‘work earlier by ether taking paid hours off or Using a flextime program. However, whether the ‘campaign will succeed remains to be seen, given ‘Japan's notorious workaholic nature. Actually, itis more likely to take time for the campaign to take root, Itis extremely important for both the ‘government and the private sector to create an ‘atmosphere where workers can leave early. The ‘government is also spearheading labor reforms to réBuce the long working hours common at ‘many Japanese firms to facilitate the effort to boost consumption. Meanwhile, many retailers and service-secior firms are trying to capltalize on the Premium Friday campaign by ealling on ‘consumers to spend more. Nevertheless, the Fesults might be disappointing in the short term, in light of two separate consumer surveys that both ‘suggest that about 60 percent of the respondents will simply use the campaign to relax at home. We learn from the passage that —, ‘A) Japan wants to give workers time off and increase consumer spending B) the campaign called Premium Friday will be initiated in other parts of the world ) itis not very hard to anticipate when the ‘campaign will reach its major objectives ) a great number of Japanese firms have an ‘atmosphere where workers can leave early E)_ Premium Friday has failed to help the Japanese government reverse its economic deciine MopaDiL. 5. The author of the passage suggests that —. ‘A)_ Premium Friday will help change the global economy as well as the Japanese economy 8) the government and the private sector should collaborate for the campaign to have an offect C) Japan's notorious workaholic nature will help the government to execute the campaign effectively D) many Japanese firms have flexible working hours, helping the campaign boost ‘consumption ) many retailers and service-sector firms hhave failed to understand the importance of Premium Friday 6. As suggested by two distinct consumer surveys, ~~. AA) the initiative was partly because of the suicide of a worker 8) virtually 130 Japanese companies have refused to join the campaign ©) workers can now leave work early every Friday to go shopping D) there is a possibilty that consumption will not increase as expected E)_many workers said they would not go to work (on Saturdays SY.)Ce te Y 1.3. sorulan agagidaki pargaya gore ‘covaplayinuz Did you know that many of the people who have ‘contributed to human achievement through the lars and sciences suffered from some sort of Iiness or disability? Let's start with one of the 20" ‘caniury's most important theoretical physicists, Albert Einstein. Einstein struggled with dyslexia, ‘a leaming disability that made solving even basic ‘math problems seem lke torture. Because his yslexia went undetected when he was a student, 12 was expelled from school for being “lazy" and a failure’. On top ofthat, he stuttered. He was Lnable to speak until he was three years old, and he was nine before he was able to start school. AAs for the painters Claude Monet and Pablo. Picasso, they both suffered from migraines. So did Van Gogh, although his real problems were ‘malnutrition, addiction, and xanthopsia, a visual Imparment that makes everything appear yellow = which explains the yellows that dominate his paintings. Let's not forget Agatha Christie, who was the author of many well-known detective novels. Christie suffered from a dyslexia-like learning disability, but her real problem was not discovered until long after her death: she had Arzheimer's. |. What was the real reason why Einstein was, believed to be “lazy” and “a failure” as a student? |A) He could not understand math. B) He did not study for the lessons. (©) He was suffering from dyslexia. D) He started schoo! late. E) He was unable to speak. MoDADIL. 2. Why did Van Gogh mainly use the color yellow in his paintings? |A)_ He sufflored from svere malnutrition which ‘eventually damaged his eyes. 8) He had a consdiion related to his sight that made things seem yellow to him C) The color yellow gave him inspiration and made him feel relaxed. D) His migraines would disappear when he looked at the color yellow. E) He was obsessed with the color yellow ‘without any reason, 3. What can be concluded from the passage? ‘A) People must suffer from an iliness or ) &) MODADIL 3. Which of the following can be understood from the passage? |A) Lie detector tests have only been around for a short period of ime. ‘There has been a lot of controversy about the lle detectors. Popular use by the public and the reality TV has diminished the reputation of lie detectors. Lie detector tests are ullized in workplaces for many different purposes. ‘There has been a decrease in crime rates ‘since the introduction of the lie detectors. 8) °) >) =)i & é A “ Ci wwrw.modadil.com ‘Suat GURCAN - Ridvan GURBUZ - Ergun KABAKCI- Uaur ALBAYRAK (4.6. soruian agagidaki pargaya gore ‘covaplayiniz. Deaths from asthma increased by 40 per cent in the US between 2007 and 2017, says the US Centres for Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta, The GDC reports that the frequency of asthma altacks and deaths from asthma is rising steadily In 2017, the most recent year for which statistics are available, 18.8 people out of avery 1 millon died of asthma, up from 13.4 per millon in 2007. ‘The CDC says worsening air pollution is probabiy ‘one cause of the increase, and points out that in 2017 63 per cent of Americans who had asthma, lived in areas that failed federal air quality standards. But the drive to make buildings more airtight, oten to improve energy efficiency, may explain part ofthe increase. Homes and aifices with draught-proofed windows not only keep out ‘cold air but also seal in dust mites, cat dander and other allergens. Which of the following is pointed out in the passage? A) Most cases of asthma among adults between 2007 and 2017 were work-related, B) The frequency of asthma attacks and deaths from asthma is falling gradually due to ‘modem building technology. ©) Air pollution and modem building technology may be to blame for the rise in the deaths {rom asthma, ) Constructing more airtight buildings may help reduce the frequency of asthma attacks, E) Deaths from asthma have substantially decreased in the United States during the last decade. 5. What can be concluded from the passage? ‘A) Homes and offices with draught-proofed windows may help decrease the frequency of asthma attacks. 8) Modem building technology may sometimes do more harm than good. ©) Air pollution is the only cause of the increase in the frequency of asthma attacks. D) Having a cat as a pet may help fight off allergens in houses and offices with draught- proofed windows. E)_ Improving energy efficiency is the best way to ‘enhance the federal air quality standards, ‘MopaDIL. 6. The passage mainly deals with —. ‘A) the increase in the deaths from asthma in the United States and possible solutions 8) how much asthma costs the United States in medical costs, lost school and work days ©) the improvements in energy efficiency and their effects in the United States 1D) the desire to construct more modem buildings to combat the problem of asthma in the United States ) the rise in the frequency of asthma attacks in the United States and its potential causes Q wsOKUMA PARGALARI ‘Since the beginning of human communication, A) the deaf started to think there was no point in sigenauaee has shana and xed Tearing a sign alphabet 5 ystom i 30e today. Inhuman istry Rue used smpo sigh 8) there were stil problems wit transmiting language fo express basic leas. Even when ideas in a clear and precise way vowal communication became the mainstream more oral commute cerned ©) peaple who had toute speaking ft tnd facil gstures fo convey ideas beter in ‘communication. When people were found to be D) deaf immigrant who were disappointed dealin ancient mes, rey were often persectted decided to established their own community ea er ee ee ae )_ body movements continued to be used for given the chance to work on creating a language. improving interactions. ‘This lasted until the 1500's, when Pedro Ponce de Leon, a Benedictine monk, created his own form of sign language to bypass his “vow of silence”. This form of sign language may have been then taught to deat children later on. In 1620, a Spanish priest, Juan Pablo Bonet wrote a sign language dictionary that outlined how to lear sign language and contained the first sign language alphabet. His sign language alphabet later influenced deaf communication when the frst schools for the deaf were opened. In ‘addition, an area called Martha's Vineyard was settled by about 200 immigrants who carried ) =) a a 8 = 2. Itcan be inferred from the passage that pharaohs --~. 1A). were successful miltary commanders B) seemed obsessed with their wealth (©) would ignore the probloms oftheir people D) id not want o be mami, bt hey has E)_ were believed to possess divine features 3, Itls understood from the passage that ~~. ‘A)_ Ancient Egypt were a prosperous society that were easy to rule the River Nile frequently flooded, bringing the ‘much-needed sit for farming younger pharachs were usually under the Influence of ther relatives pharaohs acted as a kind of mediator between their people and the gods the gods usually punished pharaohs when they did not treat their people well 8) ° >) e) ‘www.modadilcomwww.modadilcom Wl! ‘Suat GORCAN - Ridvan GURBOZ - Ergun KABAKC! - Ugur ALBAYRAK In the 1940's, the psychologist Rene Spitz studied ‘human babies isolated from thelr mothers. These ‘were the infants of women too poor to take care of their children, infants who had been placed Permanently in a foundling home. There, the children were kept in what Spitz called *soltary confinement,” placed in cribs with sheets hung from the sides so that the only thing the babies ‘could see was the celiing. Nurses seldom looked Inon them more than a few times a day. And even when feeding time came, the babies were left alone with just the companionship of a bottle. Hygiene in the homes was perfect, But without being held, loved, and woven into the fabric of a social web, the resistance of these babies was lowered. Thirty four out of 91 diod. In other founding homes, the death rate was even higher. In some, it climbed to a devastating 90%. Ahost of other studies have shown the same thing, Babies can be given food, shelter, warmth and hygiene, yet if they are not hold and stroked, they have an abnormal tendency to di. What can be concluded from the study ‘conducted by the psychologist Rene Spitz? ‘A) Solitary confinement may significantly improve the immune system of infants, B) Hygiene plays the most important role in the. early years of a human being, C) Solitary confinement might be life-threatening for babies, D) Too much physical interaction with a new- ‘bom baby puts its life in danger. ) The companionship of a bottle full of milk is ‘more than enough for a baby to survive, ‘Mopapit, 5. Which of the following best summarizes the passage? ‘A) Feeding a new-born baby at fxed intervals ‘would be enough for its survival. 8) Overprotection might result in higher death rates in foundiing homes. C) The nurses in the study done by psychologist Rene Spitz should have visited the babies. ‘more often, D) Infants placed in foundiing homes are likely to outlive their peers staying with their parents. ) Social interaction is as critical as physiological needs. 6. What could be the best title for the passage? ‘A) The Adverse Impact of Isolation on Infants B) The Life of Infants Bom to Poor Families ) Infants Placed in Foundling Homes D) The Future of Humanity and Isolation. E) The Most Suitable Environment for Infants1. OKUMA PARGALARI covaplayiniz. ‘The solt-driving future may be closer than you think. There are already plenty of autonomous ‘ears cruising the streets in the United States. And those fleets are expected to grow exponentially, with big companies promising to have tens of thousands of them on the road by 2025. These cars have been largely greeted with excited curiosity. But in the wake of a high-profile death in Arizona, new questions are being raised about their safely, and Both techles and regulators are being pressured to come up with some answers. ‘On Sunday, March 21, a woman named Elaine Herzberg was wheeling a bicycle across a two- lane road known as Mill Avenue in Tempe, Arizona, when she was struck by one of Uber's solf-drving cars, She was transported to the hospital, but ultimately died of her injuries. The tragic accident has many people asking vinat went wrong and who is responsible. There are: many outraged people demanding that someone take responsibilty for her death. Much is stil Unknown about the accident and Uberis currently cooperating with police as they continue to investigate. Which of the following is true about the accident in Tempe, Arizona? ‘A) The woman did not have time to get out of the way after seeing the car. B) There is an uncertainty about who will be held responsible for it ©) The victim was a 21 year-old woman Identified as Elaine Herzberg. D) The woman was immediately taken to a hospital where she underwent multiple operations. ) Many people blame Uber for it and the loss, of life. 2. One can understand from the passage that ‘autonomous cars -~. A) are a source of enormous profits for car manufacturers BB) stil require @ human driver behind the wheels atall times, ©) are a source of pride for the companies that produce them D) have caused many accidents, only a few of which were fatal ) could be more common on the roads sooner than believed MODADIL 3, What can be concluded from the passage? A) The safety of sel-) ) 3. Which of the following is true according to the passage? ‘A) The world will soon experience a new disaster wnose size wil war the sh Potato amine. ‘The potato had become an inferior erop in Ireland by the 18° century. ‘The British government's efforts to relieve the famine were adequate. Yields continued to massively under-perform for the next seven years after the famine struck. ‘The people of Ireland had high hopes for a ‘good potato harvest throughout the summ« 8) ° >) 5) ‘www.modadiLcom‘Suat GORCAN - Ridvan GURBUZ - Ergun KABAKCI - Ugur ALBAYRAK ‘Most historians date the beginning of the modern lvl rights movernent in the United States to December 1, 1955. That was the day when Rosa Parks, an unknown seamstress in Montgomery, Alabama refused to give up her bus seat to ‘white passenger. On that day, Rosa Parks boarded a bus. Instead of going to the back of the bus, which was designated for African Americans, she sat inthe front. When the bus started to fil up with white passengers, the bus driver asked Parks to move. She refused. She was arrested ‘and fined for violating the law. But her resistance ‘et in motion one of the largest social movements history. The bus incident ied to the formation of the Montgomery Improvement Association, The association called for a boycott of the cily-owned us company. The boycott lasted 381 days and brought Rosa Parks’ cause to the attention of the ‘world. Eventually, the Montgomery bus law under which Mrs. Parks had been fined was abolished ‘and racial segregation on public transportation was outlawed. One brave woman's lonely act of resistance began a movement that ended legal ‘segregation in America, and made Rosa Parks an inspiration to freedom-ioving people everywhere, What happened to Rosa Parks when she refused to give up her seat in the bus? A) She was arrested and given a fine, 8) The bus driver kicked her out of the bus. ©) White passengers got into an argument with her. D) Other passengers tried to defend her. E) She was beaten and severely injured. 5. According to the pas: a result of the events started by Rosa Park's resistance in the bus ‘A) Aftican Americans gained all ofthe rights that others enjoy B) the designated place for African Americans ‘was moved the front of the bus ©) several others boycotts erupted across ‘America, calling for equal rights D) the law that discriminates people on racial basis on public transportation was abolished E)_ women began to be respected more than ‘ever before MODADIL 6. The passage is mainly about —, ‘A) the difficulties faced by Aftican Americans in the United States B) how the Montgomery bus boycott affected the company C) the discrimination of African Americans in Public transportation 1D) how one woman triggered the civil rights movement E)_ Why Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat for a white person cy)Cet MN te = Dropping out of high school, thatis, leaving school without graduating, & a central ‘educational issue in almost al industrialized ‘countries, although large differences between ‘educational systems make cross-national or ‘cross-cultural comparisons problematic. Since the beginning of the 1970s, the dropout rates in the industrialized countries have remained relatively stable at botween 5 and 10 percent. There is broad international agreement that dropping ‘out increases the risk of subsequent criminal behaviour and drug abuse, lower occupational ‘and economic prospects, lower lifetime earings, ‘and becoming a member of the underclass. Furthermore, dropping out increases the bility of lower lovels of mental and physical health. Against the backdrop ofall these negative ‘consequences, sociological, educational, and psychological researchers have investigated the reasons for dropping out. The reasons Identified can be classified as school-related, family-based, or personal. Rosearchers agree that the risk of dropping out begins to develop ‘early in a student's life and that intervention programs to prevent dropout should therefore be initiated at an early age. Prevention programs involving counselling sessions on topics such as ‘motivation, academic problems, career goals, and study habits can help reduce dropout rates. MopaDIL What is emphasized by the author of the passage? ‘A) Prevention programs involving counseling ‘sessions on topies such as career goals may backfire. ‘The major causes of the dropped out students is the negligence of their parents, Dropped out students seldom experience ) =) A 8) °) o) e) 2. We learn from the passage that ~~. large differences between educational systems facilitate making cross-national ‘comparisons the dropout rates in the industrialized ‘countries have steadily increased since the early 1970 leaving school without graduating has nothing to do with drug abuse or criminal behaviour there is still controversy among researchers when the risk of dropping out starts to appear dropping out of high schoo! may lead to a higher probability of lower mental and physical health 3, What is the passage mainly concerned with? Psychological approaches to dropping out of high school in industrlaised countries. ‘Afundamental educational concer for most industrialised countries ‘The economics effects of dropping out of high schoo! in industrialised countries ‘Solutions offered by educationalists to the problem of leaving high school without graduating ‘Main reasons for dropping out of high schoo! in most industrialised nations wwwanodadil.comwT! |. What can be understood from the passage Suat GURCAN - Ridvan GURBOZ - Ergun KABAKGI - Ujur ALBAYRAK sgagidakl pargaya gore ‘Aboriginal peoples, or aborigines, are groups ‘of people who have lived in one area for many thousands of years. The Australian Aborigines are probably the best-known aboriginal society. ‘They came to Australia more than 40,000 years ago. They stil lve there today. Australian Aborigines were originally hunter-gatherer tribes that moved from place to place to find food and water. They lived in caves or built short-term sholters from branches, bark, and animal skins, ‘The men fished and hunted for animals. The women gathered piants, eggs, and other food. ‘The Aborigines’ lives changed when Europeans arrived in Australia more than 200 years ago. The Europeans forced the Aborigines to move off thoir land and to change their way of life. Many ‘Aborigines died defending their land. Many others died from diseases brought by the Europeans, ‘Today Aborigines live in all parts of Australia and do all kinds of work. But many Aborigines are poor. They do not have the same opportunities as ‘most other Australians, mopait, about the Australian Aborigines? ‘A) They put up a tremendous fight against the Europeans, repelling them from thelr land, B) They stick to their traditions and the way their ancestors lived, C) They constantly invaded the lands of other tribes in search of food and water. D) They are seen as equals today to Australians of European ancestry. E) They still exist, but they had to change their litestytes, 5. According to the passage, the arrival of Europeans in Australia ‘A) was intially welcomed by Aborigines B) was insignificant to Aborigines at the time ©) made Aborigines see that they were primitive D) started a war that lasted for more than 200 years E)__marks a turing point in the history of Aborigines 6. The Europeans’ attitude towards the Aborigines can be described as —~, A) indifferent 8) hostile ©) favourable D) tolerant E) impartial1 7,3. sorulan agagidakl pargaya g6re 2 cevaplayiniz. Several languages, natural or deliberately constucted, have been Used to faciiato ‘communications among peoples with different native languages. From time to ime, differant natural languages have beon used as universal Tongues. Asa result of conquest or colonialism, conquered nations have been forced to abandon thalr own languages or have gradually adopted the language ofthe conqueror convorsaly, occupying forces have often gradually assimilated tho languages ofthe conquered, as was the tea ofthe Normane in England. In other eases, peoples neighbouring on a commercially, ‘culturally or poltically dominant nation have voluntary although vsualy only pally, adopted the language ofthat nation as auxiliary to thei town. By such means, the Latin Languago came Closest ofa native languages to becoming a {ruy unvorsal tmgue. Simiary, French fom the {8 tothe 19" century and English Inthe 20" century enjoyed relative universally in diplomatic, Sciontie, and commercial circles. Other attempts at universal means of communication have boon made by simplifying existing languages: an example of the last is Basic English, devised between 1925 and 1930, However, the use of living native languages as a universal language has generally proved tobe impractcablo because of difficulties in learning them or because of fatonaliste prejudeos. MopaDIL Which of the following is true according tothe | 3. passage? ‘A)_ Several languages have been deliberately ‘constructed as a result of colonialism. B) Awidely spoken ving native language will ‘soon become the universal language of the ‘whole world. ©) Anation or a community may adopt another language eagerly or by force. D) Scientific circles have attempted to construct artificial languages to promote their ideals. E) tis natural to face challenges while learning a foreign language. OKUMA PARGALARI ‘The author mentions the case of the Normans as an example so as to -—-. ‘A) show that an international language can be artificial 'B) provide information about the deliberate ‘construction a universal language C) demonstrate that the language of the defeated might be progressively absorbed by the conqueror Dy imply that the language of the conquered ‘could be difficult for the conqueror to master E) suggest that an intemational language would affect our diversity as a species We learn from the passage that —. ‘A) nationalistic prejudices may help a living language be accepted as a universal one B)_many nations adopted Latin as a second language because of an influential neighbour ) there are some obvious reasons why ‘multinational companies want a universal language the fact that Basic English is the global language of science is not likely to change anytime soon E) simplifying existing languages is the best ‘option to construct a universal language D)Cet} Hil! Suat GORCAN - Ridvan GURBUZ - Ergun KABAKCI - Ugur ALBAYRAK sorulart agagidakl parg: covaplayin ‘Tho British founded America’s original thirteen Colonies, so they should be speaking in the same dialect, right? But that's not the case, and there is'a puzzling difference in the way people in each country talk. Stil, Americans and Brits both speak English, so why don't they sound the same ‘when they talk? The “American English" we know ‘and use today firs started out as an "England English’ accent, According to a linguist at the ‘Smithsonian Institute, Americans began putting their own spin on English pronunciations just one {generation after the colonists started arriving in the New World, An entire ocean away from their former homeland, they became increasingly isolated trom "England English’ speakers, ‘They also came in more contact with foreign languages, those of the Native Americans and ‘other settlers from Sweden, Spain, France, and the Netherlands. Both factors eventually led to ‘changes in Americans’ vocabulary and grammar, creating a new English dialect, It can be inferred from the passage that —-, ‘A) the Brits were furious to learn that Americans started changing thelr language 8) the Native Americans convinced British Settlers to use thelr own version of English ) Britain had to go to war against the colonists in America D) Americans see their dialect as a way of distancing themselves from the Brits ) distance betwoen America and Britain played a role in the emergence of American English 8. Why does the author say that Americans and Brits “should be speaking in the same dialect?” ‘A) The two countries have very close poltical and economic tes, B) There should be a universally accepted dialect of English ©) American colonies were initially established by the British, D) They had an agreement specifically saying that there must be only one version of English E) They could understand each other without any problems, MopabiL 6. The main purpose of the text is to ‘A) show the difference in pronunciation between ‘American and British English 8) explain why American English came to be different from the British English ) prove that American English is superior to. British English ) compare the differences between American English and British English E) describe the new characteristics of British English a “= Hittite mythology, lke Hitite religion, represents a ‘combination of elements that reflect the diversity fof cults within the empire. Of special interest are ‘certain epic poams containing myths, originally Hurrian with Babylonian motifs. These myths deal with several successive generations of ‘gods Who ruled the universe and with a monster ‘who challenged the rule of the last king of the: ‘gods. They are similar to Greek myths contained in the Theogony by the Greek poet Hesiod and may have been their prototypes. How the ‘myths might have reached Greece is not clear, but itis possible they were transmitted during the Mycenaean ascendancy in Greece (1400- 4200 CE). Mycenaean Greeks are known to have been in western Anatolia then and to have traded with Hitite-held Syria. Hittite records refer to contacts between Hitite rulers and those of the kingdom of Ahhiyawa, which some scholars identify with the country of the Achaeans. Whether or not Hilite cultural elements were transmitted abroad, many of them survived in ‘Anatolia until the frst Roman penetration into ‘Asia Minor in 190 BCE. MODADIL ‘Which of the following is true according to the passage? |A). Some Hittite cultural elements might have been transmitted through trade. Mycenaean Greeks had tremendous impact fon the economic aspects of the Hittite society, Greek myths dealing with several gods and ‘goddesses substantially influenced Hittite myths. ‘Mycenaean Greeks were at odds with Hittites ‘and thus invaded Syria How Hittite myths reached Greece is no longer a mystery. 8) 9 >) 5) Oe Ue Y 2, What can be concluded from the passage? A) 8) °) D) =) 8) °) 1) e) Hittite rulers despised Mycenaean Greeks for thelr success in trade, Hittite mythology represents the uniformity ‘among the societies within the empire. Hittite cuttural components proved to be long- lasting as well as influential. ‘The Greek post Hesiod influenced the content and development of Hitite myths. ‘The trade between Mycenaean Greeks and Hittites obstructed the spread of Hittite mythology. 3. What could the best title for the passage? Sy ‘The Tremendous Influence of Greeks on Hittites ‘The Role of Mythology in Hitite Society ‘The Clash between Hittites and Greeks ‘The Far-reaching Effects of Hitite Mythology ‘The Origin and Creation of Hittite Mythology j | i