Suat GURCAN - Ridvan GURBUZ - Ergun KABAKGI- Ujur ALBAYRAK 7. Experiments performed by a French research Institute have provided valuable insight into AA) if providing experimental data for validating the model results is feasible how gases behave when accidentally ‘eloased from high-pressure tanks that the fast release of the gas was called flashing conditions which until now has been relatively neglected Whether they should aim at developing Solutions to generation gap problems. 8) oC) Db) 5) 8. Once the world’s biggest telescope called the European-Extremely Large Telescope has been built, ——. ‘A) itwas an explosive start to the construction of ‘a telescope that will revolutionise astronomy inn instant, the top of a high mountain was flattened, clearing the way for the Extremely Large Telescope ‘twill allow astronomers to see deeper into space than ever before ‘we will be able to look at their atmospheres: ‘and compare them to the planets in our own, solar system at its heart is a mirror measuring 40m across, transforming our view of deep space 8) ° D) 5) 8. =, yet basic questions such as what causes it or how to diagnose it remain unanswered. A) Alzheimer's disease is a growing burden ‘around the world Further studies are now needed to identify precisely what is going wrong A global team of sclentists searched through the DNA of more than 60,000 people in the hhunt for clues. Scientists have identified 11 new genes ) 5) ex have diffculty learning another if they are not competent in their own do not sound like those of another when they ‘speak ‘can gradually replace it wth another which they regard as more prestigious cause language death unless they are proficient in their own language will decide to leam another when they have a legitimate reason to do so 3. Language death often occurs when —-. a) 8) eC) >) &) younger generations do not prefer using their ~~~ hati language outside their native land languages witha few speakers are wiped out by genocide, disease or natural disasters 1no one writes any poems or songs using their heritage language 2 population goes through a voluntary or enforced process of assimilation 1 region where a language is spoken bya handful of people is invaded by an enemy‘Suat GURCAN - Ridvan GURBOZ - Ergun KABAKG! - Ugur ALBAYRAK ‘sorulan agagidaki parcaya gére The Japanese government launched an initiative, Premium Friday, to increase weak consumer spending as it ries to end its economic dectine, The campaign encourages people to leave their ‘work earlier by ether taking paid hours off or Using a flextime program. However, whether the ‘campaign will succeed remains to be seen, given Japan's notorious workaholic nature, Actually, itis more likely to take time for the campaign to take root. Itis extremely important for both the ‘government and the private sector to create an atmosphere where workers can leave early. The ‘government is also spearheading labor reforms to rétiuce the long working hours common at ‘many Japanese firms to facilitate the effort to boost consumption. Meanwhile, many retailers and service-sector firms are trying to capitalize fon the Premium Friday campaign by calling on Consumers to spend more. Nevertheless, the Fesults might be disappointing in the short term, in light of two separate consumer surveys that both ‘suggest that about 60 percent of the respondents. will simply use the campaign to relax at home, We learn from the passage that —, ‘A)_ Japan wants to give workers time off and increase consumer spending 8) the campaign called Premium Friday will be initiated in other paris of the world ©) itis not very hard to anticipate when the ‘campaign will reach its major objectives: D) a great number of Japanese firms have an ‘atmosphere where workers can leave early E) Premium Friday has failed to help the Japanese government reverse its economic decline ‘A)_ Premium Friday will help change the global ‘economy as well as the Japanese economy 'B) the government and the private sector should collaborate for the campaign to have an effect C) Japan's notorious workaholic nature will help the government to execute the campaign cffectively D) many Japanese firms have flexible working hours, helping the campaign boost ‘consumption ) many retailers and service-sector firms have failed to understand the importance of Premium Friday MopaDiL. 6. As suggested by two distinct consumer initiative was partly because of the Suicide of a worker 8) viualy 130 Japanese companies have refused to jin the campaign CC) workers can now leave work early every Friday to go shopping ) there is a possibilty that consumption wil not increase as expected E)_many workers said they would not go to work (on Saturdays.covaplayunz. Did you know that many of the people who have ‘contributed to human achievement through the ats and sciences suffered from some sort of iiness or disability? Let's start with one of the 20" century's most important theoretical physicists, Albert Einstein. Einstein struggled with dyslexia, ‘a learning disabilty that made solving even basic math problems seer lke torture. Because his dyslexia went undetected when he was a student, he was expelled from school for being "lazy" and a failure’. On top of that, he stuttered. He was tunable to speak until he was three years old, and he was nine before he was able to start school. {As for the painters Claude Monet and Pablo Picasso, they both sutfered from migraines. So did Van Gogh, although his real problems were ‘malnutrition, addiction, and xanthopsia, a visual Impairment that makes everything appear yellow = which explains the yellows that dominate his paintings. Let's not forget Agatha Christie, who was the author of many well-known detective novels. Christie suffered from a dyslexia-ike Jeaming disablity, but her real problem was not discovered unti long after her death: she had Alzheimer's. |. What was the real reason why Einstein was, believed to be “lazy” and “a failure” as a student? ‘A) He could not understand math. B) He did not study for the lessons. (©) He was suffering from dyslexia. D) He started schoo! late. E) He was unable to speak. Ce eV Y 2. Why did Van Gogh mainly use the color yeliow in his paintings? a) 8) °) ») =) ‘MODADIL. A) 8) Co ») ®) He suffered from severe malnutrition which ‘eventually damaged his eyes. He had a condition related to his sight that ‘made things seem yellow to him. “The color yellow gave him inspiration and made him fee! relaxed. His migraines would disappear when he looked at the color yellow. He was obsessed with the color yellow without any reason. 3. What can be concluded from the passage? People must suffer from an iliness or disabilty to make even the slightest contribution to humanity. Early detection of Alzheimer's was crucial in the treatment of the disease. liiness or disability does not necessarily prevent human achievement in arts and ‘sciences. Many famous people were appreciated after ‘they passed away. Painters create their best works when they suffer from migraines,EH 6 H Fy ; Hy 5 5 ‘Suat GURCAN - Ridvan GORBOZ - Ergun KABAKG! - Ujur ALBAYRAK sorulani agagidakl pargaya gore covaplayinrz. Cannibalism is the eating of one’s own kind. Of the 75 mammalian species known to eat members of the same species, three are higher primates: chimpanzees and gorilas, and ‘humans ~ usually under conditions of social or environmental stress. Among these species, although there are various opportunities and ‘temptations to engage init, the cannibalism is rare. This suggests a biologically-based aversion that may have evolutionary utility. Many cultures. have formulated this aversion as a taboo, or {as an attitude which regards the behavior as Unthinkable or faintly ridiculous. in most cultures Where cannibalism was insttutionalized, the element of taboo appeared in the guise of restrictions on the practice of cannibalism: the ‘categories of persons eligible to eat and be eaten. In societies in which cannibalism was ‘@ component of initiation into a religious cult (oF secret society, it was frequently the very act of violating the taboo and overcoming the fear ‘associated with cannibalism that provided the element of ordeal common in such initiation rituals, The author emphasizes in the passage that ‘A) higher primates such as chimpanzees and gorillas apparently lack the chance or desi to resort to cannibalism 'B) the body of a dead person was ritually eaten by his relatives in the past ©) the consumption uf particular portions or ‘organs was a ritual means by which certain ualities of the person eaten might be obtained 1D) human meat is a surprisingly low source of Calories compared to other red meat E) even in societies where cannibalism was institutionalised, its practice was restricted MODADIL 5. We lear from the passage that —. ‘A) cannibalism was institutionalized in most Cultures so as to survive dificult times some time ago B) the scarcity of cannibalism among higher primates can be explained from an ‘evolutionary perspective ©) fearing cannibalism might be one of the requirements to be admitted to a secret society ) cannibals were usually excluded from thelr ‘own communities since they violated a religious taboo E)_ human beings refrain from cannibalism though they are biologically inclined to engage in it 6. The passage is mainly concerned with —, ‘A) the rapid spread of cannibalism across the globe B) a historical survey of cannibalism among mammals C) genetic studies on cannibalism among primates D) cannibalism and its perception as taboo E) mammalian species that depend on cannibalism1 = Because theatre is an old art from, like dance ‘and music, and goes back to a time before writing and other documentation, it cannot be ‘leariy explained In terms of its origins. Yet there ‘are various theories about how theatre came ‘about, and such theories help us define the art form itself. Some critics believe that theatre ‘was a natural progression from storytelling. In prehistoric societies, usually there were priests, shamans, tribal leaders, or other figures of authority who told stories aloud at some sort of ‘gathering, To move from one person story to a handful of actors showing a story is logical step and might have been the manner which theatre began. Other scholars argue that theatre grew out of ritual. A ritual is a ceremony of sorts that is planned, performed, and repeated ‘80 that spectators or participants become familiar with its words and movements. When this is done by performers before an audience, itis very close {0 theatre. Therefor, itis believed that rituals led to theatre since both involve performers, Sear, and ory anon in.a specified lace. It Is understood from the passage that —. |A) the idea of a shift from telling a story to acting itmakes sense ) rituals were performed by priests, shamans ‘and tribal leaders ©) audience used to play @ more important role in early theatre 1D) gathering around a fire and engaging storytelling grew out of necessity ) theatre as an art form contributed to the storytelling OKUMA PARGALARI 2. Why is It dificult to pinpoint the exact origin of theatre? A) Itresembies other art forms like dance and music. been destroyed. €) te main purpose has kept changing inthe course of time. a ) twas a kind of private tual hat were secretly cared out ) Itemerged when there was no writen language. mopapiL. 3, The main purpose of the author is to —-. ‘A) compare theatre with rituals and storytelling B) explain why storytelling slowly turned into theatre as we know today C) provide example for the different kinds of thaatras ) ofiticize scholars arguing theatre has ‘something to do with rituals E) discuss the theories related to the origins of theatre B) All the records from prehistoric societies haveCree) Suat GORCAN - Ridvan GURBUZ - Ergun KABAKG! - Ujur ALBAYRAK ‘sorulari agagidaki pargaya gore layinuz. ‘The three Punic Wars between Carthage and Rome took place over nearly a century, beginning Jn 264 B.C. and ending with the destruction of Carthage in 146 B.C. By the time the First Punic War broke out, Rome had become the dominant power throughout the italian peninsula, while Carthage ~ a powerful city-state in northern ‘Africa ~ had established itself as the leading maritime power in the world. The First Punic War broke out in 264 B.C. when Rome interfered in ‘a dispute on the Carthaginian-controlled island of Sicily; the war ended with Rome in control of both Sicily and Corsica and marked the empire's ‘emergence as a naval as well as a land power. In the Second Punic War, the great Carthagini general Hannibal invaded Italy and gained great, Victories at Lake Trasimene and Cannae before his eventual defeat at the hands of Rome's Scipio Africanus in 202 B.C. left Rome in control of the ‘western Mediterranean and much of Spain. In the Third Punic War, the Romans, led by Scipio the Younger, captured and destroyed the city ‘of Carthage in 146 B.C., turing Aftica into yet another province of the mighty Roman Empire. ‘According to the passage, Hannibal —. ‘A) defeated Rome twice though Rome emerged 1s victorious at the end B) tried to stop Rome's invasion of Carthage ) ®) mopabiL. 3. Which of the following can be understood from the passage? 'A) Lie detector tests have only been around for 1a short period of time. ‘There has been a lot of controversy about the lie detectors, Popular use by the public and the reality TV has diminished the reputation of lle detectors. Lie detector tests are utiized in workplaces for many different purposes. ‘There has been a decrease in crime rates since the introduction of the lie detectors. 8) c) Dd) &)é — 2 i) ‘Suat GURCAN - Ridvan GURBUZ - Ergun KABAKGI- Ugur ALBAYRAK ‘agagidaki pargaya gére Deaths from asthma increased by 40 per cent in the US between 2007 and 2017, says the US Centres for Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta, ‘The CDC reports that the frequency of asthma allacks and deaths from asthma Is tising steadily. {In 2017, the most recent year for which statistics are available, 18.8 people out of every 1 milion died of asthma, up from 13.4 per milion in 2007. ‘The CDC says worsening air pollution is probabiy ‘one cause of the increase, and points out that in 2017 63 per cent of Americans who had asthma lived in areas that falled federal air quality standards. But the drive to make buildings more airtight, often to improve energy efficiency, may explain part of the increase. Homes and offices with draught-proofed windows not only keep out Cold air but also seal in dust mites, cat dander Which of the following is pointed out in the passage? ‘A) Most cases of asthma among adults between 2007 and 2017 were work-related, B) The frequency of asthma attacks and deaths from asthma is falling gradually due to ‘modem building technology. ©) Air pollution and modem building technology ‘may be to blame for the rise in the deaths from asthma. ) Constructing more airtight buildings may help reduce the frequency of asthma attacks, E) Deaths from asthma have substantially decreased in the United States during the last decade. MopaDIL. 5. What can be concluded from the passage? A) 8) °) Dd) 2) Homes and offices with draught-proofed windows may help decrease the frequency of asthma attacks, ‘Modern building technology may sometimes ‘do more harm than good, Air pollution is the only cause of the increase in the frequency of asthma attacks, Having a cat as a pet may help fight off allergens in houses and offices with draught- proofed windows. Improving energy efficiency is the best way to enhance the federal air quality standards, 6. The passage mainly deals with —~. A) 8) °) D) E) the increase in the deaths from asthma in the United States and possible solutions. ‘how much asthma costs the United States in ‘medical costs, lost school and work days the improvements in energy efficiency and their effects in the United States the desire to construct more modern buildings to combat the problem of asthma in the United States the rise in the frequency of asthma attacks in the United States and its potential causes wmy OKUMA PARGALARI sgabidaki parcaya gore ‘Since the beginning of human communication, sign language has changed and evolved into the system that people see today. Early in human history, humans used sim language to express basic ideas. Even when ‘vocal communication became the mainstream form of interaction, people would sill use hand and facial gestures to convey ideas better in ‘communication. When people were found to be ear in ancient times, they were often persecuted {and mistreated; therefore, deaf people were not diven the chance to work on creating a language. ‘This lasted untl the 1500's, when Pedro Ponce ) .) to use vocal communication as the main form ‘of interaction =~. A) leaming a sign alphabet there were stil problems with transmitting ideas in a clear and precise way ‘people who had trouble speaking felt more Isolated 8) °) D) deaf immigrant who were disappointed decided to established their own community E) bodily movements continued to be used for Improving interactions mopabiL. 3. Which of the following could be the best title for the passage? A) The Beginnings of Human Communication ) Early Development of Sign Language C) The First Schoo! forthe Deaf D) Persecution of the Deaf in Ancient Times ) The Ban on Sign Language inthe Mido Ages 2. According to the passage, after people started the deaf started to think there was no point in ‘worwmodadil.com Hl!Suat GORCAN - Ridvan GORBOZ - Ergun KABAKGI- Ujur ALBAYRAK igagidaki parcaya gore The hand an individual comes to prefer is determined, in part, genetically, but this does not ‘mean, for example, that two right-handed parents Cannot have a lefi-handed child, or the reverse, Besides, the precise mechanisms by which genes affect handedness are stil unknown. During the birth process, the region of the brain controlling the hand is sometimes damaged, so that a child ‘who would have been right-handed without such damage becomes left-handed, Moreover, social Pressures have had a considerable effect on handedness. A few decades ago in the U.S.,. Using the left hand for writing was strongly discouraged, and only 2 percent of the population wrote with the left hand. Indeed, only in recent years has society become sufficiently tolerant Of differences among people to accept let- handedness as a benign trait. Left-handers are, of course, no more awkward than right-handers; any awkwardness or psychological disturbances observed in left-handers in the past could well be attributed to the problems that were created for ‘them by an intolerant society. What can be understood from the last. sentence of the passage? A) Right-handers could be more awkward than left-handers if they lived in a lefthanded wortd. B) Tolerance would not be enough to help solve any awkwardness observed in lefthanders, C) Leftchanded people were forced by circumstance in the past to look as if they were awlewaed D) Psychological disturbances observed in let- handers had nothing to do with intolerant societies. E) The awkwardness displayed by left-handed people resulted in intolerant societies. MopaDIL. 5. According to the passage, what Is true about handedness? ‘A) Two left-handed parents can never have a right-handed child, B) We can explain all the mechanisms involved in the formation of lefthandedness. ©) Without a damage to the region of the brain controling the hand, all children would be right-handed. D) Apart from genetics, physical injury may also be involved in the formation of left- handedness. E)_ Using the left hand for writing is particularly encouraged today across the world, 6. What is the purpose of the passage? ‘A) To show that lef-handers have an inherent advantage in using tools designed for right- anders. 8) To present the mechanisms involved in the formation of lef-handedness and its ‘consequences, ©) To criticise lefthanded people for being awkward in social situations D) To focus on the hardships faced by the left- handers in a right-handed dominated world E) To demonstrate how originally left-handed people are forced to become right-handed ws1 OKUMA PARGALARI ae Charles Dickens was one of the most famous English writers of the 1800s whose books are stil popular today. Although his books are often very funny, they show many of the difficulties of living in his ime. Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812, in Portsmouth, England. His, family moved to London in 1822. The Dickens family often had money problems. Therefore, Charles had to leave schoo! for a while to work in ‘a factory. He later wrote about the dificult working conditions he experienced. Dickens finished ‘school for good at age 15 and went to work. He ‘wrote stories and articles for magazines and ewspapers as well as many famous books. His first novel, The Pickwick Papers, was published in 1837. Olver Twist (1838) tells the story of an ‘orphan boy in London, A Christmas Carol (1843) became one of the most popular Christmas stories of alltime. Another novel, called David (1850), was based partly on Dickens’ childhood. In many of his later books, Dickens ‘wrote about social problems that worried him. For ‘example, his book Hard Times (1854) is about problems faced by factory workers. In hs later years, Dickens started to write less as he had {grown tired of writing. He published A Tale of Two Cos in 1859, which is a novel about the French Revolution. Great Expectations was published {fom 1860 to 1861. Chaves Dickans ced on June , 1870. Its understood from the passage that Charles Dickens —. A) Is underrated as a writer B) imitated famous writers of his time ©) touctrod on social issues in his books 1D) was the son of a wealthy family E) received a good education MODADIL 2. According to the passage, the book David ‘Copperfield. ‘A) Is recommended for children ofall ages B) was written a long time after Great Expectations was finished ©) is based on an orphan magician who lived in London D) received harsh crticzed for ignoring the problems of factory workers E) is inspired, to some extent, by Charles. Dickens's childhood 3. Which of the following is true about the books ~~" of Charles Dickens? A) They usually have a funny tone, but depict the hardships of life atthe time. B) They center around one main characters, presenting tne events from hisimer eyes. ©) They are based on true stories, all of which Dickens himself experienced. D) They were written for financial reasons as Dickens owed a huge debt. E) They have won various awards before and after Charles Dickens died.Suat GORCAN - Ridvan GORBOZ - Ergun KABAKC! - Ugur ALBAYRAK 4,6. sorulan agagidakl pargaya gore layin. Death Valley is the lowest, hottest, and driest point in North America, located in south-eastern California, in the United States. It got its name because of the hardships faced by settlers ‘attempting to cross the valley. Tha valley Is about 225 kilometers long and 6 to 26 kilometers wide, The lowest point in the valley lies 86 meters below sea level. Not far away towers Mount ‘Whitney, the highest point in the continental United States. Itis 4,418 meters above sea level. ‘Summer daytime temperatures in the valley often Teach 50° C in the shade. Winter temperatures. rarely fall to freezing. The average annual rainfall is only about 50 milimeters. Despite the extreme ‘conditions, Death Valley is home to a variaty of, plants and animals. The plants include saligrass, Cacti, and desert wildflowers, Animals include lizards, rabbits, kangaroo rats, coyotes, and bobcats. The largest animal is the desert bighorn sheep. For many years Death Valley was litle known except to the Panamint Indians who lived inthe area before the Europeans came. Few People visited the area until the 1870s. At that time, gold was discovered in the surrounding ‘mountains. Death Valley's extreme environment ‘now attracts tourists and scientists. It was made a national park in 1994. Its clearly stated in the passage that — ‘A) ving things cannot survive the conditions in Death Valley BB) the discovery of gold in Death Valley transformed the area ©) Death Valley was mostly unknown unti the arrival of Europeans D) there were calls for making Death Valley a national park before 1994 E) itis possible to experience freezing ‘temperatures throughout winter MopADiL 5. How did the Death Valley get its name? ‘A) Many people who settied in the valley lost their lives, B) There is a considerable difference between tho lowest and highest temperature inthe y. C) tis not suitable for ite with its extreme conditions. D) Settlers attempted to cultivate the land there, but nothing grew up. E)_Itposed challenges for people who tried to {90 through. 6. The underlined word ‘annual’ in the passage is closest in meaning to ~~. A) maximum 8) acceptable ©) tow D) yearly ) Innovative1-3, sorulan agagidaki parcaya gore covaplayin. ANorth American community with a unique ‘and traditional agricultural way of life in spite of the influences of modern industrial society, the Amish are a rural conservative community, ‘whose skil in farming is exemplary and praiseworthy. The name Amish is derived from ‘Jakob Amman, a Swiss bishop, who insisted that discipline within the church be maintained by exclusion, which required the faithful people {0 avoid those expelled from the community. ‘Therefore, conventional social relationships with the excommunicated or expelled, such as eating at the same table, buying and seling, were forbidden. The Amish, subject to persecution in Europe, migrated in the 18" century to Pennsyivania, The most conservative, also known as Old Order Amish, dress in a severely plain style, using hooks and eyes instead of buttons to fasten thelr clothes. They ride in horse- ) Were successful military commanders ‘seemed obsessed with their wealth ‘would ignore the problems oftheir people 4 not want io be muri, but hey had E) were believed to possess divine features 3. It ls understood from the passage that —. ‘A)Anciont Egypt were a prosperous society that were easy t0 rule the River Nile frequently looded, bringing the ‘much-needed sil for farming younger pharaohs were usually under the Influence of their relatives pharaohs acted as a kind of mediator between their people and the gods the gods usually punished pharaohs when they did not treat their people well 8) °) Db) e)‘Suat GURCAN - Ridvan GURBUZ - Ergun KABAKG! - Ugur ALBAYRAK ae In the 1940's, the psychologist Rene Spitz studied ‘human babies isolated from their mothers. These ‘were the infants of women too poor to take care of their children, infants who had been placed permanently in a founding home. There, the children were kept in what Spitz called “solitary confinement,” placed in cribs with sheets hung from the sides so that the only thing the babies could see was the celling. Nurses seldom looked in on them more than a few times a day. And ‘even when feeding time came, the babies were left alone with just the companionship of a bottle. Hygiene in the homes was perfect. But without bbeing held, loved, and woven into the fabric of ‘ social wob, the resistance of these babies was lowered. Thirty four out of 9 died. In other foundling homes, the death rate was even higher. {In some, it climbed to a devastating 90%. A host of other studies have shown the same thing. Babies can be given food, shelter, warmth and hygiene, yet ifthey are not held and stroked, they have an abnormal tendency to die. What can be concluded from the study Conducted by the psychologist Rene Spitz? ‘A)_ Solitary confinement may signifcantyy improve the immune system of infants B) Hygiene plays the most important role in the early years of @ human being. ©) Soltary confinement might be ife-thresten for babies. D) Too much physical interaction with a new- bom baby pls its fein danger. E) The companionship of a bottle full of mil is ‘more than enough for a baby to survive, mopabit. 5. Which of the following best summarizes the passage? ‘A) Feeding a new-bom baby at fixed intervals ‘would be enough for its survival. B) Overprotection might result in higher death rates in foundling homes, ©) The nurses in the study done by psychologist Rene Spitz should have visited the babies ‘more offen. D) Infants placed in foundiing homes are likely to outlive their peers staying with thelr parents, ) Social interaction is. physiological needs. crttical as What could be the best title for the passage? ‘A) The Adverse Impact of Isolation on Infants, B) The Life of Infants Born to Poor Families ) Infants Placed in Foundling Homes D) The Future of Humanity and Isotation E) The Most Suitable Environment for InfantsOKUMA PARGALARI paar aabaa naan The self-driving future may be closer than you think. There are already plenty of autonomous ‘ars cruising the streets in the United States. And those fleets are expected to grow exponentially, with big companies promising to have tens of thousands of them on the road by 2025. These cars have been largely greeted with excited Curiosity. But in the wake of a high-profile death in Arizona, new questions are being raised about their safety, and both techies and regulators are being pressured to come up with some answers. ‘On Sunday, March 21, a woman named Elaine Herzberg was wheeling a bicycle across a two- lane road known as Mill Avenue in Tempe, ‘Arizona, when she was struck by one of Uber's solf-driving cars. She was transported to the hospital, but ultimately died of her injuries. The tragic accident has many people asking what ‘went wrong and who is responsible. There are many outraged people demanding that someone take responsibilty for her death. Much is stil Unknown about the accident and Uber is currently cooperating with police as they continue to investigate. Which of the following is. accident in Tempe, Arizona? A) The woman did not have time to get out of the way after seeing the car. B) There is an uncertainty about who will be held responsible for it. C) The victim was a 21 year-old woman identified as Elaine Herzberg, D) The woman was immediately taken to hospital where she underwent multiple operations. ) Many people blame Uber for it and the loss of life. 2. One can understand from the passage that autonomous cars —. A) are a source of enormous profits for car manufacturers atall times. ©) are a source of pride for the companies that produce them D) have caused many accidents, only a few of which were fatal than believed mopaDlL. 3. What can be concluded from the passage? A) The safety of self-driving cars is being questioned after a deadly accident. B) Technology companies are looking for ways to reduce the number of accidents on the roads. ©) Sett-anving cars are taking over traditional ‘cars as they are much safer, D) The governments are passing new laws about setf-iving cars. E) Accidents involving fatalities are usually caused by self-driving cars. ) stil require a human driver behind the wheels ) could be more common on the roads sooner ict $ é A 3 Suat GORCAN - Ridvan GORBUZ - Ergun KABAKGI- Ugur ALBAYRAK 4.6. sorulan agagidaki pargaya gore ‘Our ancestors polluted a lot of air and water, bbumed through vast virgin forests, destroyed ‘enormous bison herds, and permanently altered some of the most fertile soils on the planet ong before our generation inherited this world However, the pace of ecological destruction hhas accelerated with us through the latter half Of the twentieth century as populations soared ‘and developing nations followed the example of the Western world with their energy and resource usage. This has created the problem ‘of global warming. With the current pace of limate change, itis hard to imagine what life will lok like even ten years from now. So, ike itor not, global warming is the defining issue of the twenty-first century. Many people who are paying attention to what is going on perceive the ‘enormous risks ahead, but there are too many \who are not paying attention. For decades, we have been watching pollution accumulate in the ‘atmosphere. Once the planet passes certain climatic tipping points, there i litle or no chance (of going back. We are living though a nightmare that only gets deeper and darker each day as. humanity continues to ignore the warning and fails to address what is happening to the earth's atmosphere. It is understood from the passage that —-. ‘A)_we are destroying the ecology faster today ‘than our ancestors did before us B) the ecological destruction caused by ancient people was unintentional ©) we have already passed a point of no return at the beginning of the twentieth century D) there are considerable efforts to solve the problem of global warming E) education must be our priority in saving the planet MODADIL 5. How did the developing countries contribute to the global warming? ‘A)_ They ignored warnings from the international community. B) They colonized other peoples, exploiting their natural resources. ©) They fail to accept that global warming is @ real problem, D) They took ineffective and inadequate ‘measures that fal to prevent the problem. ) They took the Western world as a model in terms of energy and resource use. 6. Which of the following best describes the author's attitude throughout the passage? A) tolerant B) balanced ©) hopeful D) objective ) pessimisticOKUMA PARGALARI ‘The Irish Potato Famine, also known as the Great Hunger, was one of many famines in Ireland during the first half ofthe nineteenth century, bbut the size of the disaster dwarfed those that happened before it It began in 1845 when a fungus-like organism spread rapidly throughout Ireland. The infestation ruined up to one-half of the potato crop that year, and about three- {quarters of the crop over the following seven years. Because the farmers of Ireland relied heavily on the potato as a source of food, the infestation had a catastrophic impact on Ireland ‘and its population. Before it ended in 1852, the Potato Famine resulted in the death of roughly ‘one million Irish from starvation and related ‘causes, with at least another milion forced to leave their homeland as refugees. Comparison with other modern and contemporary famines ‘establishes beyond any doubt that the Irish famine of the late 1840s was proportionally ‘much more destructive of human life than all the famines experienced both in ireland and in other regions of the world. Although its true that the Great Famine began as a natural catastrophe of ‘extraordinary magnitude, many historians believe that its effects were severely worsened by the ‘actions and inactions of the British government. Itis pointed out in the passage that the Irish Potato Famine ~-, |A)_was not as life threatening as the famines experienced in other parts of the globe was intentionally triggered by the actions of the British government ‘shaped the history of Ireland more than any ‘other famine {gave rise to a fungus-like organism which Would spread across the United Kingdom was believed to be a disaster designed by the British government 8) © ») =) mopapiL. 2. Which of the following can be understood from the passage? |A) Most historians are critical ofthe British response to the Irish Potato Famine. ‘Only a few thousand people were helped to ‘emigrate by the state or landlords. ‘About 2 milion people in ireland are estimated to have died of starvation and epidemic disease. Ireland should have imported potatoes from her neighbouring countries in the mid-19" ‘century. ‘The lish soil stil presents various hardships {or farming In some regions. 8) ¢) >) 5 3. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A) The world will soon experience a new disaster whose size will dwarf the Irish Potato Famine. ‘The potato had become an inferior crop in Ireland by the 18° century. ‘The British government’ efforts to relieve the famine were adequate. Yields continued to massively under-perform {for the next seven years after the famine struck. ‘The people of Ireland had high hopes for a Sood potato harvest troughout the summer 1846 8) ° ») 5) ieid Hill! Suat GORCAN - Ridvan GURBUZ - Ergun KABAKGI - Ugur ALBAYRAK ‘sorulan agagidakl parcay: ‘cevaplayiniz. ‘Most historians date the beginning of the modern civil rights movement in the United States to December 1, 1955. That was the day when Rosa Parks, an unknown seamstress in Montgomery, labama refused to give up her bus seat to ‘a white passenger. On that day, Rosa Parks boarded a bus. Instead of going to the back of the ’bus, which was designated for African Americans, sshe satin the front. When the bus started to fil Lup with white passengers, the bus driver asked Parks to move. She refused. She was arrested ‘and fined for violating the law. But her resistance ‘et in motion one of the largest social movements inhistory. The bus incident led to the formation of the Montgomery Improvement Association, The ‘association called for a boycott of the city-owned bus company. The boycott lasted 381 days and brought Rosa Parks’ cause to the attention of the world. Eventually, the Montgomery bus law under which Mrs. Parks had been fined was abolished ‘and racial segregation on public transportation was outlawed. One brave woman's lonely act of resistance began a movement that ended legal Segregation in America, and made Rosa Parks an Inspiration to freedom-loving people everywhere. What happened to Rosa Parks when she refused to give up her seat in the bus? A) She was arrested and given a fine. B) The bus driver kicked her out ofthe bus. C) White passengers got into an argument with her. D) Other passengers tried to defend her. E) She was beaten and severely injured, MopabiL. result of the resistance in ‘A) African Americans gained all ofthe rights that others enjoy B) the designated place for African Americans Was moved the front of the bus. ) several others boycotts erupted across ‘America, calling for equal rights D) the law that discriminates people on racial ‘basis on public transportation was abolished E) women began to be respected more than ever before 6. The passage is mainly about —~. ‘A) the difficulties faced by African Americans in the United States B) how the Montgomery bus boycott affected the company ©) the discrimination of Aftican Americans in public transportation 1D) how one woman triggered the civil rights movernent E) why Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat for a white person1 Dropping out of high schoo}, thatis, leaving ‘school without graduating, is a central educational issue in almost all industrialized countries, although large differences between educational systems make cross-national or Cross-cultural comparisons problematic. Since the beginning of the 1970s, the dropout rates in the industrialized countries have remained relatively stable at between 5 and 10 percent. There is broad international agreement that dropping ‘out increases the risk of subsequent criminal behaviour and drug abuse, lower occupational ‘and economic prospects, lower lifetime earnings, ‘and becoming a member of the underclass. Furthermore, dropping out increases the ‘probability of lower levels of mental and physical health, Against the backdrop ofall these negative ‘consequences, sociological, educational, and psychological researchers have investigated the reasons for dropping out. The reasons identified can be classified as school-related, ‘family-based, or porsonal. Researchers agree that the risk of dropping out begins to develop ‘early in a student's life and that intervention programs to prevent dropout should therefore be Initiated at an early age. Prevention programs involving counselling sessions on topics such as ‘motivation, academic problems, career goals, and study habits can help reduce dropout rates, mopabiL. What is emphasized by the author of the passage? 'A) Prevention programs involving counseling ‘sessions on topics such as career goals may backfire. B) The major causes of the dropped out studenis is the negligence of their perents, Dropped out students seldom experience difficulty in fulfiling their goals in adulthood. D) Early prevention of dropout is critical as such Fisks first appear at an early age. E) We stil need more research concerning the reasons for dropping out of high schoo. co A) 8) °) >) e) a 8) °) >) e) 2. We learn from the passage that —. large differences between educational systems facilitate making cross-national ‘comparisons the dropout rates in the industrialized ‘countries have steadily increased since the carly 19708 leaving school without graduating has rothing to do with drug abuse or criminal behaviour there is sil controversy among researchers when the risk of dropping out starts to appear {dropping out of high schoo! may lead to ‘a higher probability of lower mental and physical health 3. What is the passage mainly concerned with? Psychological approaches to dropping out of high school in industrialised countries. ‘A fundamental educational concer for most industrialised countries The economics effects of dropping out of high schoo! in industrialised countrice ‘Solutions offered by educationalists to the problem of leaving high school without ‘graduating Main reasons for dropping out of high schoo! ln most industrialised nations. ; Hill!Cry Suat GURCAN - Ridvan GURBOZ - Ergun KABAKC! - Ujur ALBAYRAK 6. sorulan agagidaki pargaya gore cevaplayinz. ‘Aboriginal peoples, or aborigines, are groups ‘f people who have lived in one area for many ‘thousands of years. The Australian Aborigines are probably the best-known aboriginal society, ‘They came to Australia more than 40,000 years ago. They stil lve there today. Australian Aborigines were originally hunter-gatherer tribes that moved from place to place to find food and water. They lived in caves or built short-term shelters from branches, bark, and animal skins. ‘The men fished and hunted for animals. The women gathered plants, eggs, and other food, ‘The Aborigines’ lives changed when Europeans arrived in Australia more than 200 years ago. ‘The Europeans forced the Aborigines to move off. their land and to change their way of life. Many ‘Aborigines died defending their land, Many others died from diseases brought by the Europeans. ‘Today Aborigines live in all parts of Australia and do all kinds of work. But many Aborigines are oor. They do not have the same opportunities as most other Australians, ‘What can be understood from the passage about the Australian Aborigines? ‘A)_ They put up a tremendous fight against the Europeans, repelling them from thelr land, 8) They stick to their traditions and the way their ancestors lived. ©) They constantly invaded the lands of other tribes in search of food and water, D) They are seen as equals today to Australians of European ancestry. E) They stil exis, but they had to change their lifestyles. 5. According to the passage, the arrival of Europeans in Australia — ‘A) was initially welcomed by Aborigines 'B) was insignificant to Aborigines at the time ©) made Aborigines see that they were primitive D) started a war that lasted for more than 200, years 5) ata 8 turing pot inthe istoy of mopaDiL, 6. The Europeans’ attitude towards the Aborigines can be described as A) indiferent B) hostile ) favourable D) tolerant E)impartiat1. —, ‘Several languages, natural or deliberately Constructed, have been used to facilitate ‘communications among peoples with diferent native languages. From time to time, different natural languages have been used as universal ‘tongues. As a result of conquest or colonialism, ‘conquered nations have been forced to abandon their own languages or have gradually adopted the language of the conqueror; conversely, ‘occupying forces have often gradually assimilated the languages of the conquered, as was the ccase of the Normans in England, In other cases, peoples neighbouring on a commercially, culturally, o politically dominant nation have voluntarily, although usually only partly, adopted the language of that nation as auxiliary to their ‘own. By such means, the Latin Language came ‘closest of all native languages to becoming @ ‘truly universal tongue. Similarly, French from the 1B to the 19 century and English in the 20" century enjoyed relative universality in diplomatic, scientific, and commercial circles. Other attempts at universal means of communication have ‘been made by simplifying existing languages; ‘an example of the last is Basic English, devised between 1925 and 1930. However, the use of living native languages as a universal language has generally proved to be impracticable because of difficulties in learning them or because of nationalistic prejudices. Which of the following is true according to the passage? ‘A)_ Several languages have been deliberately ‘constructed as a result of colonialism, B) Awidely spoken tiving native language will soon become the universal language of the ‘whole world ©) Anation or a community may adopt another language eagerly or by force. D) Scientific circles have attempted to construct artificial languages to promote their ideals. E)_Itis natural to face challenges while learning a foreign language. Cet Ue 2. The author mentions the case of the Normans, as an example so as to —-, ‘A)_ show that an intemational language can be artificial B) provide Information about the deliberate construction a universal language ©) demonstrate that the language of the defeated might be progressively absorbed by the conqueror D) imply that the language of the conquered could be difficult for the conqueror to master ) suggest that an international language would affect our diversity as a species mopaDil. 3. We learn from the passage that —. ‘A) nationalistic prejudices may help a living = language be accepted as a universal one B) many nations adopted Latin as a second language because of an influential neighbour ) there are some obvious reasons why ‘multinational companies want & universal language 1D) the fact that Basic English is the global Janguage of science is not ikely to change anytime soon, E)_ simplifying existing languages is the best ‘option to construct a universal language‘Suat GORCAN - Ridvan GURBOZ - Ergun KABAKCI- Ugur ALBAYRAK 4. -6. sorulan agagidakl pargaya gore cevaplayini The British founded America’s original thirteen Colonies, so they should be speaking in the same dialect, right? But that's not the case, and there Is a puzziing difference in the way people in ‘each country talk. Stil, Americans and Brits both ‘speak English, so why don't they sound the same when they talk? The “American English’ we know ‘and use today first started out as an “England English" accent. According to a linguist at the ‘Smithsonian Institute, Americans began putting their own spin on English pronunciations just one {generation after the colonists started arriving in the New World. An entire ocean away from their former homeland, they became increasingly {isolated from "England English’ speakers. They also came in more contact with foreign languages, those of the Native Americans and other setters from Sweden, Spain, France, and the Netherlands. Both factors eventually led to ‘changes in Americans’ vocabulary and grammar, Creating a new English dialect lt can be inferred from the passage that —-. ‘A) the Brits were furious to learn that Americans started changing their language B) the Native Americans convinced British Settles to use thelr own version of English C) Britain had to go to war against the coloniete in America D) Americans see their dialect as a way of distancing themselves from the Brits ) distance between America and Britain played a role in the emergence of American English 5. Why does the author say that Americans and Brits “should be speaking in the same dialect?” ‘A) The two countries have very close politcal land economic ties. B) There should be a universally accepted dialect of English. ©) American colonies were initially established by the British. D) They had an agreement specifically saying that there must be only one version of English E) They could understand each other without any problems. mopabiL. 6. The main purpose of the text is to —. ‘A)_ show the difference in pronunciation between ‘American and British English B) explain why Ametican English came to be different from the British English ©) prove that American English is superior to British English D) compare the differences between American English and British English ) describe the new characteristics of British English wmHittite mythology, ike Hittite religion, represents @ combination of elements that reflect the diversity ‘of cults within the empire. Of special interest are ‘certain epic poems containing myths, originally Hurrian with Babylonian motifs. These myths. deal with several successive generations of ‘gods who ruled the universe and with a monster ‘who challenged the rule of the last king of the ‘gods. They are similar to Greek myths contained in the Theogony by the Greek poet Hesiod and may have been their 8. How the ‘myths might have reached Greece is not clear, but itis possible they were transmitted during the Mycenaean ascendancy in Greece (1400- 4200 BCE). Mycenaean Greeks are known to have been in western Anatolia then and to have traded with Hitite-held Syria. Hitite records refer to contacts between Hitt rulers and those of the kingdom of Ahhiyawa, which some scholars ‘identify with the country of the Achaeans. Whether or not Hittite cultural elements were transmitted abroad, many of them survived in ‘Anatolia until the frst Roman penetration into ‘Asia Minor in 190 BCE. mopaDiL Which of the following is true according to the passage? A). Some Hittite cultural elements might have been transmitted through trade, Mycenaean Greeks had tremendous impact fon the economic aspects of the Hittite society. Greek myths dealing with several gods and ‘goddesses substantially influenced Hitite myths. Mycenaean Greeks were at odds with Hitites ‘and thus invaded Syria, How Hittite myths reached Greece is no longer a mystery. 8) °) ») =) Co Ue EY 2. What can be concluded from the passage? a 8) c) D) =) A) 8) ©) >) 5) Hittite rulers despised Mycenaean Greeks for thelr success in trade. Hittite mythology represents the uniformity ‘among the societies within the empire. Hittite cultural components proved to be long lasting as wel as influential. ‘The Greek poet Hesiod influenced the content and development of Hittite myths. ‘The trade between Mycenaean Greeks ‘and Hittites obstructed the spread of Hite ‘mythology. 3, What could the best title for the passage? ‘The Tremendous Influence of Greeks on Hittites ‘The Role of Mythology in Hitite Society ‘The Clash between Hittes and Greeks ‘The Farreaching Effects of Hitite Mythology ‘The Origin and Creation of Hite Mythology‘Suat GORCAN - Ridvan GURBOZ - Ergun KABAKC! - Ugur ALBAYRAK lant agagidaki pargaya gore ‘cevaplayinz. Pirates and the United States have a long history ‘Sometimes good, sometimes bad, When the new. Nation dectared independence from Britain, it had Ro navy, so battling Britain at sea was a problem, ‘The solution was to hire pirates, also known 5 privateers, to do the fighting. The United States approved the process in 1776. During the Revolutionary War, the US hired some 1,700 Privateers to battle for their country. The US Navy ‘and privateers together captured over 16,000 British prisoners from ships, compared to the 415,000 taken by the entie land forces. So why didn't these privateers become sailors and simply join the US Navy? Surely it would have been ‘more prestigious and honorable. Yet these were. ‘not the kind of men who would join anything. For one thing, many of them did not like the restricted life of serving in the military. They loved the freedom, and they sailed where they wanted ‘and command their own ship. Of course, the real reason was the profit. The crew of the privateers, Were well paid for their hazardous work, eaming ‘aS much as $1,000 for one voyage, while average pay at the time was $9 per month, MopaDiL How did the United States try to fight with Britain at sea? ‘A) It built a strong navy prior to the war. B) It made use of pirates to attack British ships. ) It cut off the supply routes of British ships. 1D) It forced prisoners to fight against Britain. F) Itexploited the weaknoscoe of British navy. 5. According to the passage, it would have been the nobler thing to do for pirates if they had ‘A) fought for their original homeland, which was Britain B) taken prisoners instead of killing every enemy they fought against ©) given some of the money they eamed to the ‘Boor D) asked for their surrender before attacking other ships ) become part of the regular troops by joining the navy 6. What was one of the contributions of pirates during the American War for Independence? ‘A) They took thousands of prisoners from the ‘enemy ships. 8) They found money to fund both the navy and the land forces. ©) They became a part of the navy to trick the British into thinking the US had a huge navy. D) They were able to raid British ports through Surprise attacks. E) They defeated a huge British leet of 1700 ‘ships during the war,