Practice past papers DP HL only, S 1.1-1.

5, S
2.1-2.2, R 2.1 [32 marks]
1. 18N.2.hl.TZ0.3

Bromine can form the bromate(V) ion, BrO3−.

(a.i) State the electron configuration of a bromine atom.

[1]

Markscheme

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p5 OR [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p5 ✔ Accept 3d before 4s.

(a.ii) Sketch the orbital diagram of the valence shell of a bromine atom (ground state) on the
energy axis provided. Use boxes to represent orbitals and arrows to represent electrons.

[1]

Markscheme
 Accept double-headed arrows.

(a.iii) Draw two Lewis (electron dot) structures for BrO3−.

[2]
 Markscheme

Structure I - follows octet rule:

Structure II - does not follow octet rule:

Accept dots, crosses or lines to represent electron pairs.

(a.iiii) Determine the preferred Lewis structure based on the formal charge on the bromine atom,
giving your reasons.

[2]

Markscheme

«structure I» formal charge on Br = +2

OR
«structure II» formal charge on Br = 0/+1 ✔

structure II is preferred AND it produces formal charge closer to 0 ✔

Ignore any reference to formal charge on oxygen.

(a.iiiii) Predict, using the VSEPR theory, the geometry of the BrO3− ion and the O−Br−O bond
angles.
 [3]

Markscheme

Geometry:
trigonal/pyramidal ✔
Reason:
three bonds AND one lone pair
OR
four electron domains ✔
O−Br−O angle:
107° ✔

Accept “charge centres” for “electron domains”.

Accept answers in the range 104–109°.

2. 18M.2.hl.TZ2.7

Some physical properties of molecular substances result from the different types of
forces between their molecules.

Resonance structures exist when a molecule can be represented by more than one Lewis
structure.

(a.i) Carbon dioxide can be represented by at least two resonance structures, I and II.

Calculate the formal charge on each oxygen atom in the two structures.
 [2]

Markscheme

Award [1] for any two correctly filled cells. [2 marks]

(a.ii) Deduce, giving a reason, the more likely structure.

[1]

Markscheme

structure I AND no formal charges OR structure I AND no charge transfer

«between atoms» [1 mark]

(a.iii) Carbon and silicon are elements in group 14.

Explain why CO2 is a gas but SiO2 is a solid at room temperature.

[2]

Markscheme

CO2 «non-polar» «weak» London/dispersion forces/instantaneous induced dipole-

induced dipole forces between molecules SiO2 network/lattice/3D/giant
«covalent» structure M1: The concept of “between” is essential. [2 marks]

3. 17N.1.hl.TZ0.3

What is the pressure, in Pa, inside a 1.0 m3 cylinder containing 10 kg of H2 (g) at 25 ºC?

R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1; pV = nRT

 4
1× 10 ×8.31 ×25
A. 3
1.0 ×10
2
5× 10 × 8.31 ×298
B.
1.0
1× 8.31× 25
C. 3
1.0 ×10
3
5× 10 × 8.31 ×298
D.
1.0
[1]

Markscheme

4. 17N.1.hl.TZ0.4

A compound with Mr = 102 contains 58.8 % carbon, 9.80 % hydrogen and 31 % oxygen by
mass.
What is its molecular formula?

Ar: C = 12.0; H = 1.0; O = 16.0

A. C2H14O4

B. C3H4O4

C. C5H10O2

D. C6H14O

[1]

Markscheme

5. 17N.2.hl.TZ0.4

Lewis (electron dot) structures are useful models.

(a) Draw the Lewis (electron dot) structures of PF3 and PF5 and use the VSEPR theory
to deduce the molecular geometry of each species including bond angles.
 [6]

Markscheme

Accept any combination of dots, crosses and lines. Penalize missing lone pairs
once only. Do not apply ECF for molecular geometry. Accept values in the range
95–109 for PF3.

(b) Predict whether the molecules PF3 and PF5 are polar or non-polar.
 [1]

Markscheme

PF3 polar AND PF5 non-polar Apply ECF from part (a) molecular geometry.

(c) State the type of hybridization shown by the phosphorus atom in PF3.

[1]

Markscheme

sp3

6. 17N.2.hl.TZ0.2

Analytical chemistry uses instruments to separate, identify, and quantify matter.

(a) A sample of magnesium has the following isotopic composition.

Calculate the relative atomic mass of magnesium based on this data, giving your answer to two
decimal places.

[2]

Markscheme

24 x 0.786 + 25 x 0.101 + 26 x 0.113 24.33 Award [2] for correct final answer.
Award [0] for 24.31 with no working (data booklet value).

Menthol is an organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

(b) Complete combustion of 0.1595 g of menthol produces 0.4490 g of carbon dioxide

and 0.1840 g of water. Determine the empirical formula of the compound showing
your working.

[3]

Markscheme
 0.4490 g
carbon: « −1 =» 0.01020 «mol» / 0.1225 «g»
44.01 g mo l
OR
0.1840 ×2
hydrogen: « −1 =» 0.02042 «mol» / 0.0206 «g»
18.02 g m o l
oxygen: «0.1595 – (0.1225 + 0.0206)» = 0.0164 «g» / 0.001025 «mol» empirical
formula: C10H20O Award [3] for correct final answer. Do not award M3 for a
hydrocarbon.

(c) 0.150 g sample of menthol, when vaporized, had a volume of 0.0337 dm3 at 150 °C
and 100.2 kPa. Calculate its molar mass showing your working.

[2]

Markscheme

«temperature =» 423 K
OR
mRT
M¿
pV
−1 −1
0.150 g ×8.31 J K mol ❑ × 423 K
«M ¿ 3
=¿» 156 «g mol–1»
100.2 kPa ×0.0337 d m
Award [1] for correct answer with no working shown.
m
Accept “pV = nRT AND n = ” for M1.
M

(d) Determine the molecular formula of menthol using your answers from parts (d)(i) and (ii).

[1]

Markscheme

C10H20O [1 Mark]

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