CARIBBEAN HISTORY | 1

Pg 139 Question 3 - Then usually in January, crop time began. It

a) 4 crops other than sugar and tobacco, which were involved the cutting of the cane and its
grown in the 17th century: processing into sugar
- Indigo - After the cane had been cut, it was carried
- Coffee to wagons to be transported to the mill.
- Cotton - Then the canes were fed by hand into the
- Cocoa crusher which was made up of iron rollers.
- Banana - Then the canes were thrown away into the
trash house, to be used as animal feed or
b) Three reasons why tobacco was a suitable crop for bedding.
small Europeans farmers in the 17th century - The juice from the rollers were run off in a
caribbean were: wooden trough into a large copper clarifier
- Smoking and snuffing became fashionable in the boiling house.
- c) The role performed by three types of individual
c) Two advantages which farmers had to consider in residing in europe who were involved in the west
changing from tobacco to sugar were: indian sugar industry were:
- The climate was suitable for sugar - Overseers: European overseers and
production managers were individuals appointed to
- Sugarcane was non-perishable, not bulky supervise the plantation operations on
and easily transported. behalf of absentee landlords or European
One disadvantage farmer had to consider when in investors. They were responsible for
changing from tobacco to sugar was maintaining discipline, managing slave
that the price of land increased. labor, and ensuring the plantation's overall
Question 4 productivity.
a) Four buildings found on a typical sugar plantation - Merchant class or traders: European
which were utilized in the manufacturing of sugar merchants and traders were involved in the
were: West Indian sugar industry as
- The boiling house intermediaries in the global trade network.
- The curing house They facilitated the transportation of goods,
- The mill including sugar, between the West Indies
- The distillery and Europe, and often controlled the
b) Three task which were essential in the distribution and sale of sugar in European
manufacturing of sugar were: markets.

- Planters: Planters were responsible for
overseeing the day-to-day operations on the
plantations, making decisions about crop
cultivation, and ensuring the efficient
production of sugar. Investors, often
residing in Europe, funded these ventures
and expected significant returns on their
investments.
Pg 149 Question 10
After slavery ended in 1838, the Caribbean went
through big changes in how society and money worked.
The Afro-Caribbean people who were farmers became
very important in making decisions about what happened
in their areas. In 1876, I was a missionary in the British
Caribbean. My job was to check how well the Afro-
Caribbean farmers were doing and how they were helping
their communities. I talked about this to a group in
London who wanted to know more about it.
The Afro-Caribbean farmers had a tough time after
slavery, but they started growing crops to make a living.
They mainly did small-scale farming, growing different
kinds of food like root vegetables and fruits. This not only
helped them survive but also gave extra food to sell in
local markets. This farming was crucial for making
money and keeping the Afro-Caribbean people and their
areas going.
Besides farming, the Afro-Caribbean farmers did
other jobs to make their local economies more varied.
They did things like small-scale trading, crafts, and
fishing, so they didn't depend on just one way of making
CARIBBEAN HISTORY | 2
money. This helped them handle problems like sudden
changes in the world market. It showed how adaptable
and resourceful the Afro-Caribbean farmers were.
Even though slavery was over, many Afro-
Caribbean farmers still worked a lot on plantations. They
did jobs like hired laborers or sharecroppers, especially in
the sugar and cash crop industries. Even though the work
conditions weren't always fair, the Afro-Caribbean
farmers' work was really important for making money
and keeping their areas going.
The Afro-Caribbean farmers didn't just work on
their own; they also helped build their communities. They
did things like building schools, churches, and
community centers together. This didn't just make the
places look better but also helped everyone feel like they
belonged and were strong enough to face the problems
that came after slavery.
When things in society changed, the Afro-
Caribbean farmers made sure to keep their culture alive.
They did this through music, dance, stories, and religious
practices. These weren't just ways to express who they
were, but also ways to resist forgetting their African
heritage during the time when the European countries
controlled them.
To sum it up, since slavery ended in 1838, the
Afro-Caribbean farmers played a big part in how their
areas grew economically and socially. They did this by
farming, doing different jobs, and working on
plantations. At the same time, they helped build their
communities and kept their culture alive. All of this

shows how strong, clever, and important the Afro-
Caribbean farmers were in the Caribbean after slavery.
Pg 22 Question 3
One day, when all our people were gone out to their
works as usual and only I and my dear sister were left to
mind the house, two men and a woman got over our
walls, and in a moment seized us both, and without giving
us time to cry out or make resistance they stopped our
mouths and ran off with us into the nearest wood.
…I continued to travel, sometimes by land, sometimes by
water, through different countries and various nations,
till at the end of six or seven months after I had been
kidnapped I arrived at the sea coast
…The first object which saluted my eyes when I arrived
on the coast was the sea, and a slave ship waiting for its
cargo."
Adapted from Olaudah Equiano, Equiano's Tra The
Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano or
Gustavus Vassa the Afte Heinemann, 1996, pp. 13-14
and 21-
(a) (i) Name TWO slave-trading forts on the Gold
Coast in West Africa.
Two slave-trading forts on the Gold Coast in West
Africa are:
● Lagos
● Gorée
(ii) Name TWO slave-trading ports in Europe - one
in Britain and one in France.
Two slave-trading ports in Europe - one in Britain
and one in France are:
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● Nantes and Bordeaux - France
● Liverpool and Bristol - Britain
(Use any one)
(4 marks)
(b) Describe the part played by EACH of the following
in the transatlantic trade in enslaved Africans.
(i) Asiento - a contract or license to sell slaves in
the New World.
(ii) Coffle- an Arabic word meaning a lime of
captive people fastened by the neck or feet.
(ⅲ) Loose packing- was preferred by those slavers who
believed that the more physically comfortable the
enslaved were, the less chance they would have of
dying.
(9 marks)
(c) Examine THREE ways in which the transatlantic
trade in enslaved Africans impacted the West African
economy.
Three ways in which the transatlantic trade in
enslaved Africans impacted the West African
economy are:
● As a result, Africa lost more men than
women and the balance of society was
distorted.
● The fear of enslavement in the interior
regions inhibited development and divided
communities.
● The slave trade also seriously affected the
technological advance of West Africa.
 CARIBBEAN HISTORY | 4

(12 marks) young people about Hindu customs, stories, and

Pg 29 Question 18 rituals, ensuring that the religion stayed alive in
the community.
Examine FIVE reasons for the development of Hinduism ● Learning and Spreading (6/25): Younger folks got
in the Caribbean from 1900 to 1985. involved in spreading Hinduism through
education and outreach programs. Missionaries
Points from India also came to share knowledge and set
1. They did it in their homes. They began in groups to up educational activities, helping more people
spread the religion e.g., build temples understand Hinduism better.
2. Institutions and organizations were formed to ● Influence of Leaders and Giving Back (5/25):
promote the religion. Important figures from India and wealthy Hindus
3. Elders within the home passed on traditions to in the Caribbean supported the religion by
youths. building temples and supporting community
4. Education - the youth involvement. Missionaries projects. Their leadership and generosity helped
from India came to spread Hinduism. Hinduism grow and thrive in the region.
5. Influential figures from India spread Hinduism
through the Caribbean.
6. Entertainment roots in India (phagwah programs,
classical programs, Indian music)
7. Rich Hindus spread Hinduism by building temples
or improving the conditions of existing temples.
Total 25 marks
Research/ Chat GPT
● Family Worship at Home (5/25): Hindu families in
the Caribbean practiced their religion at home,
passing down traditions from older to younger
generations.
● Building Temples and Groups (4/25): Hindus
came together to construct temples and form
community groups, which became important
centers for worship, cultural events, and learning
about Hinduism.
● Teaching Tradition by Elders (5/25): Older
members of the family played a big role in teaching
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PG 26 QUESTION #9
 CARIBBEAN HISTORY | 6

PG 152 QUESTION #17

This essay comprises 5 socioeconomic conditions

which existed in the Caribbean between 1900 and 1935
which includes working conditions, example amount of
wage and hours worked and cost of living example
changes in consumption patterns, shortages of items and
war-time conditions led to price increases.
Working conditions, wages could be deducted for
trivial matters. In St. Kitts the rate for cutting canes was
reduced in 1881 levels and later in the 1930s the
workforce was reduced. There was no relationship
between earnings and cost of living: wages were not set

arbitrarily by employers. In Guyana wages remained
unchanged for over 30 years.
Working conditions,hours in the Caribbean
between 1900 and 1935 were characterized by long
working hours; there was no fixed length.
Cost of living, changes in consumption patterns
created dependence on imported items, so the prices of
these items increased significantly.
Shortages of items caused by trade disruptions led
to price increase and war-time conditions led to price
increases,causing strikes and several territories.
CHAT GPT
Between 1900 and 1935, life in the Caribbean was tough
for many people due to several important reasons. Here
are five key things that made life challenging during
that time:
1. **Hard Working Conditions**: People had to work
very hard, especially those working on plantations
where things like sugar and tobacco were grown.
Imagine working long hours every day without a set
end time. Additionally, plantation workers faced
deductions from their wages for small or unimportant
reasons. For example, in St. Kitts, the pay for cutting
sugar cane was reduced to what it was in 1881, and
later, in the 1930s, fewer people were hired to work.
2. **Low Wages**: Despite their hard work, many
people didn't earn much money. In places like Guyana,
wages stayed the same for more than 30 years. This
meant that people struggled to afford basic things they
needed, even though they were working long hours.
CARIBBEAN HISTORY | 7
3. **Expensive Living Costs**: Life became more
expensive because of changes in what people were
buying. People started relying more on things that were
imported from other countries, like canned foods or
clothes. Because these things had to be brought in from
far away, they became more expensive. This made it
even harder for people to afford the things they needed
to live comfortably.
4. **Shortages and Price Increases**: Sometimes, there
weren't enough goods available because of problems
with trading, like during wartime. This caused the
prices of the things that were available to go up. For
example, if there wasn't enough food, the cost of food
would increase. These higher prices made it even harder
for people to buy what they needed.
5. **Impact of War**: When there was a war
happening, it made everything even more difficult.
Supplies were scarce, and prices rose even higher. This
led to strikes and protests in many places, as people
demanded fair wages and better living conditions.
Overall, life in the Caribbean between 1900 and 1935
was tough because of the hard working conditions, low
wages, expensive living costs, shortages of goods, and
the impact of war. These challenges made it difficult for
many people to make ends meet and led to unrest and
protests in some places.

PG 42 QUESTIONS #3
(a) 4 crops other than sugar that were considered as
possible viable export alternatives to tobacco in the 17th
century:
>coffee
>cotton
>banana
>cocoa
(b) 3 reasons why the British Caribbean economies
switched from cultivating tobacco in the 17th century:
>The combination of West Indian and Virginia tobacco
created a glut in the European market which adversely
affected prices and profits
>West Indian tobacco producers could not compete with
virginia tobacco producers as their quality was superior
and they produced in vaster quantities
>There was a ready market for sugar in Europe as a lot of
people where drinking coffee and tea which needed the
sweetener cheaper than honey and the answer was sugar
(c)3 main reasons why sugar was the most viable
alternative to tobacco in some British Caribbean
countries:
>The climate in the Caribbean was suitable to grow sugar
cane as sugarcane was grown in tropical and sub-tropical
climate
>The soil in the caribbean is rich and fertile and suitable
for sugarcane cultivation
> The production of sugarcane posed no special
transportation problems, sugar was not too bulky in
commodity to be transported economically in the small
ships then available.
>There were suitable markets and right prices. There was
a suitable market because a lot of people were using tea
and coffee which needed a sweetener cheaper than honey.
CARIBBEAN HISTORY | 8
Pg 133 Question 9
Imagine you are a non-conformist missionary in the
British Caribbean in 1860. Write a letter to the parent
missionary society in London examining FIVE ways in
which the free village movement positively impacted the
economy and society.
Dear Parent Missionary Society,
I hope this letter finds you well. As a missionary stationed
in the British Caribbean, I am writing to share with you
some observations regarding the positive impacts of the
free village movement on the economy and society in this
region.
Firstly, socially, the establishment of peasant
communities following emancipation in 1838 has allowed
for the free expression of African and later Indian
cultures. This has led to a vibrant cultural diversity,
promoting self-help and cooperation among the people.
These villages have become centers of social, cultural, and
economic activities, fostering a sense of community and
unity among residents.
Economically, the free villages have made significant
contributions to diversifying the economy. Peasants have
shown that crops other than the major export crops can
be successfully grown. This diversification has reduced
the dependence on one or two export crops, making the
economy more resilient. For example, in Trinidad,
peasants pioneered the cocoa industry, which became a
 CARIBBEAN HISTORY | 9

major export crop, providing a stable source of income
for many.
Moreover, peasants have cultivated food crops, reducing
the dependence on imported food. They have established
local markets and internal marketing systems, providing
foodstuffs to workers and generating incomes for
vendors. This local trade not only supports the economy
but also creates employment opportunities for boat-
builders, boatmen, and their crews, stimulating economic
growth.
In conclusion, the free village movement has had far-
reaching positive effects on both the economy and society
of the British Caribbean. It has fostered cultural diversity,
economic resilience, political activism, and agricultural
innovation, laying the foundation for a more inclusive
and prosperous society.
Yours faithfully,
[Your Name]

Politically, although peasants did not have direct

representation in colonial administrations, they were
politically active, reacting to discriminatory policies and
unfair labor practices. Protests, strikes, and petitions
were common strategies used by peasants to
communicate their grievances to the authorities. These
protests, such as the Morant Bay Rebellion in Jamaica
and strikes in Guyana and Grenada, highlighted the
peasants' determination to fight for their rights and fair
treatment.

Lastly, the changing landscape brought about by the

spread of cultivation and settlements into new areas has
transformed the agricultural practices in the region. New
towns and villages have emerged, and a new class of
landowners has surfaced. This shift from large
plantation-style farming to smaller parcels of land with
crop variety has made better use of previously unused
land, contributing to the overall development of the
region.