DIESEL ENGINE POWER PLANT Solution, Refer to Fig. 4.38. | 0.05 Vs 2 Fig. 4.38 Diameter of eylinder, Stroke length, Number of cylinders, Compression ratio, Fuel consumption Engine speed, Relative efficiency, Thai Mechanical efficiency, , nec. Cut-off Calorifie value of fuel, = 1 su for two-stroke cycle engine Vy Loff ratio, =o Cut-off ratio, on Also, 0.05V, .05(V, ~ V,) .05 (13V, = V,) ¥, sy chere [: wr 3s] 105 x 12V, = 0.6V, or, or, 1_[pt-1 | par saat = 10.248 x 1.5 = 0.615% or 61.5% Also, But LP. M4180 3600 Q.4 x14 x 41800 TOS kW Now, * BP. = 0.76 x 65 = 49.4 kW ‘Mean effective pressure can be calculated based on LP. or B.P. of the engine, py LAN X10 1p. si where, Pq, = Indicated mean effective pressure 5 = 2X Pai X 025% 2/4 x02" 900x110 . 6 pe 65x6x4 * Pmi= 95025 xxx 02" x300%10 = 8.27 bar. (Ans.) and brake mean effective pressure, Ppp = 0.76 x 8.27 = 6.28 bar. (Ans.) Example 4.6. A single eylinder 4-stroke diesel engine gave the following results while running. on full load : Area of indicator card = 300 mm? Length of diagram =40mm Spring constant = I barimm Speed of the engine = 400 rpm. Load on the brake =370N Spring balance reading Diameter of brake drum Fuel consumption Calorific value of fuel = 41800 kik Diameter of the cylinder = 160 mm Stroke of the piston 200 mm Scanned with CamScannerPOWER PLANT ENGINEERING Calculate : (i) Indicated mean effective pressure. (ii) Brake power and brake mean effective pressure. (iii) Brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal ‘and indicated thermal efficiencies. Solution. Given; N= 400 rp.m., W=370N, S=50N, D,=12m, m= 2.8 kgih, C= 41800 kitkg, Dz=0.16m, L=02m, fe ctr date ee nine ( Indicated mean effective pressure, Pay: ‘Area of indicator diagram or card x spring constant Length of diagram Indicated power, py LAN X10 pe 1x 75x 02x n/4 x 016? x 400 x} x10 = 27 6 10.05 kW. GBP. Pay? Brake power,” (W -S)xD, Bp a OEP. 0% 1000 _ (870-50 x12% 400 601000 = 8.04 kW. (Ans.) Atco, up, = MPab LANA x10 6 1x py, X02 x 2/4 x 0.16? x 400 8.04 = = 6 804x642 a 2a bar. (Ans.) Pob~ xn x 0.167 x400 x10 (ii) bse. Mayas Maen * Brake specific fuel consumption, b.s,fe = Fuel consumption per B. 28 = Gay 0-348 kg/B.P. hour, (Ans.) Brake thermal efficiency, hour 0.2473 or 24.73%. (Ans) Indicated thermal efficiency, BP. 1005 ta, xO ~ 3B ‘i x Soo * 42800 = 0.3091 or 30.91%. (Ans.) "Example 4.7. The following observations were recorded during the test on a G-eylinder, 4-stroke Diesel engine : Naan Bore += 125 mm Stroke 125mm Engine speed = 2400 r-p.m, Load on dynamometer = 490 Dynamometer constant = 16100 Air orifice diameter = 55mm Co-efficient of discharge = 0.66 Head causing flow through orifice += 310 mm of water 760 mm Hg = 25°C 22.1 kath Barometer reading Ambient temperature Fuel consumption Calorifie value of fuel = 45100 hth Per cent carbon in the fuel = 85% Per cent hydrogen in the fuel = 15% Pressure of air at the end of suction stroke = L013 bar Temperature at the end of suction stroke =25°C Cateulate : (i) Brake mean effective pressure, Gi) Specific fuel consumption, (iii) Brake thermal efficiency, (iv) Volumetric efficiency, and (0) Percentage of excess air supplied. Solution. Given: n= 6,D=0.125 m, L = 0.125 m, dy = Orifice diameter = 0.055 m, C)= 06, h, = 310 mm ti, - 221 1.00614 kg/s, C= 45100 kare, fe J... for dstroke eyele engine. (® Brake mean effective pressure, Py, : WN _ 490% 2400 Brake power, B.P. Cp = T6100 3 kW Also, Bp. = 7 ex, 6 Scanned with CamScannerDIESEL ENGINE POWER PLANT 6x Ppp x 0.125 2/4 x 0.125" x 2400 x 4x10 EO 6 76x 6x4%2 * Pb = x 0.195% mx 0.125" x 2400 x10 = 3.96 bar. (Ans.) (i) Specific fuel consumption, b.s.f.c. : 223 B= bsfe.= 2 =0.3027 kgkWh. (Ans) (iié) Brake thermal efficiency, My.iy)? B. 73 "wm ™ Fag x = O006I4 x 45100 0.2636 or 26.36%. (Ans.) (iv) Volumetric efficiency, Nya, £ Stroke volume of cylinder WA DP x L = n/4 x 0,125" x 0.125 = 0.00153 m* ‘The volume of air passing through the orifice of the air box per minute is given by, lh, 1s where, _C, = Discharge co-efficient of orifice = 0.66 ‘Ay = Area of eross-section of orifice 4 d= wx (0.055)? = 0.00237 m? 1, = Head eausing flow through orifice in cm of water = 30 Ls1em 10 = Density of air at 1.013 bar and 25°C pb __ 1013 x10% Br * Ber x@5+ 7d Volume of air, V,, = 840 x 0.00237 x 0.66 Sh 6.73 mY/min 2. Actual volume of air per cylinder 1.18 kg/m*. = 1.12 m/min Air supplied per stroke per cylinder 112 (240072) Volume of air actually supplied Volume of air theoretically required 0.000933 0.00153 = 0.000933 m* 0.609 or 60.9%. (Ans.) (v) Pereentage of excess air supplied : Quantity of air required per kg of fuel for complete combustion = Wloxdsn,x4] ag 21 where C is the fraction of carbon and H, is the fraction of hydrogen present in the fuel respectively. We foasx8 -arsx4] = 15.07 kgkg of fuel Actual quantity of air supplied por kg of fuel VaxoaX60 _ 673%138%60 = VaX2eX60 _ 673%118%60 =m 221 06 kg Percentage excess air 21.56 -1507 = BESO 109 = 43.00% (Ans) Example 48. In a trial of a single cylinder oil engine working on dual cycle, the following observations were made : Compression ratio = 15 Oil consumption = 10.2 kglh Calorific vatue of fuel = 43890 kihg Air consumption 3.8 hgimin Speed 1900 r.p.m. Torque on the brake drum 186 Nm Quantity of cooling water used = 15.5 hglmin Temperature rise 36" Exhaust gas temperature 410°C Room temperature 20°C ¢, for exhaust gases = LIT kuthg K Caleulate : (i) Brake power, (Gi) Brake specific fuel consumption, and iii) Brake thermal efficiency. Draw heat balance sheet on minute basis. Solution. Given : n= 1, r= 15, my= 10.2 kg/h, 38 kg/min., 1900 r-p.m., 7'= 186 Nm, ‘my = 18.5 kg/min, = 36°C, t, = 410° t= 20°C, ¢, = 1.17. () Brake power, B.P. é 2aNT_ _ 2 x1900%186 P. = 91000 ~~ 60x 1000 = 37 kW. (Ans) (ii) Brake specific fuel consumption, b.s.Ce. : bate. = “02 = 0.2756 kghkWh. (Ans) Scanned with CamScannerPOWER PLANT ENGINEERING ma amr asansenaET a it” TOE tig Ee a 3 300-1 n (i) Heat equivalent of B.P. Src eo =the hae (iii) Heat carried away by exhaust gases (28238) «ur eano-20 = 1811 ki/min. Heat balance sheet (minute basis) ‘Steam formed per ky of fuel in the exhaust =ldthe Specific heat of steam in exhaust = 2.09 kuthy K Specific heat of dry exhaust gases = 1.0 kul K. Solution. Given: = 350 r.p.m, Py = G40N, my = 1.52 kg, m, = 162g, f, im, = 82 kelkg of fuel, ¢ 25°C, t, = 305°C, D 0.28 m, D, = 1 m, C = 43900 kiMkg, ¢,, = 2.09, ¢y- = 1... for two stroke cyele engine. (W Indicated power, LP. : Lp, = 2PadANE X10 6 1x81 x 0.28 x n/4 x 0.22 «350x110 6 = 15.9 kW. (Ans.) (ii) Brake power, BP. : (W -S) xD, pp. - WiSIRDN _ 640x0x1x350 Hem hd [Per cont “Heat supplied by fuel 7461 | 100 (@) Heat absorbed in B.P. 2220 | 298 (di) Heat taken away by cooling water | 2332 | 31.2 (iii) Heat earried away exhaust gases rt | 243 (iv) Heat unaccounted for (by difference) | 1098 | 14.7 Total 7461 | 100) ‘Example 4.9. From the data given below, calculate indicated power, brake power and draw a heat balance sheet for a two stroke diesel engine run for 20 minutes at full toad : rpm. mep. Net brake load Fuel consumption Cooling water Water inlet temperature Water outlet temperature Air usediig of fuel Room temperature Exhaust temperature = 305°C Cylinder bore 200mm Cylinder stroke = 280 mm Brake diameter metre Calorific value of fuel = 43900 huikg 0x 1000 ‘60x 1000 11.78 kW. (Ans) Heat supplied in 20 minutes = 152 x 43900 = 66728 kJ ( Heat equivalent of LP. in 20 minutes LP. x 60 x 20 = 15.9 x 60 x 20 19080 kJ (Gi) Heat carried away by cooling water 4. Cpe * be, — be 162 x 4.18 x (55 — 30) = 16929 kJ Total mass of air = 32 x 1.52 = 48.64 kg ‘Total mass of exhaust gases = Mass of fuel + Mass of air 1.52 + 48.64 = 50.16 kg. Mass of steam formed = 1.4 x 1.5 ++ Mass of dry exhaust gases = 50.16 ~ 2.13 = 48.03 kg (iii) Heat carried away by dry exhaust gases 2m, X Eg ¥ lyf) = 48.03 « 1.0 x (305 - 25) = 13448 kJ iv) Heat earried away by steam 5 DASH + Nag + pe ap — At 1.013 bar pressure (atmospheric pressure assumed) = ALTS kelfeg, hy, = 2257.9 Mg 2.13 [M1755 + 2257.9 + 2.09 (305 - 99.6)] 6613 ki/kg .... neglecting sensible heat ‘of water at room temperature wl Scanned with CamScannerDIESEL ENGINE POWER PLANT Heat balance sheet (20 minute basis) _ 1x 2.8 x 0,28 x w/4 x 0.22" «350110 tem ‘by |Per cent] ‘Heat supplied by fuel [ea728| 100 ‘d) Heat equivalent of LP. 19080| 28.60 ii) Heat carried away by cooling water —_| 16929] 25.40, ii) Heat carried away by dry exhaust gases |13448| 20.10 |iv) Heat carried away steam in exhaust gases] 6613) 9.90 (o) Heat unaccounted for (by difference) _| 10658] 16.00 Total (66728) 100.00 © Example 4.10. During a test on a two stroke oil engine on full load the following observations were recorded : Speed Net brake load Mean effective pressure il consumption = 4.3 kglh Jacket cooling water 500 hth Temperature of jacket water at inlet and outlet = 25°C and 50°C respectively Air used per hg of oil = 39h Temperature of air in test room= 25°C Temperature of exhaust gases = Cylinder diameter Stroke length Effective brake diameter Calorific value of oit Proportion of hydrogen in fuel oil = 15% Mean specific heat of dry exhaust gases LO kdkg K Specific heat of steam 09 hth K Calculate :(i) Indicated power, and (ii) Brake power. Also draw up heat balance sheet on minute basis. Solution. Given : n= 1, = 350 rpm, (WS) = 590N, Py = 2.8 bar ‘my = 4.3 kgf, m,, = 500 kg/h, fg, = 25°O, fy, = 60°C im, = 38 keg of oil, , = 25°C, 1, = 400°C, D = 0,22 m L 20.28 m, D,=1m, C= 48900 klk, ey = 1.0, Gy, = 2.09 B= 1 ns for two stroke eycle engine. (i) Indicated power, LP. : up. = MPmibANE x10 6 = 17.38 kW. (Ans.) (ii) Brake power, BP. (W-S)RD,N = e010 _, 590m x1 x350 ‘60x 1000 = 10.81 kW. (Ans) Heat supplied per minute 43 = Gp * 13900 = 3146 kin, (# Heat equivalent of LP, = 17.38 x 60 = 1042.8 kJ/min. (ii) Heat lost to cooling water Mg ¥ Cp ® by, = be) «109 410» (60-25) = £708 iin Now, 2H, + 0, = 2H,0 4 32 36 1 8 9 die kg of Hy produces 9 kg of HO Mass of H,O produced per kg of fuel burnt, = 9x H, x mass of fuel used/min. ‘Total mass of exhaust gases (wet /min. ‘= Mass of airfmin. + mass of fueVimin. _ GED x43 60 Mass of dry exhaust gases/min, = Mass of wet exhaust gases/min = mass of HO produced/min, = 2.436 — 0.0967 = 2.339 kg/min. (iii) Heat lost to dry exhaust gases FM, py ®t t) 2.939 x 1.0 x (400 ~ 25) = 887 ki/min. (jv) Assuming that steam in exhaust gases exists as superheated steam at atmospheric pressure and exhaust gas temperature, the enthalpy of 1 kg of steam at atmospheric pressure 1.013 = 1 bar ‘and 400°C. lig (where A is the sensible heat of water at room temperature) 2.436 kee Scanned with CamScannerPOWER PLANT ENGINEERING. 5 Wig Igy + egy yyy ~ by) ~ 1 x 4.18 x (25 ~ 0) = [417.5 + 2257.9 + 2,09 (400 - 25)] - 104.5, = 3355 kil/min, :. Heat carried away by steam = 0.0967 x 3355 = 320.6 ki/min. Heat balance sheet (minute basis) Item hd _|Per cont Heat supplied by fuel ‘146 | 100 () Heat equivalent of LP. 1042.8 | 33.15 i) Heat carried away by cooling water | 870.8 | 27.70 ii) Heat carried away by dry gases 887 | 28.15 |v) Heat carried away by steam 3206 | 1020 (v) Heat unaccounted for (by difference) | 248 | 0.80 Total sis6 | 100 Example 4.11. During a test on a Diesel engine the following observations were made : The power developed by the engine is used for driving 4 DC. generator. The output of the generator was 210A at 200 V; the efficiency of generator being 82%. The quantity of fuel supplied to the engine was 11.2 hglh ; Calorific value of fuel being 42600 klfkg. The air-fuel ratio was 18:1. The exhaust gases were passed through a exhaust ‘gas calorimeter for which the observations were as follows : Water circulated through exhaust gas calorimeter = 580 litresth, Temperature rise of water through calorimeter = 36°C. Temperature of exhaust gases at exit from calorimeter = 98°C. Ambient temperature = 20°C. Heat lost to jacket cooling water is 32% of the total heat supplied. Ifthe specific heat of exhaust gases be 1.05 hil K draw up the heat balance sheet an minute basis. Solution. Output of generator = 210 Aat 200V Generator efficiency Fuel used Calorifie value of fuel Air-fuel ratio : Mass of water circulated through calorimeter, ‘m, = 580 litres or 580 kg/h ‘Temperature rise of water, feym he, = 96°C Temperature of exhaust gases at exit from calorimeter = 98°C Ambient temperature = 20°C lost to jacket cooling water 32% of the total heat supplied Specific heat of exhaust gases = 1.05 kilkg K ‘Total power generated Vi = 200 x 210 = 42000 W = 42 kW Power available at the brakes of the engine, 42 BP.= Ogg = 5122 kW Total heat supplied to the engine += Fuel supplied per min, x calorific value of fuel = 122 x 42600 = 7952 ka/min 60 (@) Heat equivalent of B.P. 1.22 x 60 = 3073 ki/min Mass of exhaust gases formed per minute =F copii, (4a) A [4 rt ments te] n2 = Gp (18+ = 3.55 kglmin (ii) Heat carried away by exhaust gases/min, = Heat gained by water in exhaust gas calorimeter from exhaust gases + heat in exhaust gases at exit from exhaust gas calorimeter above room temperature Dam, x elle) 580 5 x 1.05 Go * 418 x 36 + 3.55 « 1.05 098 - 20) 1454.6 + 290.7 = 1745.3 ke/min. (iii) Heat lost to jacket cooling water = 0.32 x 7952 = 2544.6 ki/min. Heat balance sheet (minute basis) Tem a [Percent Heat supplied 7952 | 100 (i) Heat equivalent of B.P. 3073 | 38.7 (Gi) Heat carried away by exhaust gases | 1745.3) 21.9 (iit) Heat lost to jacket cooling water 25446) 32.0 (Gv) Heat unaccounted for (by difference) | 589.1] 7.4 Total 7952 | 100 Scanned with CamScannerDIESEL ENGINE POWER PLANT ©rExample 4.12. During a trial of a single cylinder, 4-stroke diesel engine the following observations were recorded : Bore = 340 mm Stroke 440 mm rpm, = 400 Area of indicator diagram 465 mm? Length of diagram = 60 mm Spring constant 0.6 barimm Load on hydraulic dynamometer 950N Dynamometer constant = 7460 Fuel used 10.6 kgih Calorific value of fuel = 49500 hits Cooling water circulated = 25 kglmin Rise in temperature of cooling water 35°C The mass analysis of fuel is : Carbon Hydrogen Incombustible = I% The volume analysis of exhaust gases is Carbon dioxide =9% Orygen = 10% Nitrogen 1% Temperature of exhaust gases = 400°C Specific heat of exhaust gases 1.05 kJtha*C Ambient temperature = 25°C Partial pressure of steam in exhaust gases = 0.030 bar Specific heat of superheated steam 1 hJhg?C. Draw up heat balance sheet on minute basis. Solution. Given : n= 1, D= 0.34 m,L = 0.44 m, N= 400 r.p.m,, W= 950N, , (dynamometer constant) = 7460, m, = 10.6 kg/h, C= 49500 kilkeg, ‘Mean effective pressure, __ Area of indicator diagram x Spring constant Pa Length of indicator diagram 465 x06 .65 bar 60 Indicated power, ‘NP LAN x10 6 1x 4.65 x 0.44 x x/4 x 034? x 400 x . @ LP. x10 =619kW Brake power, Wo | 950%400 BRe"G, 7 7460 a Friction power, FP. =LP.-BP, = 619-509 = 11 kW ‘Heat supplied per minute = Fuel used per min, x Calorifie value 106 = 7S x 49500 = 8745 kin, (i) Heat equivalent of BLP. P. x 60 = 50.9 x 60 = 3054 ki/min, i) Heat lost in friction -P. x 60 = 11 x 60 = 660 kJ/min, (iii) Heat carried away by cooling water fa) = 25 x 4.18 x 25 = 2612.5 kd/min, ‘Mass of air supplied per kg of fuel = 50.9 kW By, Ce * (te, _ Nx 81x84 = 38100 + C0,) = 330+9) = 22.9 kg ‘Mass of exhaust gases formed per kg of fuel = 22.9412 239 kg ‘Mass of exhaust gases formed/min. ‘Mass of steam formed per kg of fuel = 9x 0.15 = 135 ke *. Mass of steam formed per min, 106 35 x ES = 0.238 kg/min, Mass of dry exhaust gases formed per min. = 4.22 - 0.238 = 3.982 kg. Scanned with CamScannerPOWER PLANT ENGINEERING (iv) Heat carried away by dry exhaust gases/min. =m, X ogg X lly —t,) 982 x 1.05 x (400-25) = 1568 kl/min. Steam is carried away by exhaust gases. The temperature of steam is also the same as that of exhaust gases e.g. 400°C. At partial pressure of steam 0.03 bar, the saturation, temperature is 24.1°C. Therefore, steam is superheated. Enthalpy of steam bet Sp agp 80) = 2545.5 + 2.1 (400-241) 3334.89 kilkg. (0) :. Heat carried by steam in exhaust gases += 3334.89 x 0.238 = 793.7 kil/min. (vi) Heat unaccounted for = Total heat supplied—heat equivalent of B.P. — heat lost in friction heat carried away by cooling water — heat carried away by dry exhaust gases heat carried away by steam in exhaust gases = 8745 — (3054 + 660 + 2612.5 + 1568 + 793.7) = 56.8 ki/min. Heat balance sheet on minute basis em hd [Per cent ‘Heat supplied e745 | 100 (i) Heat equivalent of B.P. ‘3054 | 34.92 (Gi) Heat lost in frietion 660 | 7.55 (iii) Heat carried away by cooling water | 2612.5 | 29.87 (Gv) Heat carried away by dry exhaust | 1568 | 17.93, gases (v) Heeat carried away by steam in 793.7 | 907 exhaust gases (i) Heat unaccounted for 568 | 066 Total 8745 | 100 SUPERCHARGING ‘Example 4.18. The average indicated power developed ina CL engine is 13 kW/m: of free air induced per minute. The engine is a three-litre four-stroke engine running at 3500 r-p.m.,and has a volumetric efficiency of 81%. referred 10 free air conditions of 1.013 bar and 15°C. It is proposed 10 fit a blower, driven mechanically from the engine. The blower has an isentropic efficiency of 72% and works through a pressure ratio of 1.72. Assume that at the end of induction the cylinders contain a volume of charge equal to the swept volume, at the pressure and temperature of the delivery from the blower. Calculate the increase in brake power to be expected from the engine. Scanned with CamScanner Take all mechanical efficiencies as 78%. Solution. Capacity of the engine = 3 litres = 0.003 m* ‘Swept volume =D «0008 = 5.25 m/min. Unsupercharged induced volume 5.25 > het 5.25 x 0.81 = 4.25 m? Blower delivery pressure 74 bar ‘Temperature after isentropic compression = 288 x (1.72) 1, : a % = 3363 K r ". Blower delivery temperature 3363-288 28+ OT ) = 855K Bere Sod Then. ‘The blower delivery is 5.25 mi/min at 1.74 bar and 355 K. Equivalent volume at 1.013 bar and 15°C 5.25 «1.74 x 208 = "1013x355 = Increase in induced volume = 7.31 - 4.25 = 3.06 m/min. Increase in indicated power from air induced = 13 x 3.06 = 39.78 kW Increase in LP. due to the increased induction pressure 31 m/min, (1.74 1.013) «10° x 5.25 . 10° x60 Total increase in IP, =39.78+6.36=46.14 kW v. Increase in engine B.P.= Mugg, % 46.14 = 0.78 x 46,14 =35.98 kW From this must be deducted the power required to drive the blower ‘Mass of air delivered by blower 1.74 10° 5.25 = "60x 287% 355 Work input to blower = mc, (356 ~ 288) = 0.149 x 1.008 x 67 Power required 0.149 1.005 x67 . 078 36 kW = 0.149 kes = 12.86 kWDIESEL ENGINE POWER PLANT Net increase in B.P. = 35.98 - 12.86 = 23.12 kW. (Ans.) Example 4.14, A six-cylinder, four stroke CI engine is tested against a water brake dynamometer for which BP. = WN/I7 x 10? in RW where W is the brake load in newton and N is the speed of the engine in the r-p.m. The ‘air consumption was measured by means ofa sharp edged orifice. During the test following observations were taken Bore Stroke Speed Brake load Barometer reading Orifice diameter Coefficient of discharge of = 10cm 0.62 Pressure drop across orifice = Mem of Hg 5°C = 0.32 hg/min, Room temperature Fuel consumption Cateutate the following () The volumetric efficiency ; (ii) The brake mean ‘effective pressure (bmep) ; (it) The engine torque ; (iv) The ‘brake specific fuel consumption (bsfe). wu Solution. (i) Volumetric efficiency, Nay! V,= Swept volume, N 0x2 x No. of cylinders, for 4-stroke. (where N = p.m.) 2500 Gox2 * = 2D*Lx 4 x = Zopxoux 6 4 = 0.137 mvs, Barometer = 76cm Hg 300 = 101.4 kNim? 1013 %* Rr * Daa ¥ +25) = 11844 kg/m? ap = Mem of He FE x126x10% x08] x10 4 = {op * 186% 10" x 9.81 = 18.678 x 103 Nim? Ap =p, «9.81 x h, A, = Head, m of air, causing flow where, 18.678 x 10° ‘ = ESTATE = 1607.5 m of air V, = Volume flow rate of air, at free air conditions =, Ea? ah, or, Ah, 0137 (i) The brake mean effective pressure, Pay, + BW 10 ew = 480% 2500 17 7 = 70.588 kW BP. x10 N = Ppy tx Mxk x6, for six cylinder, four stroke 70.588 x 60 x2 O14 x F (0.1)? «2500 x6 13.57 kNim*. (Ans) = 269.63 Nm. (Ans) (iv) Brake specific fuel consumption, bsfe : imp (kghh) _ 032x 60 bse= "BP. = 70588 = 0.272 kg/kWh. (Ans.) Example 4.15. An engine is required to develop 100 kW, the mechanical efficiency ofthe engine is 86% and the engine uses 55 hy 1h of fuel. Due to improvement in the design and operating conditions, there ds reduction in engine friction {fo the extent of 4.8 KW. Ifthe indicated thermal efficiency remains the same, determine the saving in fuel in kg/h. coPru Solution. Required brake power = 100 kW , 100 Indicated power = 20°. = 11628 kW (\pieated = oe = 0.473 glk Wh, taioted = 136.28 Friction power = 116.28 - 100 = 16.28 kW. Scanned with CamScannerPOWER PLANT ENGINEERING Given that indicated thermal efficiency remains Indicated power = 100 + 11.48 = 111.48 kW same after improvement, the (s/¢);,9, also remains the same. Fuel consumption = 111.48 x 0.473 = 52.73 kg/h After improvement : Saving in fuel = 55 — 52.73 = 2.27 kg/h Brake power = 100 kW 227 Friction power = 16.28 - 4.8 = 11.48 kW or 5g 7 100 = 4.127%. (Ana) Scanned with CamScanner