- Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

1 temperature / AVP ; 1

2 8; 1

3 temperature / concentration OR 1
volume OR amount of enzyme
/ surface
area (of apple) / AVP ;

4 enzymes ; 1

5 1
A - pH 2

6 1
C - to break down large
molecules into small molecules

7 1
D - The specificity of an enzyme
depends on the shape of its
active site.

8 ref. to specificity ; 3
(shape of) active site and
substrate must be
complementary ;
to enable, enzyme and substrate
to bind / enzyme-substrate
complexes to be formed ;
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

9 any two from: 2

low (kinetic) energy ;
for enzymes ;
low rate of (effective) collisions
/ AW ;
slow diffusion (of oxygen) ;

10(a)(i) 1 temperature is a limiting factor 2 max [2]

;
2 increases, (kinetic / heat)
energy / the movement of
molecules / diffusion ;
3 more collisions between
substrate and enzymes ;
4 to speed up chemical
reactions ;
5 stomata open wider ;
6 therefore increased carbon
dioxide entering the leaf / AW ;

10(a)(ii) 1 enzymes are denatured; 2 max [2]

2 enzymes are no longer active
/ AW ;
3 stomata close ;
4 therefore reduced carbon
dioxide entering the leaf / AW ;
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

11(a) candidates have filled in 3

temperatures (lowest to
highest);
times are transferred in correct
sequence 0—20;
colour of indicator recorded
correctly from the diagram of the
students' results in all
columns;

11(b)(i) lipase works best in alkaline 1

conditions/ provides suitable pH
for lipase;

11(b)(ii) idea that both tubes reach the 1

experimental temperature;

11(b)(iii) fatty acids produced by the 2

break down of fat;
(acids) lower pH (causing colour
change);

11(b)(iv) stays blue/ no colour change; 2

enzyme doesn't react/
denatured/ AW;
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

11(b)(v) anomalous 21°C, for 10 min; 2

reason: idea that the colour
changes are not in the expected
order;

11(c) 2 x 2 of: 4
V: enzyme concentration;
C: same source/ concentration
of enzyme/ lipase used in all
tubes;
V: substrate concentration;
C: same source of milk/ same
type of milk/ or named type;
V: indicator;
C: same concentration/ volume
added/ comparison of colour
with chart or meter;
V: timing length of reaction;
C: minute intervals precisely
using timing device;

11(d) idea of more temperatures/ a 2 max [2]

bigger range of temperatures;
idea of smaller/ uniform intervals
between the temperatures;
example of a better way of
measuring pH;
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

12(a) biological/ made by cells; 2 AO1 max [2]

catalyst/ speeds up rate of a
reaction;
made of protein;
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

12(b) tubes 1 and 3 - the effect of 6 AO3 max [6]

pH
1 lyzosyme is active in, 1/ pH
4.0/ acid;
2 cell wall, broken down/
digested/ destroyed in tube 1;
3 no (bacterial) growth in tube
1;
tubes 1 and 4 - the effect of
type of bacteria
4 lysozyme, destroys / AW,
bacteria , A/ in tube 1;
5 lysozyme does not, destroy /
AW, bacteria , B/ in tube 4;
6 ref to specificity to bacteria A/
bacteria B is resistant; ignore
bacteria are immune
7 idea that nothing in (cell wall
of) bacteria B for lysozyme to
digest;
tubes 1 and 2 - the effect of
boiling
8 lysozyme denatured (by
boiling);
9 lysozyme not, active;
10 idea that tube 2 is a control
to show that lysozyme is
responsible for no growth in tube
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

1;

13(a)(i) protease activity, similar/ AW, 3 max [3]

on both sites;
all enzyme activity is, greater/
better/ faster, in site A;
cellulase activity on site A
greater than protease activity on
site A;
cellulase activity, higher on site
A, than site B/ ORA;
cellulase and protease activity
on site B similar;
use of data with units to support do not award data
any of these marking points; quote unqualified
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

13(a)(ii) pH/ water content, no effect on 3 max [3]

protease activity;
cellulase more active, at higher
pH/ less acidic environment;
cellulase more active, at lower
soil moisture;
ref to optimum pH of, protease/
cellulase/ enzymes;
low pH may denature
cellulase;
idea of different leaf
composition;
size of leaves/ surface area/
species of leaf;
different stage of
decomposition;

14(a)(i) volume of, oxygen/ gas, 3 max [3]

increases (with time);
levels off/ reaches a plateau/
I 'reaction stops'
AW;
increases rapidly at start and
then slows down;
3
use of data; e.g. levels off at 6.2cm
of oxygen at 90
seconds
data quotes must have
units
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

14(a)(ii) substrate/ hydrogen peroxide/ 3 max [3] A answers in the

reactant/ AW, fits into context of catalase
enzyme;
I 'speeds up the
active site; reaction'
shape is, complementary/ R if shape is the
AW; same
any reference to lock and key;
product(s)/ oxygen and water, A product and enzyme
formed and leaves the separate e.g. enzyme
enzyme; can work again/
enzyme not used up/
AVP;
enzyme is not changed
during reaction/ lowers
activation energy

15 A substrate; 4
B active site;
C enzyme-substrate complex;
D product(s);

16(a)(i) (ph) 7.5 ; 1 A7.3 — 7.7

16(a)(ii) 4 (min) ; 1 A 3.9 – 4.1

 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

16(a)(iii) hydrochloric acid / stomach, has 2 max [2]

a low pH / pH ≤ 4 ;
(amylase) enzyme, is denatured
R ‘kills enzyme’
/ destroyed / will not function /
AW ;
ecf from graph reading
(amylase) enzyme in saliva
works best in neutral / pH 7.5
;

[Total: 61]