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Practical
Research 1
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Nature of Inquiry
and Research
(Week 1 to Week 2)
Practical Research 1 – Grade 11
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Nature of Inquiry and Research
First Edition, 2020

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Editors: Kathy Lyn G. Daga-as and Charmaine Rose T. Estandarte
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Tejada
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Superintendent
Gilbert B. Barrera – Chief, CLMD
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Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) in Practical Research 1 is prepared so that
you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities,
questions, directions, exercises and discussions are carefully stated for you to
understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-test is provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM.
This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module, or if you need to
ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the
lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these. In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to
the Teachers are also provided to the facilitators and parents for strategies and
reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. Read
the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the Nature and Inquiry and Research. The scope of this module permits it
to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module consists one (1), namely:

• Lesson 1 – Nature of Inquiry and Research

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. share research experiences and knowledge;
2. explain the importance of research in daily life;
3. describe characteristics, processes, and ethics of research;
4. differentiate quantitative from qualitative research; and
5. provide examples of research in areas of interest.

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 What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Encircle the letter of your answer.

1. How does qualitative research differ from quantitative research?

A. Qualitative research is descriptive while quantitative research is pure

experimental.
B. Qualitative research is done by beginners while quantitative research is done by
the experts.
C. Qualitative research presents data in words while quantitative research presents
data in numbers.
D. Qualitative research ensures quality of related literature while quantitative
research counts on quantity of related literature.

2. The following statements are the importance of research EXCEPT _______________.

A. Research can lead to expansion of knowledge and new discoveries.

B. It helps us find ways to allocate scarce resources accordingly.
C. It may not help in studying the effects of observed phenomena.
D. It develops critical thinking and analysis.

3. A researcher studies one gifted student in order to better understand how this
student’s school day differs from that of more typical students. This is a qualitative
study because of the following reasons EXCEPT _____________.

A. It aims to analyse cases and situations using numerical data.

B. It aims to investigate existing situations or problems.
C. It aims to provide solutions to problems.
D. It aims to explore or analyze more certain issues.

4. Which of the following is NOT a purpose of research?

A. To construct or create new procedures or systems

B. To serve as a basis for decision-making
C. To deprive someone of the knowledge he/she needs to know
D. To prove or disprove a theory

5. Which of the following is the advantage of qualitative research?

A. It is instrumental for positive and societal changes.

B. It involves a lot of researcher’s subjectivity in data analysis.
C. It is hard to know the validity or reliability of the data.
D. It is open-ended questions yield “data overload” that requires long-time analysis.

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 Lesson
Nature of Inquiry and
1 Research
Lesson 1 introduces the key concepts of research: its definition, importance,
characteristics, processes and ethics in conducting a study. Moreover, this lesson
also distinguishes the differences between the two (2) approaches in research which
are qualitative and quantitative.

What’s In

Share your Experiences!

Instructions: Answer the following questions based on your experiences in the past.
Write your answers on the blank provided.

1. Have you ever experienced asking questions to search for answers? What
questions did you ask about?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

2. How did you ask those questions to your interviewees?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

3. Based on your experience/s, how did you feel after getting the answers you have
been seeking for?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Notes to the Teacher

All activities need your expertise and supervision.
Please, take time to have consultations along the
research process.

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 What’s New

Research has played a very important role in every aspect of profession,

education, business, economy, culture and so. It has become a tool for the
improvement of a particular organization or institution.

“We learn more by looking

for the answer to a question
and not finding it than we do
from learning the answer itself.”
-Lloyd Alexander-
1. What does the author mean about the statement?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

What is It

Is Research Necessary?

Research is derived from the words “re” meaning again, a new or over again
and “search” meaning to examine closely and carefully, to test and try, or to probe.
Together they form a noun describing “a careful, systematic, patient study and
investigation in some field of knowledge, undertaken to establish facts or principles”.
In other words, Research is a “structured enquiry that utilizes acceptable scientific
methodology, to solve problems and create new knowledge that is generally
applicable”. Scientific methods consist of systematic observation, classification and
interpretation of data. It is important because a) it can expand knowledge and new
discoveries; b) it can help us look for ways to allocate scarce resources accordingly;
and c) it can develop critical thinking and analysis skills (Kothari, 2002). Thus, it
discusses the purpose of research.

In conducting research, there are certain ethical principles that a researcher

should possess to ensure important moral and social values are. Žukauskas,
Vveinhardt and Andriukaitienė (2017) emphasize that the researcher must possess
honesty, objectivity, morality, integrity, carefulness, openness, respect to intellectual
property, confidentiality, responsible publication, legitimacy and anti-
discrimination.

If the researcher possesses honesty, s/he does not fabricate, falsify, or

misrepresent data; objectivity, if s/he avoids or minimizes bias or self-deception;
morality, if s/he possesses the code of conduct that would be accepted by anyone;

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integrity, if s/he keeps his/her promises and agreements; carefulness, if s/he avoids
careless errors and negligence; openness, if s/he is open to criticism and new ideas;
respect to intellectual property, if s/he learns to acknowledge ideas and give credits
to the rightful owner; confidentiality, if s/he discloses sensitive and personal
information to protect the identity of the person; responsible publication, if s/he
avoids wasteful and duplicative publication; legitimacy, if s/he gives accurate results
of the study; and anti-discrimination, if s/he does not discriminate someone else’s
culture, tradition, language, race, et.

There are two (2) approaches/processes to research namely quantitative and

qualitative researches. Quantitative research is based on collecting and analyzing
numerical data. It concentrates on measuring the scale, range, and frequency of
phenomena, among other factors. On the other hand, qualitative research is more
subjective in nature. It involves examining and reflecting on the less tangible aspects
of a research, such as values, attitudes, and perceptions.

What’s More

Activity 1.1. Let’s Compare and Contrast!

Instructions: Based on the text, identify the similarities and differences of
quantitative approach from qualitative approach through a Venn diagram.

Quantitative Qualitative
Research Research

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Rubric for Activity 1.1.
Criteria Description/s Points
Content 5 Comprehensiveness of information and ideas
Organization 5 Presentation of ideas
Grammar 5 Free from ungrammatical structures and misspelled
words

What I Have Learned

Activity 1.2. Tell What You’ve Got!

A. Instructions: Answer the following questions based on what you have understood
in the above article.

1. What is research?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

2. Is research important to our daily lives? If yes, how?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

3. Based on your own understanding, how does research affect the lives of every
individual? How does it affect our society?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

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 What I Can Do

Activity 1.3. Let’s Dig Deeper!

A. Provide the information needed based on what you have read above. Fill your
answers on the space provided.

What are the purposes

of Research?

1._________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2._________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3._________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

4._________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

5._________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

B. Read the situation below and answer the following questions.

Patrick conducted a research study in his Qualitative Research subject entitled
“The Traditions, Language and Literature of B’laan Tribe in South Cotabato:
An Ethnographic Study.” He took five (5) participants to be interviewed
following the inclusion criteria that he set. He made sure that the participants
are not divulge to protect their identity. On the other hand, he used voice
recorder, field notes and an interpreter to make sure that the data he gathered
are correct and free from any errors. He was also taking extra precautions to
use words that are free from any forms of biases and discriminatory words
that may hurt the culture of Blaan tribe. Moreover, in order to support the
research findings, Patrick cited related literature and studies and gave credits
where the credit is due.

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What are the ethical principles that Patrick observed in the study he conducted? Why
did you say so? What ethical principles did he not observe? Is it necessary for him to
use those ethical principles?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Assessment

Instructions. Identify the word/s being described. Write your answer/s on the space
provided.

_________________1. It is a structured enquiry that utilizes acceptable scientific

methodology, to solve problems and create new knowledge that is generally
applicable.

_________________2. These refer to the moral and social values that a researcher
should possess in conducting a research.

_________________3. It is an approach in research that is more subjective in nature.

It involves examining and reflecting on the less tangible aspects of a research, such
as values, attitudes, and perceptions.

_________________4. It is an approach in research that is based on collecting and

analyzing numerical data. It concentrates on measuring the scale, range, and
frequency of phenomena, among other factors.

_________________5. It consists of systematic observation, classification and

interpretation of data.

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 Additional Activities

Activity 1.4 Let’s Do Some Research!

Instructions: Look for a sample research (of any topic) that uses qualitative approach
as a method in conducting the study. Then, answer the following:

a. What is the title of the research paper?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
b. Who is/are the author/s?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

c. What are the research questions used by the researcher/s?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

d. Who are the respondents/participants of the study?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

e. What are the findings and the conclusion/implication of the study?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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 Answer Key

Methods
Scientific 5.
Research
Approach/
Quantitative 4.
Research
Approach/
Qualitative 3.
in Research A 5.
Research/Ethics C 4.
Principles of A 3.
Ethical 2. C 2.
Research 1. C 1.

Assessment What I Know

References
Introduction to research and research methods. (2014). Retrieved
from, http://www.brad.ac.uk/management/media/
management/els/Introduction-to-Research-and- Research-Methods.
Žukauskas, P., Vveinhardt, J. & Andriukaitienė, R. (2017). Research ethics.
Retrieved from, https://www.intechopen.com/
books/management-culture-and-corporate-social-responsibility/
research-ethics

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: region12@deped.gov.ph

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