STATISTICS

AND
PROBABILITY

QUARTER 3 WEEK 5

LAS 5.1 Illustrates random sampling

LAS 5.2 Distinguishes between parameter and statistic
LAS 5.3 Identifies sampling distribution of statistics
(sample mean)

DEVELOPMENT TEAM

Writer
Harlen B. Brioso
T - II

Editor
Reynaldo C. Cañezo, Jr.
MT – 1, Subject Group Head, ABM/Math Group

Reviewer
Dioleta B. Borais
EPS 1, Mathematics
 TABACO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Panal, Tabaco City

Name: ____________________________Grade and Section____________ Date:________

Learning Area: Statistics and Probability (Quarter 3 week 5)
Title : Illustrating Random Sampling
Objective: Illustrate Random Sampling
Learning Activity:

A population refers to the entire group that is under study or investigation.

A sample is a subset taken from a population, either by random or non-random sampling techniques. A
sample is a representation of the population where one hopes to draw valid conclusions from about the
population.
A random sampling is a selection of 𝑛 elements derived from a population 𝑁, which is the subject of
the investigation or experiment, where each sample point has an equal chance of being selected using
the appropriate sampling technique.
A frequency distribution is a list or table that displays the frequency of various outcomes in a sample.

Practice/ Exercise:

A. A sample of investment experts was asked to give their opinion as to where they would invest their
money. The following are their responses.

Stocks Real estate Real estate

Precious metals Art Precious metals
Real estate Precious metals Commodities
Art Precious metals Foreign money
Precious metals Commodities Commodities
Stocks Foreign money Stocks
Stocks Stocks Real estate
Real estate Stocks Real estate
Commodities Stocks Real estate
Stocks Precious metals Real estate
Real estate Real estate Foreign money

Construct a table to show the frequency distribution of the given responses.

Type of Investment Frequency Distribution

Stocks
Precious metals
Real state
Art
Commodities
Foreign money

B. Norma wants to know the common number of children her classmates’ families have. Which of the
following samples is a good representation of the class? Why?
1.A sample consisting of Norma’s friends
2.A sample consisting of students belonging to rich families.
3. A sample consisting of students whose names were drawn from a box all the names of students in
Norma’s class.

This is an idea of representativeness which leads to the importance of random sampling, a method of
drawing out a sample from a population without a definite plan, purpose, or pattern.
 Evaluation: Illustrate random sampling

1. Create a problem that involves random sampling.

2. Construct a table that shows the frequency distribution of the samples.
3. What learning discovered in doing such activity? Would you be able to use this in your life? How
why?

References

[1] Jesus Mercado Next Century Mathematics: Statistics and Probability, Phoenix Publishing House,
Inc., 2016.
[2[ Rene R. Belencina et. Al, Statistics and Probability, Rex Book Store, 2016.
 TABACO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Panal, Tabaco City

Name: ____________________________Grade and Section____________ Date:________

Learning Area: Statistics and Probability (Quarter 3 week 5)
Title: Distinguishing between parameter and statistic
Objective: Distinguishes between parameter and statistic
Learning Activity:
Analyze the given definition and comparison chart of statistic and parameter.
In statistics vocabulary, we often deal with the terms parameter and statistic, which play a vital role in the
determination of the sample size. Parameter implies a summary description of the characteristics of the target
population. On the other extreme, the statistic is a summary value of a small group of population

-Definition of Statistic
A statistic is defined as a numerical value, which is obtained from a sample of data. It is a descriptive
statistical measure and function of sample observation. A sample is described as a fraction of the
population, which represents the entire population in all its characteristics. The common use of statistic
is to estimate a particular population parameter. From the given population, it is possible to draw
multiple samples, and the result (statistic) obtained from different samples will vary, which depends on
the samples.

-Definition of Parameter
A fixed characteristic of population based on all the elements of the population is termed as the
parameter. Here population refers to an aggregate of all units under consideration, which share
common characteristics. It is a numerical value that remains unchanged, as every member of the
population is surveyed to know the parameter. It indicates true value, which is obtained after the census
is conducted.

Practice /Exercise:
A. Jumble the letters that corresponds to the given definition.
1. AATD- facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis.
2. NIOTALUPOP- an aggregate observation of subjects grouped together by a common feature
3. ELPMSA- a small part or quantity intended to show what the whole is like.
4.UAIESMMRZ- give a brief statement of the main points of (something).
5. PRMTRSAAEE- a numerical or other measurable factor forming one of a set that defines a system or
sets the conditions of its operation.

B. Differentiate parameter to statistic.

 Evaluation:
Distinguish the parameter and statistic in the given statements. Encircle the parameter and underline
the statistic.
1.A researcher wants to know the average weight of females aged 22 years or older in Sorsogon. The
researcher obtains the average weight of 54 kg, from a random sample of 40 females.

2.A researcher wants to estimate the average amount of water consumed by male teenagers in a day.
From a simple random sample of 55 male teens the researcher obtains an average of 1.5 litres of water.

References

[1] Jesus Mercado Next Century Mathematics: Statistics and Probability, Phoenix Publishing House,
Inc., 2016.
[2[ Rene R. Belencina et. Al, Statistics and Probability, Rex Book Store, 2016.
 TABACO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Panal, Tabaco City

Name: ____________________________Grade and Section____________ Date: ________

Learning Area: Statistics and Probability (Quarter 3 week 5)
Title : Identifying sampling distribution of statistics (sample mean)
Objective : Identifies sampling distribution of statistics (sample mean)
Learning Activity:

A sampling distribution is the probability distribution when all possible samples of size 𝑛 are
repeatedly drawn from a population
A combination is a selection of items from a collection, such that the order of the selection does
not matter.

How do we identify the sampling distribution of the sample means?

Suppose we have a population of size N with a mean 𝜇, and we draw or select all possible samples of
size n from this population. Naturally, we expect to get different values of the means for each sample.
The sample means may be less than, greater than, or equal to the population mean 𝜇.
The sample means obtained will from a frequency and the corresponding probability distribution can be
constructed. This distribution is called the sampling distribution of the sample means.

Study the given example: A population consists of five values (Php2, Php 3, Php 4, Php 5, Php6). A
sample of size 2 is to be taken from this population.
∑" $%&%'%(%)
a. What is the population mean? 𝜇 = # = (
=4
b. How many samples are possible? 10 is the total number of all possible combination for choosing 2
elements at a time from 5 distinct elements considering the order of elements in statistics &
probability surveys or experiments.
c. List all the possible random samples and arrange the observations in ascending order without
replacement and repetition then compute the sample mean of each random sample.

Random sample (n=2) Sample mean

2,3 2.5
2,4 3
2,5 3.5
2,6 4
3,4 3.5
3,5 4
3,6 4.5
4,5 4.5
4,6 5
5,6 5.5

*
Observe that 2.5, 3, 5 and 5.5 appeared only once; thus, their probability is 𝑃(𝑋) = or 0.1. Since
*+
$
3.5, 4, and 4.5 appeared twice, their probability is 𝑃(𝑋) = *+ or 0.2.

d. Identify/ Construct the sampling distribution of the sample means.

Sample Mean Probability

2.5 0.1
3 0.1
3.5 0.2
4 0.2
4.5 0.2
5 0.1
5.5 0.1

Observe that the total probability of all the sample means must be equal to 1.
 Practice/ Exercise:

Find the mean of the following sets of data.

Set of data Mean

1. 18, 19, 20, 21, 22,21, 20, 19, 17, 17, 16,
16, 16
2. 5,3,6,9, 7,2,10,8
3. 18,16,19,22,20, 15,23,21,21
4. 76,69,63,82,29,83,64,71,76
5. 36,37,37,38,23,30,35

Evaluation:
Identify the sampling distribution of the sample mean given the set of data below:
86, 89, 92, 95, 98 ( A sample of size 3 is to be taken from this population.)

1. What is the population mean?

2. How many samples are possible?

3. List all the possible random samples and compute the mean of each sample by completing the
table below
Random sample (n=3) Sample mean
86,89,92 89

4. Identify/ Construct the sampling distribution of the sample means by completing the table below

Sample Mean Probability

89 0.1

References

[1] Jesus Mercado Next Century Mathematics: Statistics and Probability, Phoenix Publishing House,
Inc., 2016.
[2[ Rene R. Belencina et. Al, Statistics and Probability, Rex Book Store, 2016.

---------- End of Week 5 ----------