Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the following questions from 1 to 7.
Fossil fuels are the cause of many problems. They create terrible pollution which leads to global
warming. Many wars are fought to control oil and gas fields. Fossil fuels are also nonrenewable
resources. They will be exhausted some day. Societies around the world suffer when fuel shortages
occur.
Can solar power completely replace fossil fuels? Solar power is clean, safe, and inexpensive. But
the idea of replacing fossil fuels with solar power alone is totally unrealistic. Current solar cell technology
is not advanced enough. Solar cells are not dependable. They are useless in cloudy and rainy weather as
well as at night. Also, they take up too much space. Then they fail to produce sufficient amounts of
power.
The soft energy path is a good alternative to fossil fuel reliance. The soft energy path is an energy
conservation plan. It is an alternative to the hard energy path. Hard energy is defined as harmful and
nonrenewable. Fossil fuels and nuclear power are included. On the other hand, soft energy is defined as
renewable and environmentally safe energy. Solar and wind power are soft energy. Biofuel and
geothermal energy are also included.
There are many proponents of the soft energy path. They believe the solution lies in new energy
production methods. The first step is to practice careful conservation in our use of hard energy
technologies. Then, many new soft energy sources will be phased into use as soft energy technology
improves.
Some critics claim this will damage all energy production. They feel fossil fuels are important.
They want to control as much oil production as possible. They think fossil fuel consumption is good for
industry.
Countries such as Canada and Sweden are taking the soft energy path. Canada is currently
lessening its reliance on gasoline. In the next few years, all gasoline will contain a percentage of biofuel.
Sweden has committed to decrease its reliance on oil by 40%. It says it can do this before the year 2020.
(Adapted from Master skills for TOEFL reading)
Question 1: The word “lessening” in the passage is closest in meaning to________.
A. producing B. increasing C. reducing D. depending
Question 2: The word “exhausted” in the passage is closest in meaning to_______.
A. used up B. worn out C. burned D. wasted
Question 3: Which of the following is TRUE about the soft energy path?
A. It is biofuel and geothermal energy. B. It is harmful and nonrenewable fuel.
C. It is an energy conservation plan. D. It is useless in cloudy and rainy weather.
Question 4: According to paragraph 6, all the following are true EXCEPT:
A. Sweden will cut down on the consumption of oil by 90% in the future.
B. Canada is trying to use less gasoline every year.
C. The soft energy path has been adopted by Canada and Sweden.
D. All gasoline in Canada will contain some biofuel in a few years.
Question 5: Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. Problems of Fossil Fuels B. Alternative Energy Sources
C. Unrealistic Soft Energy Path D. Sufficient Energy Production