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 PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE
Contents

1 SOIL GEOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1 SOIL GEOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
 1. SOIL GEOGRAPHY

NARAYAN CHANGDER
1.1 SOIL GEOGRAPHY
1. When you hear the word “potash”, what
element does it refer to?
A. Phosphorus
B. Nitrogen
C. Potassium
D. Iron

2. Moisture is absorbed by of the plant.

A. Leaves
B. Stem
C. Seed A. Blocky
D. Root B. Granular
C. Massive
3. What physical property of soil determines
D. Platy
if it retains water?
E. Prismatic
A. color
5. Which subfield of Geography studies the
B. particle size
Earth’s climate?
C. texture
A. Meteorology
D. weight B. Biogeography

4. What is the structure type of these 2 C. Geomorphology

peds? D. Climatology

1. C 2. D 3. B 4. E 5. D
1.1 SOIL GEOGRAPHY 3

6. The R layer below the parent material is 10. Where soil formation and soil develop-
ment takes place?

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A. Biosphere
B. Pedosphere
C. Atmosphere
D. Hydrosphere

A. Solid rock 11. What land conservation practice is shown

B. Clay and mineral deposits in the picture?
C. A mixture of minerals and organic ma-
terial
D. Mostly organic material (humus)
7. The consolidated rock, with little evidence
of weathering
A. O
B. R
A. contour farming
C. A
D. C B. strip cropping

8. Which particle is the most porous and al- C. terracing

lows for the most water to travel between D. no till farming
them?
A. silt 12. If your soil sample has 35% sand, 40%
B. sand silt and 25% clay, identify the soil texture
C. clay using the soil texture triangle provided to
you.
D. loam
A. silt
9. What land conservation practice is shown
in the picture? B. clay loam
C. loam
D. silt loam

13. One key role of soil is to

A. Provides support and nutrients to
plants
A. contour farming
B. Eat
B. strip cropping
C. terracing C. Utilized for fuel
D. no till farming D. Be your best friend

6. A 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. B 11. B 12. C 13. A

1.1 SOIL GEOGRAPHY 4

14. What land conservation practice is shown 19. What material makes up 5% of an Ideal
in the picture? soil?
A. Air
B. Water
C. Minerals
D. Organic matter

NARAYAN CHANGDER
20. Which Land Capability Class has the
A. contour farming fewest limitations?
B. strip cropping
A. I
C. terracing
B. IV
D. no till farming
C. V
15. Which of the following are the macronu-
trients that can be absorbed atmospheri- D. VIII
cally?
21. This is the nutrient that is a key component
A. Phosphorus, Nitrogen and Carbon of DNA-necessary for maturation and root
B. Carbon, Nitrogen, Potassium development
C. Nitrogen, Oxygen and Carbon A. Nitrogen
D. Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen B. Phosphorous
16. What is the gas layer of Earth called? C. Potassium
A. Lithosphere D. All of the above
B. Biosphere
E. None of the above
C. Hydrosphere
D. Atmosphere 22. When plants, animals, and other organ-
isms die, they break down and become
17. Which of the following locations would part of the soil. What is this part of the
most likely produce soil with the greatest soil called?
amount of organic matter?
A. sand
A. A desert with very high temperatures
B. A prairie with lots of grasses and flow- B. silt
ers C. clay
C. A mountain with extremely cold winds D. humus
D. A river with quickly moving water
23. Deccan Plateau is rich in this soil.
18. If a soil or solution is base then it is
A. Red soil
A. Above 8 PH
B. Near 7 PH B. Black soil
C. Below 6 PH C. alluvial soil
D. none of above D. laterite soil

14. C 15. D 16. D 17. B 18. B 19. D 20. A 21. B 22. D 23. B 24. A
1.1 SOIL GEOGRAPHY 5

24. The layer of soil which the topsoil is found. C. Below 6 PH

A. Horizon A D. none of above

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B. Horizon B
30. Topsoil is also known as
C. Horizon C
D. Horizon D or R A. Horizon A

25. This is the nutrient that plants need to B. Horizons AB

form the amino acids needed to assemble C. Horizon BE
proteins
D. Horizon C
A. Nitrogen
B. Phosphorous 31. Humus is
C. Potassium
D. All of the above
E. None of the above

26. Which land capability class has very se-

vere limitations and require very careful
management?
A. I
A. the dead parts of plants and animals in
B. IV soil.
C. V B. A food we eat with pretzels.
D. VIII
C. The tiny particles inside of soil
27. Bacteria belong to this factor of soil forma- D. The roots that come off of a plant and
tion live in soil.
A. Climate
B. Living Organisms 32. The other name for phosphorus is
C. Time A. Potash
D. Parent Material B. Phosphate
28. Which soil horizon is lighter in color and is C. Nitrogen
comprised of subsoil?
D. Manganese
A. R horizon
B. A horizon 33. Which of the following is a characteristic
C. B horizon of silt?

D. C horizon A. Rough, gritty feeling

29. If a soil or solution is alkaline then it is B. Flat/Platy shape

A. Above 8 PH C. Reduces water holding capacity

B. Near 7 PH D. Improves water holding capacity

25. A 26. B 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. A 31. A 32. B 33. D

1.1 SOIL GEOGRAPHY 6

34. The photo of a plant shows that the leaves 38. Which type of soil conservation strategy
turn orange and yellow from the outside in. is being used in this picture?
Which primary nutrient is lacking when a
plant shows signs like this?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. windbreakers
B. contour farming
A. Potassium and Phosphorus C. planting of vegetation
B. Potassium D. terracing
C. Nitrogen
39. How to remove moisture in the soil?
D. Phosphorus
A. By Freezing the soil
35. is the largest particle found in the soil.
B. By Cooling the soil
A. sand
C. By Heating the soil
B. silt
D. none of above
C. clay
D. none of above 40. What land class that restricts the use of
plants?
36. ‘PVT’ stands for-
A. Class 2
A. Pressure, volume, temperature
B. Class 3
B. Precipitation, volcano, Time
C. Class 5
C. Pressure, volcano, Time
D. Class 7
D. Precipitation, Volume, Temperature
41. Which soil horizon is most likely to erode
37. Which of the following methods of farming first?
enables farmers to grow different crops on
the same land depending on the season? A. Oh Horizon
B. A horizon
C. B horizon
D. C horizon

42. Pedology is the study of

A. Crop rotation A. Flowers
B. Contour planting B. Leaves
C. Crop cultivation C. Soil
D. Strip planting D. Plants

34. B 35. A 36. A 37. A 38. D 39. C 40. D 41. B 42. C 43. A
1.1 SOIL GEOGRAPHY 7

43. Which primary plant nutrient promotes 49. Which of the following is not a process of
strong root growth in young seedlings? chemical weathering?

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A. Phosphorus A. Solution
B. Potassium B. Expansion
C. Nitrogen C. Carbonation
D. Iron
D. Hydration
44. Which subfield of Geography studies the
origin of landforms on Earth? 50. Which of these is not a passive factor of
pedogenesis?
A. Meteorology
A. parent material
B. Biogeography
C. Geomorphology B. climate

D. Pedology C. topography

45. Why do plants need soil? D. time

A. shade, shelter, water, food 51. This is the nutrient that plants depend
B. photosynthesis & chlorophyll upon most for water uptake
C. homes for plant roots and insects A. Nitrogen
D. water, air, nutrients, anchorage B. Phosphorous
46. What is the study of soil on Earth called? C. Potassium
A. Meteorology D. All of the above
B. Biogeography E. None of the above
C. Geomorphology
52. A vertical section of a soil profile removed
D. Pedology from the field and mounted for display or
47. CEC stands for study is called

A. Calcium elasticity condition A. Predatory

B. Cation Exchange Capacity B. Polypedon
C. Cool electrons chart C. Monolith
D. Clint ends cats lives D. Series
48. It is the landform built by the deposits of
53. How many Land Capability Classes are
alluvium in low lying areas where streams
there?
and river flow?
A. Alluvial Soil A. 4

B. Colluvial B. 6
C. Residual Soil C. 8
D. None of the above D. 10

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1.1 SOIL GEOGRAPHY 8

54. If your soil sample from your farm or gar- B. silt

den has 25% sand, 40% silt and 35%.
C. clay
What is the texture of your soil?
D. sandy soil

59. What is the study of the Earth’s atmo-

sphere (weather) called?
A. Meteorology

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Biogeography
C. Geomorphology
D. Pedology
A. clay
60. The soil horizons together make up the soil
B. clay loam
C. loam
A. Strata
D. sandy clay
B. Pedigree
55. The relative proportion of sand, silt and
C. Parallel
clay is called as
A. soil aggregate D. Profile

B. soil colour 61. The soil PH is 5.5, which nutrient is least

C. soil structure exchanged
D. soil Texture

56. Which one of these is NOT a macro-

nutrient
A. Nitrogen
B. Calcium
C. Boron
D. Potassium
A. Phosphorus
57. Rock is broken into smaller and smaller
pieces over time by all of the following B. Iron
forces EXCEPT- C. Copper
A. Flowing water D. Nitrogen
B. Blowing wind
62. The strength of a ped is called its
C. Cooling sand
D. Moving ice A. structure
B. structure type
58. Loose soil with large grains and does not
hold water well is called C. structure grade
A. dirty soil D. structure class

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1.1 SOIL GEOGRAPHY 9

63. This is a corn leaf. It shows a sign of nu- B. Small Letters

trient deficiency where the leaves turn yel- C. Vowels Only
low but the veins stay green. What nutri-

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ent deficiency is it? D. Consonant Only

68. A material that plants and animals need to

live and grow is called
A. food
B. nutrient
C. calorie
D. soil

69. If a soil or solution is acidic then it is

A. Nitrogen A. Above 8 PH
B. Iron B. Near 7 PH
C. Phosphorus C. Below 6 PH
D. Potassium D. none of above

64. What is the study of Earth’s climate 70. What is the water layer of Earth called?
called? A. Lithosphere
A. Meteorology B. Biosphere
B. Biogeography C. Hydrosphere
C. Geomorphology D. Atmosphere
D. Climatology
71. What does PH stand for?
65. Which category of Geography studies ev- A. Potassium Hydrate
erything related to nature?
B. Potential Hydrogen
A. Physical Geography
C. Probably Horsing around
B. Human Geography
D. Acidic solution
C. Meteorology
72. What type of soil water is used by plants?
D. Climatology
A. hygroscopic
66. The classification of plants and animals is
B. capillary
A. Horticulture
C. gravitational
B. Taxonomy
D. all types of soil water
C. Anatomy
73. An ideal soil structure would be
D. Mycology
A. Clumpy-forms aggregates that hold
67. The master horizons in the soil profile are their shape
designed using B. Loose-the soil does not form aggre-
A. Capital Letters gates or shape

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1.1 SOIL GEOGRAPHY 10

C. Granular-forms small crumbly aggre- D. Breaking down of rock by wind, water,

gates and ice
D. Solid-the soil is impermeable like ce- 79. What is the ideal pH for plants?
ment
A. 6-7.5
74. The shape of a ped is called its B. 7.5-9
A. structure C. 5-6.5
B. structure type

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. 4-5.5
C. structure grade
80. The leaves of a plant gets orange and yel-
D. structure class low from the inside out due to a lack of
75. Which of the following material is affected what element?
by hydration process?
A. Granite
B. Clay
C. Quartz
D. Salts
A. Phosphorus
76. If one nutrient is absent or toxic then what B. Potassium
could be happen to a plant
C. Nitrogen
A. Alter the cellular structure of the plant
D. Nitrogen and Phosphorus
resulting in defects or deficiencies
B. nothing will happen to the plant 81. What land conservation practice is shown
in the picture?
C. Possible create a new variation of that
plant due to the plant stress
D. The plant could join a union and protest
the maltreatment

77. What is the solid layer of Earth called?

A. Lithosphere
B. Biosphere
A. contour farming
C. Hydrosphere
B. strip cropping
D. Atmosphere
C. terracing
78. Which of the following processes will most D. no till farming
likely contribute to the development of
soil? 82. What type of soil water forms as a very
A. Volcanic eruptions thin film surrounding soil particles and is
generally not available to the plant? It
B. Building up of snow in very cold areas is bound so tightly to the soil by adhe-
C. Migration of animals to warmer cli- sion properties that very little of it can be
mates taken up by plant roots.

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1.1 SOIL GEOGRAPHY 11

A. capillary A. Blocky
B. gravitational B. Granular

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C. hygroscopic C. Massive
D. flowing D. Platy
E. Prismatic
83. Are podzol soils acidic or alkaline?
A. Acidic 88. This refers to a type of water that can es-
cape from the soil.
B. Alkaline
A. capillary
84. A student made a mixture of sand, tiny B. hygroscopic
rocks, small twigs, and some leaves. This
student has modeled C. flowing
D. gravitational
A. how rocks change over time.
B. life cycle of plants. 89. The higher the cation exchance capacity
(CEC) of a soil sample, the
C. the formation of soil.
A. Weaker the soil’s capacity to hold onto
D. how landforms are created. water and nutrients
85. Choose all correct answers. Bedrock B. Stronger the soil’s capacity to hold
A. is the bottom layer of soil. onto water and nutrients
B. is the soil where plants and roots are C. Greater the risk of nutrient leaching
found. D. Greater the porespace
C. contains lots of plant nutrients. 90. percolation is
D. is solid rock with no plant roots or nu- A. liquid slowly passing through a filter
trients.
B. Liquids ability to enter the surface
86. Choose all correct answers. Subsoil layer of soil
A. contains some minerals washed down C. A perk of drinking Cola
from the top. D. none of above
B. will only allow large tree roots to grow. 91. Which of the following is not a primary nu-
C. a mixture of rock and soil. trient required for plant growth?
D. is the middle section of soil. A. Calcium
B. Phosphorus
87. What is the main structure type of this
soil? C. Potassium
D. Nitrogen
92. Which soil horizon is contains decomposed
plants and animals?
A. A Horizon
B. B Horizon
C. C Horizon
D. Oh Horizon

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1.1 SOIL GEOGRAPHY 12

93. Which category of Geography studies ev- C. topsoil

erything related to people and relation- D. subsoil
ships between them?
A. Physical Geography 99. Which land class is hardest to farm?
B. Human Geography A. Class 1
C. Meteorology B. Class 2
D. Climatology C. Class 5

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Class 8
94. Choose all correct answers. Soil
A. is a mixture of tiny rock particles. 100. Which soil horizon is comprised of
bedrock?
B. is minerals from decayed plants and
animals. A. R horizon
C. kills living things. B. A horizon
D. provides nutrients to plants. C. B horizon
E. is always brown. D. C horizon

95. What is the lower size limit of sand? 101. How do factors such as pore space and
A. 0.05mm compaction affect plant growth?

B. 0.2mm A. Compacted soils reduce the availability

of water and oxygen to plant roots
C. 2.0mm
B. Soils with large amounts of porespace
D. Both a and c enable roots to absorb more water and
96. Which of the following is the correct order soil
of soil particles in order of increasing par- C. Soils with small amounts of porespace
ticle size? are less likely to undergo nutrient leach-
A. clay-sand-silt ing

B. sand-clay-silt D. Compacted soils have less porespace,

which reduces the availability of water,
C. silt-clay-sand nutrients and oxygen
D. clay-silt-sand E. All of the above are accurate
97. What are the three components of soil? 102. What is the structure type of this ped?
A. insects, sand, topsoil
B. clay, sand, humus
C. topsoil, subsoil, bedrock
D. earthworms, sand, silt

98. What is the name of the TOP layer of soil,

where plants and nutrients are found?
A. bedrock A. Blocky
B. silt B. Granular

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1.1 SOIL GEOGRAPHY 13

C. Massive 107. Soil moisture is the water that is stored

D. Platy in the soil.

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A. True
E. Prismatic
B. False
103. is the type of soil used most often
with plants. It is a mixture of clay, sand, 108. Soil is composed of all of these natural
and silt. materials EXCEPT-
A. weathered rock
B. plant matter
C. plastic substances
D. animal remains

109. The arrangement and organization of pri-

mary and secondary particles in a soil
A. loam mass is known as
B. humus A. Soil texture
C. mud B. Soil structure
D. dirt C. soil aggregate
D. soil density
104. What material makes up 45% of an Ideal
soil? 110. Which of the following are structureless?
A. Air A. Granular
B. Water B. Massive
C. Minerals C. Platy
D. Organic matter D. Prismatic

105. What is a micro-nutrient E. Single Grain

A. An element that is need in large quan- 111. Which subfield of Geography studies the
tity Earth’s atmosphere?
B. A nutrient needed in low quantity A. Meteorology
C. An element that has a large atomic B. Biogeography
mass C. Geomorphology
D. A nutrient that is essential for HUMAN D. Pedology
life
112. What is the study of living organisms on
106. What does the hydrosphere include? Earth called?
A. All the plants and animals on Earth A. Meteorology
B. The gas layer of Earth B. Biogeography
C. The solid layer of Earth C. Geomorphology
D. The water layer of Earth D. Pedology

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1.1 SOIL GEOGRAPHY 14

113. One component of soil is decayed plant A. weathered rocks and minerals
and animal remains, but the major compo- B. dead plants and animals
nent of soil is
C. air and water
A. Fossil fuels
D. all of the above
B. Weathered rocks
C. Iron ore 119. Father of soil science
D. Salt water A. Jenny

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Dokuchaev
114. Which of these is an immature soil?
C. joffee
A. Histosol
B. Aridisol D. Bound

C. Oxisol 120. Phosphate deficiency is seen by what col-

D. Entisol oring of the plant?
A. purple
115. Which element makes plant green?
B. bluish
A. Potassium
C. brown
B. Nitrogen
D. yellow
C. Phosphorus
D. Magnesium 121. The water holding capacity is the highest
in Soil.
116. Infiltration is
A. Clayey Soil
A. Waters ability to enter the surface
layer B. Sandy soil

B. An Inverted Filtration practice C. Loamy Soil

C. Inside of a train station D. none of above

D. Liquid slowly passing through a filter 122. Soil formation begins with the weather-
ing of
117. What is the study of Earth’s landscapes,
people, places, and environments called? A. Public Relations
A. Atmosphere B. Subsoil
B. Geography C. Litter
C. Biosphere D. Bedock
D. Hydrosphere 123. What name is given to the soil conserva-
118. Soil is made of tion technique used on steep slopes?

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1.1 SOIL GEOGRAPHY 15

A. Tilling 127. To slowly break down and rot is called

B. Crop Rotation/ Shifting A. subsoil

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C. Terracing B. erosion
D. Windbreaks C. humus
124. How do windbreaks conserve soil? D. decay

128. The ability or capacity of the soil to ab-

sorb a limit of water is called
A. Moisture in soil
B. Absorption percentage
A. Cut platforms into steep slopes to pre- C. Erosion of soil
vent runoff D. Percolation Rate
B. Mini terraces prevent excess water
loss 129. How do plants contribute to the forma-
tion of soil? Plants
C. Dead crops left to fertilize the ground
A. cover the soil and shade it from sun-
D. Vegetation prevents soil erosion by
light.
wind
B. die, decompose and become part of
125. This term indicates the relative content the soil.
of particles of various sizes, such as sand,
silt and clay in the soil. C. use soil to grow and develop over time.
D. support the animal life in the soil.

130. How would the soil be different in an

area that gets very little rainfall? The soil
would contain
A. much smaller pieces of rock
A. texture B. many insects and worms
B. type C. a greater variety of plants
C. pH D. less water and organic matter
D. nutrient content
131. What is a macro-nutrient
126. What land capability class has severe re- A. An element that is need in large quan-
strictions but is still suitable for cultivation tity
with careful management?
B. A nutrient needed in low quantity
A. Class 4
C. An element that has a large atomic
B. Class 5 mass
C. Class 7 D. A nutrient that is essential for HUMAN
D. Class 8 life

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1.1 SOIL GEOGRAPHY 16

132. Choose all correct answers. Weathering C. Higher OM content in horizon O

is when D. None of the above
A. rocks break down or break apart.
136. Which soil contains the lowest capacity
B. the ocean water comes in for high tide. to hold water?
C. tree roots cause cracks. A. Loamy soil
D. ice and water break apart pavement. B. Clayey soil

NARAYAN CHANGDER
133. The larger the surface area the easier it C. Sandy soil
is for the soil to D. None of these
A. allow water to pass
137. The part of the soil body which is greatly
B. to absorb minerals influenced by biological activity or plant
C. to hold water roots.

D. None of these A. bedrock

B. atmosphere
134. Which is NOT an important micro-
organism in soil? C. pit
D. only
A. Bacteria
B. Fungi 138. This land is capable of a wide variety of
agricultural uses that involve regular cul-
C. Mineral
tivation where in fact, the easiest land to
D. Worms farm. Which land and soil class does it re-
fer to?
135. Which of the following statements are
not correct about soil horizons? A. Land and Soil Capability Class 8

A. Horizons A and B are true soil B. Land and Soil Capability Class 3

B. Higher amount of clay content in hori- C. Land and Soil Capability Class 2
zon A D. Land and Soil Capability Class 1

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