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Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata

Earth System Process (ES1201, Spring 2024)

Assignment-3

Instructor: Gaurav Shukla

Note: You may be requested to submit the part of assignment in the We Learn System. For that, please
submit the scanned copy of the worked out (hand-written only) assignment. You are free to discuss
among yourselves. However, any attempt to copy blindly or use of AI based software will result in zero
marks for everyone involved. You need to write answers based on your own understanding.

1. What is the Ekman spiral? Explain why Ekman transport occurs and what role it plays in
the formation of oceanic gyres.
2. Explain the Southern Oscillation. What happens to atmospheric and oceanic circulation in
the tropical pacific during an ENSO event? How is biological productivity affected during
this (ENSO) event?
3. Briefly explain the formation of geostrophic current.
4. Discuss the bottom-water formation and its importance for driving deep ocean circulation.
5. Explain the linking of thermohaline and wind-driven surface ocean circulation. What is
meant by thermohaline conveyor belt?

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