Answer :

a. C6H8O6 + I3- → C6H6O6 + 2H+ + 3I-

b. C6H8O6 → C6H6O6 + 2H+ + 2e
c. Vitamin C is reductant, I3- is oxidant
d. Mmol I3- = 0,0156 M x 18,93 mL = 0,2953 mmol
e. Mmol vitamin C = 1/1 x 0,2953 mmol = 0,2953 mmol
Mmol/L vitamin C = 0.2953 mmol/0,025 L = 11,812 mmol/L
f. Vitamin C in 250 mL sample = (250/25)*0,011812 mol/L = 0,1182 mol/L
Vitamin C in 20 mL undiluted sample = (250 mL x 0,1182 mol/L)/20 mL
= 1,4775 mol/L

Answer :
a. 2 Na2S2O3 + I2 → 2 NaI + Na2S4O6
b. We need to add oversize acid and potassium iodide in order to make sure all the analyte
(Chlorine) reacted to produce I2
c. The function of starch is as indicator to show the end point clearly (from blue color to white
or colourless)
d. Mol of sodium thiosulphate = 0,01362 L x 0,0967 mol/L = 0,001317 mol
Mol of iodine = mol of chlorine = (1/2) x 0,001317 mol = 0,000659 mol
Mass of chlorine in 1,345 g sample = 0,000659 mol x 71 g/mol = 0,0468 gram
Mass of chlorine in 100 g sample = (100 g/1,345 g) x 0,0468 = 3,476 gram
Answer :
a. H2O2 + 2I- + 2H3O+ → I2 + 4H2O
b. I2 + 2S2O32- → 2I- + S4O62-
c. mmol S2O32- = 0,1012 mmol/ml x 17,04 ml = 1,7244 mmol
d. mmol H2O2 = 1/2 x 1,7244 mmol = 0,8622 mmol
mmol/L H2O2 = 0,8622 mmol/0,001 L = 862,2 mmol/L
e. mol H2O2 = 0,8622 mmol/1000 = 0,0008622 mol
g H2O2 = 0,0008622 mol x 34 g/mol = 0,0293 gram
g/L H2O2 = 0,0293/0,001 L = 29,31 g/L
f. 1. The pycnometer was cleaned with acetone and dried.
2. The pycnometer is weighed empty.
3. The pycnometer is opened and the lid is perforated (capillary) then filled with distilled
water and be weighed.
4. The pycnometer is emptied and cleaned to be used again,
5. It is dried and filled with the hair bleach water and weighed
6. Spesific gravity is determined by comparing the weight of the hair bleach water and the
weight of distilled water in the same volume at the same temperature.

Answer :
a. By comparing the peak area
b. 250/100 x (90 mg) = 225 mg caffeine
c. ¼ x (360 mg) = 90 mg
d. Because the retention time of a caffeine standard and sample is same
Answer :
a. C6H8O6 (aq) → C6H6O6 (aq) + 2H+ (aq) + 2e-
b. Mol I3- = 3,13 x 10-6 mol
c. Mol C6H8O6 = 3,13 x 10-6 mol
d. M C6H8O6 in undiluted fruit juice = 0,001565 mol/liter

Answer :
a. x/50 = 2,5 % → x = 1,25 mL
b. The retention time
c. The number of molecules (ethanol) in the standard
d. Peak number 2 (7,625/1223675), because has the same retention time as standard
e. Ethanol in the standard = (4/50)*1,25 mL = 0,100 mL
Ethanol in the sample = (1223675/1022769)*0,100 mL = 0,119 mL
f. % ethanol in the sample = (0,119/4)*100% = 2,975%
g. % ethanol in the syrup = (100/10)*2,975% = 29,75%
Answer :
a. Corrosive and hazardous to respiratory system/carninogenic
b. In on skin (or hair) : remove/take of immediately all contaminated clothing, rinse skin with
water/shower. Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
c. Exposure to the spilled material may be severely irritating or toxic. Follow personal
protective equipment recommendations found in Section 8 of this SDS. Personal protective
equipment needs must be evaluated based on information provided on this sheet and the
special circumstances created by the spill including; the material spilled, the quantity of the
spill, the area in which the spill occurred, and the expertise of employees in the area
responding to the spill. Never exceed any occupational exposure limits. Prevent the spread of
any spill to minimize harm to human health and the environment if safe to do so. Wear
complete and proper personal protective equipment following the recommendation Of Section
8 at a minimum. Dike with suitable absorbent material like granulated day. Gather and store
in a sealed container pending a waste disposal evaluation. Contain spilled liquid with sand or
earth. DO NOT use combustible materials such as sawdust. Use appropnate personal
protective equipment as stated in Section 8 of this MSDS. Advise the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) and appropriate state agencies, if required. Absorb spill with inert
material (e.g., dry sand or earth), then place in a chemical waste container. Vacuum or sweep
up material and place in a disposal container.
d. Respiratory protection (respirator)
Eye protection (chemical splash goggle)
Skin protection (chemical resistant gloves, an apron, and other protection equipment)

Answer :
25 𝑚𝑙 𝑥 100 𝑚𝑔/𝐿
a. Concentration of Ethyl Propionat = = 50 mg/L
50 𝑚𝐿
b. The biggest retention time will be ethyl propionate because it moves slower than ethyl acetate
due to the molecular mass
Answer :
a. Component A(trA) = 30 minutes
Component B (trB) = 50 minutes
b. Unretained peak (tm) = 5 minutes
Retention factor for component A
𝑡𝑟−𝑡𝑚 30−5 25
k’A = = = =5
𝑡𝑚 5 5

Retention factor for component B

𝑡𝑟−𝑡𝑚 50−5 45
k’B = = = =9
𝑡𝑚 5 5

c. The Resolution
Wb A = 40-20 = 20
Wb B = 60-40 = 20
𝑡𝑟 𝐵−𝑡𝑟 𝐴 50−30 20
Rs = 1 = = =1
2
(𝑊𝑏 𝐴+𝑊𝑏 𝐵) 20 20

𝑅𝑠 2
d. LC2 = x LC 1
𝑅𝑠 1
1,75
= x 25 cm
1
= 43,75 cm

Answer :
a. Pure sodium hydroxide is a colourless crystalline solid
b. Corrosive solids, causes severe skin burns and eye damage. Dust from corrosive solids can be
inheald and cause irritation or burns to the respiratory tract.
c. Protective gloves, eye protection (safety goggles), safety mask, laboratory coat, safety shoes.
d. Rinse skin with water at least 15 minutes.