2019 3rd International Conference on Recent Developments in Control, Automation & Power Engineering (RDCAPE)

Load Management and Techno Economic Analysis of

Grid-Connected Power System
$UYDVX&KLNDUD'LY\D$VLMD3DOODYL&KRXGHNHU, Shivam Kumar4
,4$PLW\8QLYHUVLW\8WWDU3UDGHVK1RLGD8WWDU3UDGHVK,QGLD
DUYDVXFKLNDUD#\DKRRLQGDVLMD#DPLW\HGXSDFKRXGHNDU#DPLW\HGX, 4shivam20498@gmail.com

Abstract— This paper proposes a hybrid system to analyze has a large part of the population which is dependent upon
the techno-economic analysis of grid connected power system. extra unused power. Thus, it needs micro grid systems that are
Case study has been done on a school in the northern city of grid connected and utilizing non-renewable and renewable
India, Uttar Pradesh. The hybrid system comprises of diesel sources of energy. It will be cost effective [1, 2], generator
generator and solar photovoltaic as an effective option to manage
sizing requirement and associated cost will be less [2, 3, 7],
the typical load or demand of the school thereby bringing down
the further electrification cost. The hybrid model has been combination of different sources will provide high efficiency
proposed for different load variations that would effectively [5, 6, 7]. Thus, economic analysis [8] has been done to find
reduce the operation and maintenance cost. A proper survey and the overall efficiency of the system for managing load
study has been conducted for finding the load requirements of demand.
the school to compute accurate results. The Hybrid Optimization
of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) software is used to The rest of the paper is organized in the following manner. In
assess the economics of the hybrid system to provide clean and Section II site characteristic has been studied along with solar
renewable energy. Further, comparative studies for different energy potential. Description of different hybrid models and
scenarios have been done for the proposed model so as to provide
proposed cases is done in Section III. Section IV deals with
viable option to move forward renewable sources in the given
case. the cost analysis and comparison of different technologies.
Final conclusion and result is presented in Section V.
Keywords— Net present cost (NPC); Techno-Economic
Analysis; Solar Photo Voltaic; HOMER
II. SITE CHARACTERSTICS
Noida is located in the North of India and is the part of the
I. INTRODUCTION national capital region (NCR). Noida is about 25 kilometers
The burning of depleting fossil fuels for power generation southeast of New Delhi and the temperature ranges from a
has detrimental impact on human life and climate. The ever maximum of 48` to minimum of 28` in the summer. The
increasing demand- supply gap, crumbling electricity school is located in Sector 56, Noida (Latitude- 28,5355 and
transmission and distribution infrastructure are the manifold Longitude- 77,3910)
challenges faced by the industry right now. In view of this, PV-
diesel hybrid system promises lot of opportunities in remote
areas with merits like managing ecological balance and
reduced fuel consumption.
Techno Economic Analysis is mainly a cost-benefit
comparison using different methods. These assessments help
by evaluating the economic feasibility of the system and
investigating the cash flow over a predetermined period. It also
showcases the possibility of using different technology of
generation and its applications.
The combination of two or more modes of electricity
generation together, usually using renewable technologies are
known as hybrid power system. Such systems incorporate
several electricity generating elements with usually one major
controlling system enabling it to supply energy. The main
objective of this paper is to analyze the load requirements of
the school and to propose a cost effective load management
model that is environment friendly and also assisting in
reducing the cost of electrification. Fig. 1. Geographical view of proposed site
A. LITERATURE REVIEW The school is spread over an area of 21,400 square meters
with an estimated total of 2700 students and teachers,
Micro grid systems came into existence in order to fulfill the
including all the support and technical staff.
unavailability of electricity for a limited period of time. A
country like India which suffers from heavy power outages

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 2019 3rd International Conference on Recent Developments in Control, Automation & Power Engineering (RDCAPE)

A.
Solar Energy Potential
The solar radiation data of the selected site can be
uploaded in the HOMER by providing the location
coordinates (longitude and latitude) and the daily radiation in
KWh/m2/day of the region.
hr with the peak load of 900 kW. This load or peak demands
to determine the maximum size requirement of the generating
unit. Fig.3 indicates the load profile of the proposed location
for different months of the year.

Fig. 3. Seasonal load profile of proposed site

Fig. 2. Global horizontal radiation for the proposed site
Load profile of the proposed site will assist in modelling of
hybrid generation unit.
Table I Average clearness index and radiation for 2018
III.
METHODOLOGY
Daily Radiation
Clearness Index For the determination of the best possible micro grid, all the
Months (kWh/m2/d)
January 0.613 3.731 economic and technological requirements need to be examined
to utilize HOMER.
February 0.616 4.493
HOMER stands for Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy
March 0.627 5.553 Resources and greatly simplifies the task of designing hybrid
0.621 6.374 renewable micro grids. It can evaluate feasibility of large
April
number of technological options and variations in costs,
May 0.611 6.782 electric load, and resource availability.
0.573 6.520 1.)
Net present cost (NPC): NPC indicates the installation
June
cost and the operating cost of the system throughout its
0.487 4.988
July lifetime which is calculated as
August 0.474 4.988 NPC =TAC/CRF(i, Rpr)
0.588 5.476
TAC is the total annual cost, CRF is capital recovery factor
September and Rpr is the project life time in year.
October 0.654 5.061 i is the no of system installed.
November 0.643 4.074 A.
Description of the proposed system
December 0.613 3.731 There are three different system model considered for
0.585 5.160 managing the load requirement of the site:-
Average
CASE I
We have considered the full load supplied by the diesel
Fig.2 and Table 1 indicates the horizontal radiation pattern, generator only. The size of the generator is taken to be
average clearness index for a year. It is directly associated 1200Kw which would fulfill the complete load demand of the
with the site geographical parameters. This data will help in school.
designing of PV generator which associate with conventional
diesel generator to work as a hybrid generating module.

B.
Load Profile

The area under consideration is an educational institute which
has capacity of more than 2500 students. The major load is
during the working hours that is from 07:00 to 15:00 hr. The
maximum load has been observed in the time 09:00 to 11:00

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 2019 3rd International Conference on Recent Developments in Control, Automation & Power Engineering (RDCAPE)

Homer model for casell consisting of hybrid generation model

shown in figure 6. Total cost of system model considering
different cost parameters has been shown in figure 7.

Fig. 4. System Model with diesel generator

Figure 4 shows the HOMER model of the proposed system

with only diesel generator.

Fig. 7. Total cost of system model with diesel generator and Solar PV

CASE III
In this case we will take 30% load from PV panels and
remaining 70% from diesel generator and grid-connected
generators. For this a generator of 800 Kw along with grid and
converter is used for simulation the system.

Fig. 5. Total cost of system model with diesel generator

Total cost of system model with diesel generation is shown in

figure 5. It includes initial cost of system operating or running
cost of system, total fuel cost and net project cost (NPC). The
red line in the figure 5 indicates the starting and ending
parameters.

CASE II
In this case we will provide 20% of load requirement from the
PV panels and remaining 80% from the diesel generator. Thus
Fig. 8. System model with 70% load requirement from diesel generator
it is hybrid system consisting of diesel generator and PV and 30% load requirement from Solar PV
generator.

Fig. 9. Total cost of system model with diesel generator, Solar PV and grid
connected generators

Fig. 6. System model with 80% load requirement from diesel generator and Total cost of system model including all cost parameters for
20% load requirement from Solar PV
hybrid grid connected system is shown in figure 9. The blue

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 2019 3rd International Conference on Recent Developments in Control, Automation & Power Engineering (RDCAPE)

line in the figure 9 indicates the starting and ending Hence in this case the total savings as compared with the base
parameters. case will be 13.09 percent. The institution will be saving
1,537,662 $ per year if they use combination of both the
systems.
IV.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

It clearly total cost of generation unit for three cases has been V.
CONCLUSION
shown in table II that if we use only diesel generator as a
source of power, the total net project cost comes out to be As per the economic criteria, the load requirement by the
11,741,700 $, whereas if we use the combination of two institution is less and therefore standalone micro-grids that are
generating units or hybrid system i.e. both diesel generator and self powered tends to be more advantageous. Standalone
PV panel, the total net project cost minimizes to 10,204,038 $. micro-grids are appropriate option for less load demand.
The total net profit of the two cases will be as follows: Installation of these types of systems ensures the better supply
during the required time and it can also be used for surplus
Table II. Total cost of generation unit for 3 cases load demand. Moreover, the connections of this equipment are
less complicated than the components that are grid connected.
Components In the proposed system, different hybrid generators have been
Diesel Total considered and it is found that hybrid system having 30% load
Initial Operati requirement fulfilled by Solar PV and remaining 70% by
Assumptio genera Total Fuel
Cases Diesel Capit ng Cost
ns
Grid
tor
Generat
PV
al ($) ($/yr)
NPC ($) Cost diesel generators have net lower project cost. In technical
output Panel ($/yr) terms if there is increment in load demand in the upcoming
or
efficien
cy
years then the hybrid system is suitable for sharing that load
100% Gen1:
without upgradation of the system. This system has an
diesel 600 KW, 11,741,7 411,30 advantage as it can be expanded in the near without
1 Yes 80% No 18,000 917,107
Generator Gen2: 00 1 interrupting the supply as compared to grid-connected system.
(Base case) 600 KW These systems have less complexity than the large
20% PV & Gen1:
Gen1: transmission and distribution systems. Hence standalone
80% 430 KW, 155,89 10,414,5 312,13
2 Yes 80% 180 802,504 micro-grid system using the renewable sources of energy
diesel Gen2: 2 89 6
KW
Generator 430 KW proves to be more beneficial in all parameters both by social
30% PV & Gen1: and economic means.
Gen1:
70% 400 KW, 226,33 10,204,0 293,50
3 Yes 80% 270 780,523
diesel Gen2: 8 38 8
KW
Generator 400 KW



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CASE I
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