BEGGING NEGATIVE IMPACT ON THE WORLD COMMUNITY

Dr.Naushad Khan
Institute of Development Studies, The University of Agriculture Peshawar
Email:- drkhan@aup.edu.pk
Shah Fahad
Department of Rural Sociology Student of B.Sc (Hons) Agriculture

ABSTRACT
The study was carried in Jan, 2020. The major objective was to review the begging negative impact
on world community. Total Ninety one articles were downloaded from the net web and read in depth ten
times and draw the conclusion how much the begging has negative impact on the world community. The
review concludes that begging is very dangerous for world community. The beggars do not work but depend
on other and enjoy the life very well. Different reviews show that beggars have good pattern of food and
some beggars have constructed good house and purchase land for their families and have good bank balance
while some are very poor and have not sufficient money for their basic needs fulfillment. The review further
told that beggary is a bad occupation which is started due to poverty in the world. The poor people always
engage in this activity due to their poverty and sometime they make a good team and through this team
sometime children are forced to begging while in this business majority children are involved forcefully.
Sometime parents send their children for begging into market. It is the time of their education while they
spend most time in begging and not get the skill and training for their future, so that they left illiterate. It was
also observed that beggar migrated from rural to urban and from one country to other for the purpose of
begging for earning the money for their livelihood. So they take interest in this job for ever which negatively
affect the world economy badly and make the world community in sorrowful condition. Begging strength in
the developing world is more than the developed countries of the world. The per capita income of the
developing countries are low and so they have less investment in the capitalization and because of this the
job generation is less than the developed countries and the unemployment problem is more and sever, which
in the long create different problems in the country and decrease the growth of the economy which latter on
increase the number of beggaries in the country. No proper planning in the developing countries is existed
for begging reduction. Some programs are working for its controlling while their output is to some extent
zero. Beggars not only do the begging but also they play great role in different crimes of the world. The
young genders are sexually harassed and sometime kidnapped by someone. Different programs were
launched for its controlling but still the issue is not solved by world government. So it is necessary for the
government of the world to identify beggar number in the world countries and discuss this issue in their

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parliament and make good policy for their control and keep good fund in the budget for its solution. This is
the serious problems of the developing countries of the world So for its control purpose Anti poverty and anti
begging law should be developed everywhere in the world. Fund should be increased for solution of this
problem. Employment should be provided to beggar in the country. Multiple program in the country should
be multiplied for poverty alleviation. Train officers should be selected for the control of begging in police
departments and in social welfare departments. Charity program should be launched for begging removal in
the country in a proper way. Charity foundation should be established in the countries of the world and
charity fund should be deposited by people in this foundation and then in proper way this fund should be
distributed among the beggaries who have a right and through this way begging will be ended from the
society of the world.

Key Words:- Review, Beggary, Negative, Impact, World Economy

1. INTRODUCTION

Begging is the fun and skill through which without work money is earn. They do not work and they have
special skill which is used for earning the money. Sometime parent are not work. They sit at their home and
send their children for begging. The parent enjoys the life and children are begging in the street and earn the
money for their parent. Sometime young one are kidnapped and then they are used for the begging
forcefully which violate rule regulation of the world organization UNICIF but still no one has taken action
against this activity which have affected the world economy badly particularly in the developing countries.
Delap (2009) reported that forced child begging is a problem in the world and different techniques by master mind are
used for snatching the children in the net. So many programs were launched for its controlling but the programs still
not succeeded in this mission in the world. Children forcefully work in begging and sometime parents and religious
teachers are also involved in begging behind the screen while sometime parent used their disabled children. The study
further told that begging is the crucial factor which make the world environment unfavorable and create poverty in the
world because the beggaries of the world do not work but depend on other people earning which decrease per capita
income of the world and also spread different problems to world community. The people highly take interest in
begging in the country and do not take interest in working because they very easily earn money and enjoy the life
which latter on attract the other beggaries to this track and path in the world. The condition of the beggary in
different country and region of the world is different. In some places the beggaries has constructed house and
food pattern is better while in some area beggary money is less and they cannot fulfill their basic needs. They
have no house while they live in the open air. Majority beggaries migrated from village to city because in
city the people per capita income is more and they pay more zakat and hirath than the rural area. So for
begging they come to urban area for their livelihood. There in city more jobs are available and the chances of

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beggary are less and very less number beggaries are seeing there. So it also depend on the job availability but
poor people mostly involve in begging but sometime the drug abuser are also engaged in this activity. It is
the universal penmen of the world and due to high population pressures, it day by day increasing which
negatively affect the world economy. Mirjat et al (2017) discussed that begging is the most unconventional, social
evil and curse in a society of the world but, it is also an integrated socio-economic factor in a society. There are so
many area of Pakistan where large numbers of beggars are begging and they also used heroin and ice drugs in this area.
Among these area Peshawar and Lahore is very well known. So begging is the curse evil which make the community
unfavorable and ruin the society of the world. Seeing to its importance the present study was arranged to review
the begging negative impact on the world community.

2. METHODS AND MATERIAL

Begging is the big issue in the world community. All country of the world try for its solution but not succeed still. Day
by day this problem is increasing in the world community due to high population pressure because family growth and
economic growth affect the economy of the world inversely. Economic growth increases the percapita income of the
world while on the other side family growth negatively affects per person income of the world. They are used and
expedite this activity in the world which violet the rule regulation of the world scieoniro which affect children by
different angle. The present study universe is the whole world. Total ninety one articles were downloaded from the net
and ten times read each article and according to objectives the result was concluded.

3. REVIEW OF BEGGING NEGATIVE IMPACT ON WORLD ECONOMY

Mirjat et al (2017) discussed that Begging is the most unconventional, social evil and curse in a society of
the world but, it is also an integrated socio-economic factor in a society. It is the universal problem of the
world and while the present study was carried out in Hyderabad division in Sindh and total 385 respondents
were studied in the study area. The result indicates that poverty, unemployment, crime, educational
background are the factors which positively associated with the begging. So it is the government
responsibility to focus on begging in the study area and to solve this problem because it play great role in the
development of a country. Delap (2009) reported that forced child begging is a problem in the world and
different techniques by master mind are used which violet the rule regulation of the world scieoniro which
affect children by different angle. So many programs were launched for its controlling but the problem has
still captured the whole world. Children forcefully work in this project and sometime parents and religious
teachers are involved in begging behind the secionerio while in some area of the world parent mostly involve

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in this activity. They sometime used their disabled children for this business and for improvement of their
economy. The study further told that begging is the crucial factor which make the world environment
unfavorable and create poverty in the world because the beggary do not work but get the money from the
people which decrease per capita income of the world and spread different problems to world community.
The people highly focus on the begging in the country and do not take interest in working because they very
easily earn money and enjoy the life which latter on increase the beggary strength in the world. Groce et. al,
(2014) reviewed a literature. They told that begging is the great problem but this issue is still not discussed
by any government in the assembly debate. So it is necessary to include this issue at country level in the
assembly debate and keep some budget for its solution in the country. It is hoped that the review will also
encourage other researchers, policy makers and advocates in international development, public health,
economics and disability to also begin to look more closely at those people with disabilities who beg for part
or all of their livings – as well as to question societies, cultures and economic systems where such a role is
considered appropriate or even tolerable for so many. It is important to consider, as increasing numbers of
countries move from low- to middle-income status, and as the world community implements the UN
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and begins to negotiate the new Sustainable
Development Goals which will replace the Millennium Development Goals, that disabled beggars should no
longer remain outside the policy debate. As this literature review has shown however, relatively little
research has been undertaken on this largely invisible population. Far more research and documentation is
needed to understanding this group if viable alternatives to begging on the street are to be generated for
persons with disabilities(https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_emp/---
fp_skills/documents/publication/wcms_310228.pdf ) Khan et. al (2013) analyzed the spatial variations in the
availability of housing and household amenities and facilities among the beggars’ households in Aligarh
district of Uttar Pradesh. The study is based on primary source of data collected through field survey in the
Aligarh district carried out during 2009. Spatial analysis of the present research work reveals that the high
level of household facilities is witnessed in the longitudinal central and eastern parts of the district, while,
western parts recorded the low level of household facilities among beggars. Moreover, the central part of the
district witnesses low level development in the district, while, the high level of development was found in the
peripheral parts of the district. Will the new government be able to address the many economic problems the
country currently faces? This will need political resolve as well as careful planning. A small step in that
direction was taken by the appointment of a panel of experts to assist the Planning Commission to come up
with a program of change and reform. The panel is made up of the best economists available to the country,
and they should be able to come up with a program aimed at structural reform. The fact that the Planning
Commission has taken that step suggests that the new government is giving the role of strategic thinking to

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the organization that was created for this purpose more than half a century ago. The Commission was
overshadowed by the Ministry of Finance during the Musharraf period for the reason that the man who
headed the ministry did not have the self-confidence to ask for advice. During his tenure, economic
policymaking became ad hoc, subject to personal whims and pressures exerted by powerful groups of
lobbyists. What should the panel focus on in attempting to develop a program? It must aim to achieve three
goals. First, it must convince those interested in the economy that the country is serious about reform and
development. Two, it must come up with a plan to rescue the country from the economic meltdown it is
currently experiencing. Three, it must put the economy on a trajectory of growth that is not only sustainable
but would increase national income at a rate comparable to that of other large Asian economies. A high rate
of economic growth is needed to provide employment to those seeking work, bringing women into the
workforce, and reducing inter-personal and inter-regional income disparities. It always helps to focus on the
positives when thought is being given to the development of a medium-term growth strategy. All the talk
about current economic stress has diverted attention away from what are the positive features of the Pakistani
economy. I would like to mention at least three of these. First, is the agriculture sector, long neglected by the
federal government’s policies in favor of some other parts of the economy? I have held the view for a long
time that Pakistan’s policymakers should give a very high priority to agriculture. The sector should lead the
rest of the economy, provide jobs in both rural and urban areas, and increase exports. The second advantage
resides in the country’s large population that should be educated and trained to become an asset rather than a
burden for the economy. The third is Pakistan’s location in the middle of the most rapidly growing parts of
the global economy. The conclusion shows that this type activity will play great role in poverty and begging
reduction in the country. Good planning is only the solution for uplifting the economy of the country.. So it
is the duty of the government to make good plan in the country for future development and for this purpose
good economist and filed participants should also be including in this game.
(http://npolicy.org/article.php?aid=326&rid=6).

Hondt & Vandewiele (1984) studied the various motives for begging and giving alms and discusses youth's
attitude towards the issue. Its tentative conclusion is that despite the overall acceptance of the phenomenon
for religious reasons, a position of principle, there are clear indications of an increasingly critical attitude
towards begging. Norberg’s (1985) analyzed the relationship between the rich and poor at their closest point
of contact: poor relief. This study provides a revealing account of one society’s response to poverty. Turner
(1887) has done a detailed work to illustrate the impostures of the vagrant and the beggar in the middle age is
most detectable reading. In his fascinating study of a community of Chinese beggars, Schak (1988) offers

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evidence that challenges widely held theories on poverty. It is a path-breaking, systematic anthropological
study that challenges long-held beliefs about poverty, and it is one of the few works on beggars available. He
concludes that the severe stigma of gambling, adultery, and failure to marry proved the stimulus for a
younger generation to leave begging behind. Carroll (1996) analyzed the conflicting truths what poets,
pamphleteers, government functionaries, and dramatists of the period, said about beggars and 20 vagabonds
in Tudor-Stuart England and point out the various aesthetic, political, and socio-economic purposes
Renaissance constructions of beggary were made to serve. Hartley (1999) wrote a book with contributions
from academics, beggars themselves and passers-by. It covers the significance of face to face contact
between beggars and passers-by, the preoccupation with the classification of beggars, public attitudes and the
stigma of begging and begging as a form of informal economic activity. Lu (1999) analyzed of mendicancy
as a competitive urban profession in modern Shanghai, a city that had one of the nation’s largest armies of
street beggars and was in many aspects the best case to reveal mendicancy in urban China. He provides a
glimpse of the rich variety of public views on mendicancy that, taken together, formed a culture on poverty.
By examining the relations between the state and vagrants, the author suggested that the absence of state
intervention in the beggars’ world brought forth begging rackets and politics. Charlesworth (1999) explained
the historical development of certain aspects of poor relief in England and Wales and their connection with
the treatment of vagrants and also the historical link between early statutes controlling both the movement of
laborers and the destitute in the fourteenth century and the later parochial responsibility for the relief of
poverty which led both to the inclusion of vagrancy provisions within the 1601 Poor Relief Act, and the
continuing quasi-legal connection between vagrancy provisions and the relief of poverty. McIntosh &
Erskine (2000) explored the nature of the begging encounter. This article does this through an investigation
of the people’s attitudes towards, and experiences of, being approached by people begging. The data are
derived from interviews with people who work in the centre of Edinburg and are regularly involved in
begging encounters. The study of Butovskaya et al. (2000) tested the hypothesis that altruism in the form of
alms giving would be greater within than between ethnic groups, and greater between more closely related
groups than between more distant groups. The three groups chosen for study were ethnic Russians,
Moldavians, and Gypsies. The Gypsies were mainly girls, contrary to the Russian sample. Multivariate
analysis identified three main strategies: active, personified, and appeasing-undirected. Russian strategies
were most variable. The few adults were highly submissive or friendly. Nevertheless, their success was
limited compared with that of ethnic Russians despite the 21 latter’s demanding behavior and their being
mostly mature or elderly persons. Moldavians received an intermediate amount of charity. Jowett, et al.
(2001) presented a report about begging in relation to drugs and alcohol and homelessness based on research
carried out in Manchester, Bristol, London and Brighton, involving people who beg, the public, police

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officers, hostel and day centre staff. This report investigates what money from begging is spent on, the
reasons why people beg and public perspectives on begging. Kudriavtseva (2001) presents the empirical data
that show the use of a broad range of significant social categories: health, old age (and, as result, incapacity),
profession, family, abode, etc. the author concludes that begging is not a typical characteristic of an
underclass in modern transforming Russian society. Fitzpatrick & Kennedy (2001) made qualitative study in
Glasgow and Edinburgh city centers which demonstrated a close relationship between begging and rough
sleeping, and the complex needs and desperate circumstances of the people engaged in these activities. Philip
(2002) pointed out the impact of law and law enforcement on people who are homeless or at risk of
homelessness. This paper argues that many homeless people are discriminated against by the formulation and
application of law without regard to socioeconomic status. The author proposes legal, social and economic
responses aimed at constructing sustainable pathways out of homelessness. Damon (2002) examined the
process of naming populations and social problems and the example taken for this descriptive and
methodological exercise is the abbreviation SDF which stands for sans domicile fixe (meaning “with no
permanent residence”) and is a generally accepted shorthand term for homeless people. The author has
clarified the profile of the population and the living experience of those commonly denoted by a variety of
different terms, such as roofless, socially excluded, tramps, vagrants, beggars, homeless and so forth.
Andrew (2003) studied Asian Development Bank (ADB)’s report on best practice concerning street children
in the Asia-Pacific region, and potential areas of strategic intervention for ADB. The report is based on a
literature survey and the experience of the author in the region. CRISIS (2003) emphasized on policies of
enforcement that will increase street homeless people’s contact with the police and the criminal justice
system. If policies designed to tackle begging is to be effective it is essential that they aim to deal 22 with the
root causes of the problem and address the gaps in support and services, enabling and empowering people to
escape their plight. Banks et al. (2003) investigates the links among homelessness, begging, and substance
misuse in five major U.K. towns and cities. It is based on interviews conducted with police officers, hostel
workers, and others, as well as a survey of those who regularly beg and members of the public who give to
them. Drug misuse was the norm rather than the exception among both beggars and homeless individuals and
is overtaking alcohol misuse. The majorities of homeless people beg at some time but also engage in a range
of other criminal activity to subsidize their existence. They are frequently targeted for violence by young
males. Drug treatment services are insufficient, and the lack of follow-up care often negates the results. Short
term and patchy funding exacerbates the problem. There is a serious lack of provision of hostel
accommodation, especially for women. Significantly, many homeless individuals are products of the local
authority child care system. It concludes that drug misuse is widespread amongst beggars and rough sleepers.
It also discusses some of the issues concerning care and support services available to the homeless.

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The book of Maxwell (2003), providing expository comment, is fundamentally designed as a source of
practical application for our daily Christian walk. Moens et al. (2004) pointed out that trafficking in persons
occurs within Senegalese borders and internationally to, through, and from Senegal. This assessment
uncovered indicators strongly suggesting that this problem will escalate if, these actors do not begin to
combat the problem immediately. Kim (2004) examines beggars, gypsies, rogues, and vagrants presented in
early modern English drama, with the discussion of how these peripatetic characters represent the discourses
of vagrancy of the period. Thus, by exploring diverse associations and investments regarding vagrants, this
study demonstrates that the early modern discourses of vagrancy have been informed and inflected by
shifting economic, socio-historical, and national interests and demands. International Labour Organisation
(2004) pointed that this working paper is one of a series of rapid assessments of bonded labour in Pakistan,
each of which examines a different economic sector. This paper examines labour arrangements and bonded
labour in domestic work and begging. 23 Philip (2005) gave an overview of the problem of begging and the
public interest and value in responding to that problem. He also discusses a range of legal and public policy
initiatives, both domestic and international, designed to respond to begging. It is mentioned by him that there
are clear associations between begging, homelessness, poverty, mental illness and drug dependency and
inadequate access to housing, income support and health care services. Woubishet (2005) examined the
picture the life of the urban poor on the streets and churchyards of Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia. The
author studied the socio-economic and historical trajectories of poverty in the country. Several programs had
developed and organizational structures for monitoring poverty and implementing pro-poor policies. Smith
(2005) examined 71 U.S. cities to determine what factors influence a city's propensity to enact anti-begging
regulations. The author has used logistic regression results to indicate that cities with higher welfare benefits
are less likely to regulate begging. He also used the traditional economic model of rational choice to examine
why some U.S. cities regulate begging and others do not. Operation Dodger (2005) began as a result of the
Police and the Community Safety Team (CST) of the Brighton & Hove City Council (BHCC) receiving a
vast number of complaints regarding the activities of persons engaged in street drinking and begging.
Residents, traders and tourists had also reported a dramatic increase in their fear of crime. The National
Intelligence Model (NIM) process identified significant crime trends within these same hotspot areas. The
Supreme Court has ruled that asking for money is a form of protected speech. However, it has also ruled that
restrictions on the time, place, and manner of begging are constitutional. The paper of Smith (2005)
examined 71 U.S. cities to determine what factors influence a city's propensity to enact anti-begging
regulations. The results indicated that cities with higher welfare benefits were less likely to regulate begging.
Cities with higher crime rates, higher proportions of disabled citizens, and higher proportions of college-
educated citizens, and cities that are more densely populated are more likely to regulate begging. Lu (2005)

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gave a rich and comprehensive study of beggars’ culture and the institution of mendicancy in China from late
imperial times to the mid-twentieth century, with a glance at the resurgence of beggars in China today.
Generously illustrated, the book brings to life the concepts and practices of mendicancy 24 including
organized begging, state and society relations as reflected in the issues of poverty, public opinions of beggars
and various factors that contribute to alms giving, the role of gender in begging, and street people and
Communist politics. Evelyn (2006) deals with roofless people’s use of public space. This paper is based
upon a study in Oslo conducted in spring 2006. Although, the study is limited both in scale and time, it might
provide some important and perhaps general knowledge about living in the streets and being without a
private room. Meert et al. (2006) analyses the profile of the homeless from a qualitative perspective. This
paper is based on work performed within the European Observatory on Homelessness (Feantsa). In France
and Spain two newspapers were analyzed in detail, focusing on their news coverage in 2003 of the
homelessness (thus excluding, for instance, homelessness due to natural disasters in Third World countries).
Adriaenssens and Cle (2006) give an account of the extensive sociography of begging and beggars conducted
in Brussels. This paper provides the data which mainly consist of two surveys taken from beggars in Brussels
in the autumn of 2005 and spring 2006. The author surveyed the differences between beggars originating
from Eastern Europe and autochthonous’ beggars. Therefore, the capabilities, well-being and relations with
formal society are compared. UNIAP (2006) examined that the Cambodian child beggar networks in
Thailand, with the specific aim of contributing to strategic responses to the problem. This research project
provides greater insights into the begging situation in the streets of Bangkok by examining how, by whom,
and from where, the networks are sustained. The research hopes to contribute to the development of longer
term strategic interventions. Kudryavtseva (2006) examined the super-diverse urban context as expressed in
terms of informal economic practices, in particular the practice of begging as an economic and symbolic
practice from an urban spatial perspective (St. Petersburg in 1998-1999). He also focused on various types of
beggars and a range of different settings on the main street Nevski Prospekt, i.e. public space, as well as in a
sacral space, an orthodox church on this street. Multiple levels of analysis including detailed description,
categorical aggregation, direct interpretation, pattern analysis, naturalistic generalization, diagnostic
assessment, collaborative contacts, analysis of life events, and an extensive literature review were 25 used to
understand the phenomenon of begging by the Mongelluzzo (2006). These multiple levels of analysis
illuminate the biological, psychological, social, religious, cultural, and political components that come to
define the lived experience of begging. Carter (2007) provides valuable insights into who panhandles and
why they are on the streets of North American cities. The studies document the increasing diversity of the
panhandling population which includes women, men, children; different racial and ethnic groups; the
unemployed, the elderly, mothers and their children; children who are runaways; the mentally ill, and people

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with alcohol and/or drug abuse problems. This increase in diversity has been accompanied by the growth in
the number of panhandlers. Monowaruz (2007) studied that how Grameen Bank has shown zero capital
owners become small capital owners by taking micro-credits. The author mentioned that a prudent utilization
of all the opportunities targeting the poorest people of an economy will make benefited all in terms of new
values, welfare and employment opportunities, etc. Wardhaugh (2007) explores the nature and quality of
begging interaction in two south Asian capital cities, Delhi (India), Kathmandu (Nepal). The major theme is
the social and spatial nature of begging, and the ways in which it is subject to both formal and informal
means of regulation. Tompkins (2007) examined the micro-level case of urban squatter communities in
Brazil as a group both highly abused by the authoritarian regime of 1965-1985 and wellplaced to reap the
benefits of democracy in the following period. This thesis summarizes the findings for Brazilian squatters
and reinterprets them through the lens of political power relations, while, drawing larger implications for
general democratic practice.

Weiss (2007) mentioned that this manuscript was intended to become the second part of his investigation
into zakダt or obligatory almsgiving in West Africa. Having concentrated in his first volume on a vertical
analysis of zakダt in the precolonial Bilダd as-S┣dダn, he wanted to focus on a single region and conduct
horizontal research on the subject. Thus, he decided to concentrate on the Voltaic Basin, especially on the
present day Northern Region of Ghana. Schweik (2007) analyzed some court cases in which disabled people
demanded re-reading of the legal framing of their bodies and voices in American begging law. The author
has done an urgent project of rights-seeking has led to a radical forgetting of the figure of the beggar in
disability history 26 .The use of enforcement measures to remove homeless people from public spaces and or
to deter them from engaging in street activities, such as begging and street drinking, has become an
increasingly high profile and controversial issue in many countries. Johnsen & Fitzpatrick (2008)
summarizes the key findings of a study which sought to evaluate the impact of enforcement interventions on
the welfare of people engaged in street activities in England. It argues that careful appraisal of the way in
which enforcement is actually implemented on the ground revealed that the situation is rather more complex
and less punitive than it may at first appear. It demonstrates that the use of enforcement measures, when
accompanied by appropriate support can, in fact, lead to beneficial outcomes for some individuals involved
in begging or street drinking in some situations. The outcomes for other members of the street population
can, however, be very negative and are highly unpredictable, such that the use of enforcement, even when
accompanied by intensive support, is always a high risk strategy. Mustafa (2009) examined that beggary is a
psycho-social problem that has to be fought against and solved. The data is collected from the related
documents and are analyzed. The model city chosen for the research is Sivas. As a result, the datas are

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evaluated in a psychosocial and religion of psychology approach. Poverty has been identified as one of the
major problems in the developing countries, including Nigeria. This problem appears to be increasing daily,
which requires immediate attention towards addressing the issue. Obioha (2009) focused on a scholarly
examination and description of the street children phenomenon in Kaduna metropolis, one of the major cities
in Nigeria. This paper specifically describes the scenario and classification of street children, their social,
psychological and physical dispositions. It also points out the social/structural factors closely associated with
the etiology of street children in the metropolis, and its impeding dangers on the society and the children in
particular. However, this discourse strongly revealed that the root cause of street children phenomenon is
embedded in the nature of the societal functioning, rather than in the children themselves. Following this, the
author suggests some pragmatic approaches towards alleviating the problem, among which the religious and
society based remedies are recommended. The article of Henry (2009) examines begging in the northeastern
Chinese city of Shenyang as a form of street theater rather than as simply a sign of 27 poverty. Begging
performances play a key cultural scripts and anxieties to unsettle and disturb potential donors, thus
increasing the size of the gift. He said that begging is an uncomfortable reminder of the costs of development
and modernization. In the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, municipal laws targeting ‘unsightly
beggars’ sprang up in cities across America. Seeming to criminalize disability and thus offering a visceral
example of discrimination, these “ugly laws” have become a sort of shorthand for oppression in disability
studies, law, and the arts. In this watershed study of the ugly laws, Schweik (2009) uncovers the murky
history behind the laws, situating the varied legislation in its historical context and exploring in detail what
the laws meant. Illustrating how the laws join the history of the disabled and the poor, Schweik not only
gives the reader a deeper understanding of the ugly laws and the cities where they were generated, she
locates the laws at a crucial intersection of evolving and unstable concepts of race, nation, sex, class, and
gender. Moreover, she explored the history of resistance to the ordinances, using the often harrowing life
stories of those most affected by their passage. Moving to the laws' more recent history, Schweik analyzes
the shifting cultural memory of the ugly laws, examining how they have been used and misused by
academics, activists, artists, lawyers, and legislators. Onoyase (2010) studied effective methods of combating
street begging as perceived by the Panhandlers. The author employed the Z-test statistics to analyze the data
and the findings revealed that rehabilitations centers, monthly survival allowance, diverted giving scheme as
well as provision of food for Islamic Schools are effective methods of curbing street begging. According to
Chen & Li (2010), in large and medium-sized cities, the number of vagrants and beggars is increasing. We
should change the point of view that vagrants and beggars are due to their lack of capacity but imputed to the
injured person. Assistance for urban vagrants and beggars should be selective, differential treatment, subtype
management, and follow the people-oriented, user-friendly aid principles. Considering the angle of social

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and economic construction, the country should increase investment in rural basic education, develop skills
training, and guarantee citizen's right to survival. Blomley (2010) said that the scholars of public space
criticize regulation governing the behavior of the public poor for both its illiberal effects and motivations.
Begging, in particular, threatens the boundaries that lie at the core of this account: in 28 particular, those that
surrounds and protects the mobile subject. Rather than just damning the liberalism of this law-talk, in other
words, critics would do better to also recognize and critique its liberal nature. Shelley (2010) examined all
forms of human trafficking globally, revealing the operations of the trafficking business and the nature of the
traffickers themselves. Using a historical and comparative perspective, it demonstrates that there is more
than one business model of human trafficking and there are enormous variations in human trafficking in
different regions of the world. He concluded that human trafficking will grow in the twenty-first century as a
result of economic and demographic inequalities in the world, the rise of conflicts, and possibly global
climate change. Coordinated efforts of government, civil society, the business community, multilateral
organizations, and the media are needed to stem its growth. Adedibu and Jelili (2011) explore different
aspects and correlate of begging and use same to identify a comprehensive control package. The study
identifies the urbanization, land use and socio-cultural correlates of begging. It also identifies the potentials
in different categories of beggars and the need to get same enhanced. With recourse to different aspects of
the study, a comprehensive package covering such issues as physical planning, socio-economic, religious,
legal and other control measures are recommended for consideration. Stef and Jef (2011) developed and
applied a method to estimate the revenues of beggars in Brussels. This is relevant for three reasons. First, in
the literature on the informal economy, we lack reliable empirical knowledge of informal street-level
activities like begging, substantiating the expectation that beggars’ income will be low. Secondly, popular
representation of beggars often depicts them as criminal and wealthy. Finally, recent legislation builds on the
idea of criminal organizations behind beggars. Building on an analysis of existing attempts to measure
beggars’ income, we aim for a triangulation with data from three different sources: observation, self-reports
and quasi-experimental observations. This triangulation allows for more reliable and valid conclusions.

Sheba (2011) provides an audio-visual dissertation which investigates why there are so many beggars in
Lahore (Pakistan). This audio-visual dissertation provided the viewer/ reader with an insight into the
complexities of the phenomenon of begging in any given country along with its causes, its justification and
possible solutions. 29 Work done in India Kumarappa (1945) dealt with different aspects of the question in
order to give a synthetic view of the beggar and the beggar problem. The problem is studied from different
angles by writers who are specialist in their respective fields. Each chapter has unity and individuality of its
own-which accounts for slight overlapping in some places it is linked up to the others in a series of
comprehensive progressiveness. The author makes a plea in the concluding chapter for social insurance

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against industrial disability, superannuation, maternity risks and such other ills to which the poor in general
and the workers in particular are exposed. While, social security measures will go a long way in minimizing
pauperism, only a thorough reorganization of our social and economic life, he believes, it would help
ultimately to eliminate beggary. Cama (1945) has given fifteen categories of the types of Indian beggars.
Although her study of exploited child and of the physically and mentally defective exposed the unnatural and
repulsive practices and conditions prevalent among the beggar population, it brings out clearly the needs of
each type of beggar, an understanding of which is necessary for tackling the problem scientifically.
Mukharjee (1945) pointed out that “Beggary is a symptom of social disorganization”. The author examined
that the major factors making for its prevalence are to be found in the breakdown of the socio-economic
structure of the country. Gupta (1945) studied the psychological analysis of the beggar personality and
emphasized that “the beggar exhibits a certain deficiency in durable emotional-ideational-motor orientation
to the situations that daily life precipitation”, and he also represented case of mental atavism and a throw-
back to an earlier social order. Gupta (1945) is of the opinion that from the point of view of public health,
beggars with communicable diseases are a prolific source of infection and in consequence they are a menace
to the health of the public. In spite of it all, these people are allowed to wander about from place to place, to
grow in numbers from day to day and organize themselves into a profession. Bhatia (1945) has carried out an
investigation into the aspect of the beggars’ group life and mentioned that they tend to evolve into highly
systematized units with administrative machinery of their own. This type of associations exists in various
parts of India. He maintains, to attack the units of which they are a part 30 and reorganize them for
productive effort. He thus brings to light an aspect which is not commonly known or recognized. Moorthy
(1945) has done a historical survey of pauperism and mentioned that while, individual charity and State aid
played a great part in caring for the destitute, the socio-economic structure of ancient India minimized
begging and distributed equally the incidence of relief. The author concluded that beggars now depend
almost wholly on indiscriminate charity which encourages thousands to join the legion of paupers and
destitute. Both Mehta and Titus (1945) discuss on the public charity or unorganized almsgiving and tried to
answer this question from different angles. They explained that the present method of giving relief not only
is far too intermittent to be of any abiding value but makes the diseased poor move from one locality to
another spreading infection. It also encourages hoboism and idleness, and deprives the nation of some of its
manpower. The idea of giving alms has a mighty hold on people because of the sanction of religion. It is
pointed out that in all early societies the salvation aspect of charity was emphasized as far as the giver was
concerned but that the receiver of the gift was not treated as a personality. Mehta (1945) has emphasized to
introduce modern methods, re-orient our charities and vitalize our social services. He makes out a case for
the rationalization of our beggar relief and suggested that charity needs to be guided along scientific lines.

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For this purpose proper agencies should be set up to guide the giver and the receiver alike. A well organized
system of scientific philanthropy will help greatly to reclaim thousands from a life of dependence, and make
them self-supporting and self-respecting member of society. Bulsara (1945) discussesed that legislation alone
cannot abolish beggary and it is useless to have laws without proper homes to detain and rehabilitate beggars
as it is to have Homes without legal authority to commit them to such institutions. Therefore, it is imperative
to have legislation as well as homes or colonies where beggars could be received, classified and treated
according to the needs of each individual case. The author deals with this aspect of the problem and gives an
interesting and detailed scheme with an approximate estimate of expenses for running a colony. Barnabas
(1945) gives us a critical account of Vagrancy Acts in some of the Western countries, and of the statutes
relating to the prevention of beggary in the various provinces and states in India. Further 31 he suggests
salutary changes in the existing beggar legislation to make it more useful. In addition to statutory provisions,
it is necessary, as has already been pointed out, not only to start beggar colonies but also to direct the present
individual charities along institutional lines. Gore, et al. (1959) analyzed the nature of the problem of beggar
in metropolitan Delhi and suggested the ways for its solution. The problem is tied up with the inadequacies
of our socio-economic structure; it cannot be wholly solved at the local level. According to the author, an
improved and extended system of social services and an economy which offers fuller employment are
necessary before the problem can be fully tackled. He also suggested the ways in which we can mobilize our
existing resources of charity and voluntary endeavor in a more rational manner so as to meet the situation
more effectively. Moorthy (1959) has done a pilot survey in the typology of beggars in Greater Bombay with
a view to finding out the causes of beggary, types of beggars, the extent of the beggar problem and the
possible methods of rehabilitating the beggars. The problem of the beggars and some remedial measures
were suggested in the study on the beggars of Meerut (Prasad: 1960) and Kanpur (Ratan, 1961). Rao and
Bogaert (1970) studied the socio-economic background and present condition of the beggars of Ranchi.
Ramana & Rao (1973) mentioned that industrialisation and urbanisation have always entailed a heavy social
cost (the slums, prostitution, and beggary). The author has done a socio-psychological study of beggars in the
city moving from rural areas. Jha (1979) attempted to study the beggars and lepers of Puri town with a view
to find out their social stratification, cultural identity, and above all, to know their problems empirically. The
author had also given few case studies of the beggars’ life histories. Pandian et al. (1979) gave more
emphasis on social legislation and said that social legislation in India is intended to enforce desired social
values and protect citizens' health and civil rights. The consensus of symposium speakers and participants
was that a separate police wing is necessary for enforcing social laws. This wing would consist of specially
trained officers who would be prepared to perform sensitive and difficult enforcement tasks with
psychological insight designed to lessen public criticism of the police for enforcing frequently unpopular

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legislation. Priorities in the use of police 32 discretion in the enforcement of social legislation should also be
determined. Routine, simple functions, such as service of summons, rounding up of stray cattle, and
prevention of begging, should not be performed by police. The involvement of female police officers in the
enforcement of social legislation should also be increased.

DWCWAP (1980) studied a descriptive and objective study of beggar problem in twin cities of Hyderabad
and Secunderabad. The objective of this study was twofold: to understand the intricacies of begging in all its
facets and to find out and suggest effective measures to tackle this problem. Das (1983) evaluated the beggar
problem in Tirupati and suggested the ways for its solution. Chaudhuri (1987) has described the social
situation of the beggars of Kalighat, a famous Hindu pilgrimage of Calcutta. The study enquired the
background of the beggars and the social, cultural and the behavioral strategies of the begging community
through which they manage to survive in their miserable socio-economic situation. Beside, the author has
also highlighted on the culture pattern of the different groups of beggars who lived precariously at the margin
of the urban society around the Kali temple of Kalighat. The rise of subculture of the beggars in a situation of
the extreme poverty and the social marginality has also been pointed out by the author. Finally, the remedial
measures to solve the problems of the beggary are also suggested here. Thirumalai et al. (2004) seek to
understand the reasons for the widespread occurrence of begging in Indian communities, beyond the obvious
reason of abject poverty as the causative factor. The authors restrict himself to an elucidation of the
widespread begging process among the Tamils, trying to place this process within Tamil literary and
religious traditions. Goyal (2005) study brings forth the nature of erosion of social norms and cultural
patterns among different groups of beggars who lived precariously at the margin of urban society. It also
focuses on specific social, cultural and behavioral strategies by which the beggars managed to survive in
their miserable socio-economic situation. Thakker et al. (2007) conducted study socio-demographic variables
and assessed the psychiatric morbidity and distress among the inmates of 'Beggar Home'. The Subjects were
49 33 inmates of Beggar Home situated in Vadodara (Gujarat), India. The study also revealed the high scores
on GHQ among the beggars suffering from the psychiatric illness. Mukherjee (2008) deals with the historical
study of the beggars as for the last few centuries India has suffered acute poverty. From the ancient times to
the post-colonial Indian government time the situation of the beggars changed. During British period their
conditions become worsened and the post- colonial Indian government never tried to rectify the faulty
system by repealing anti-poverty or beggary laws. Here the author has trying to sweep the problem under the
carpet and suggested that the poor women, children and elderly people need help from the government to
obtain food and shelter. Rafiuddin (2008) asked to the person that is there a town in India where there are no
beggars? Is there a place of worship in India where you do not find people asking for alms? In the Indian
sub-continent, with its rich religious heritage, alms giving in various forms have been overtly and covertly

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nurtured. The social scenario in the country has been changing fast due to rapid urbanization and
industrialization. In this process, certain categories of population, due to their vulnerability, have failed to
cope with these rapid changes. Beggary has become a social problem intricately interwoven with the socio
cultural and economic milieu. The article of Goel (2010) posits that the 1959 Act criminalizing the poor
prima facie intrudes upon due process rights and it is contrary to the rule of law. It starts off with a critical
discussion on the recent development in the field and regulation of the act of begging in India in the
aftermath of Ram Lakhan v State. The state of Uttar Pradesh passed the Anti-Beggary Act on August 14,
1975. Under this Act, an individual found begging can be caught by the police, placed before a judicial
magistrate and sentenced to serve a term in a certified institution known as Beggars Home. Little effort had
been made to correct the shortcomings of the Prohibition of Beggary Act, and it is found that rounding up of
beggars was restricted to 8 districts which had a Beggars Home, though the Act, it was applicable all over the
state. Joshi & Singh (2010) explained the Beggars Homes conditions in Uttar Pradesh and resulted that an
immediate repair work needed to be done at the Beggars Home Lucknow.

4. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The review concludes that begging is very dangerous for world community. The beggars do not work
but depend on other and enjoy the life very well. Different reviews show that beggars have good pattern
of food and some beggars have constructed good house and purchase land for their families and have
good bank balance. The review further told that beggary is a bad occupation which is started due to
poverty in the world. The poor people always enter into this game due to their poverty and sometime they
make a good team and through this team sometime children are forced to begging while in this game
majority children are involved forcefully. Sometime parents send their children for begging into market.
It is the time of their education while they spend most time in begging and not get the skill and training
for their future, so that they left illiterate. It was also observed that beggar migrated from rural to urban
and from one country to other for the purpose of begging for earning the money for their livelihood. So
they take interest in this job for ever which negatively affect the world economy badly and make the
world unfavorable. Begging strength in the developing world is more than the developed countries of the
world. The per capita income of the developing countries are low and so they have less investment in the
capitalization and because of this the job generation is less than the developed countries and the
unemployment problem is more and sever, which in the long create different problems in the country and
decrease the growth of the economy which latter on increase the number of beggaries in the country. No
proper planning in the developing countries is existed. Some programs are working for its controlling
while their output is to some extent zero. Beggars not only do the begging but also they play great role in

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 different crimes of the world. The young genders are sexually harassed and sometime kidnapped by
someone. Different programs were launched for its controlling but still the issue is not solved by world
government. So it is necessary for the government of the world to identify beggar number in the country
and discuss this issue in the parliament and make good policy for their control and keep good fund in the
budget for its solution. This is the serious problems of the developing countries of the world while no one
discussed this issue at their assemblies in the world. Anti poverty and anti begging law should be
developed everywhere in the world. Fund should be increased for solution of this problem. Employment
should be provided to beggar in the country. Multiple program in the country should be multiplied for
poverty alleviation. Train officers should be selected for the control of begging in police department of
each country of the world. Charity program should be launched for begging removal in the country in a
proper way. Charity foundation should be developed in the countries of the world and charity fund
should be deposited by people in this foundation and then in proper way this fund should be distributed
among the beggars who have a right and through this way begging will be ended from the society of the
world.

5. AUTHORS CONTRIBUTION
Dr.Naushad Khan created the idea and downloads the articles from the net and wrote the paper while Shah
Fahad play great role in paper setting and proofreading of the paper. He also give some hints for paper
improvement.

6. REFFERENCES

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