KIRISWA IAN WAMALWA

20/03737

Individual assignment

1. Video Conferencing: Video conferencing is a technology that enables two or more people to
conduct meetings, discussions, or presentations in real-time over the internet.

It allows participants from different places to see and hear each other as if they were in the
same room, facilitating remote communication and collaboration amongst the users.

2. Interactive TV: Interactive TV refers to television systems that enable viewers to interact with
content beyond traditional watching.

It offers features such as on-demand access to movies and shows, interactive games, shopping,
and personalized content recommendations.

Protocols and Standards

1. Video Conferencing:

 Signaling: SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) establishes connections and manages

sessions.
 Audio/Video: H.264/H.265 codecs for video compression, G.711/Opus for audio.
 Security: TLS/SRTP for encryption.
 Interoperability: WebRTC for browser-based conferencing.

2. Interactive TV:

 ATSC (Advanced Television Systems Committee.

 MHEG (Multimedia and Hypermedia information coding Expert Group)

 HbbTV (Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV

Challenges in the Applications

1. Video Conferencing:

 Bandwidth Limitations: High-quality video conferencing requires significant bandwidth,

which can be a challenge in areas with poor internet connectivity.

 Security Concerns: Ensuring the privacy and security of video conference sessions
against unauthorized access or data breaches.

 Compatibility Issues: Different devices and platforms may have compatibility issues,
leading to interoperability challenges.

2. Interactive TV:

 User Engagement: Encouraging viewers to actively engage with interactive TV features

instead of passively watching traditional content.
  Content Discovery: Providing intuitive navigation and personalized content
recommendations to help users discover relevant content.

 Technical Complexity: Developing and implementing interactive TV applications with

seamless integration of broadcast and broadband technologies.

Example Products in the Market:

1. Video Conferencing:

 Zoom

 Microsoft Teams

 Google Meet

 Skype for Business

2. Interactive TV:

 Apple TV

 Amazon Fire TV

 Samsung Smart TV

 LG webOS Smart TV

Future Outlook for the Applications

1. Video Conferencing:

 The future of video conferencing is promising, with advancements in technology driving

improved video and audio quality, Enhanced collaboration features, and better
integration with other communication tools.
 The rise of remote work and virtual meetings amid global events like the COVID-19
pandemic has accelerated the adoption of video conferencing, making it an
indispensable tool for businesses, education, healthcare, and social interactions.

2. Interactive TV

 AI-powered recommendations: Personalized content suggestions based on viewing

habits. This has already been seen when you look at dstv

 Cloud gaming: Seamless access to high-quality games directly on TVs.