10 Mathematics

Quarter 2-Module 1
Illustrate Polynomial Functions
and Understand, Describe and
Interpret their Graphs
M10AL-IIa-1
Mathematics- Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2- Module 1 – Illustrate Polynomial Functions and Understand, Describe, and Interpret
their Graphs
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Region III

Secretary : Leonor M. Briones
Undersecretary : Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Author: Cristina P. Castillo
Language Reviewer: Juleby S. Reyes
Content Editor: Cristina P. Castillo
Illustrator: Cristina P. Castillo
Layout Artist: Antonio A. Acob Jr.

Management Team
Gregorio C. Quinto, Jr., EdD
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
Rainelda M. Blanco, PhD
Education Program Supervisor - LRMDS
Agnes R. Bernardo, PhD
EPS-Division ADM Coordinator
Glenda S. Constantino
Project Development Officer II
Francisco B. Macale
Mathematics, Division Focal Person
Joannarie C. Gracia
Librarian II

Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan

Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
Email Address: lrmdsbulacan@deped.gov.ph

i
 10

Mathematics
Quarter 2-Module 1
Illustrate Polynomial Functions
and Understand, Describe
and Interpret their Graphs
M10AL-IIa-1

ii
 Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to Mathematics 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Illustrating

Polynomial Functions and Understanding, Describing and Interpreting their Graphs.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from
public institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator, in helping the learners meet the
standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and
economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning
activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire
the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and
circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the
module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will
help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also
need to keep track of the learners’ progress while allowing them to manage their own
learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do
the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to Mathematics 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Illustrating
Polynomial Functions and Understanding, Describing and Interpreting their Graphs.

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies

What I Need to Know you are expected to learn in the
module.
This part includes an activity that aims to check what you
already know about the lesson to take. If you get What I
Know all the answers correct (100%), you may decide to
skip this module.

iii
 This is a brief drill or review to help you link the
current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced

to you in various ways; a story, a song, a poem,
a problem opener, an activity
or a situation.

This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and skills
of the topic. You may check the answers to the
exercises using the Answer Key at the end of
the module.
This includes questions or blank sentence/
……………………………. paragraph to be filled in to process what you
learned from the lesson.

This section provides an activity which will help

you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real
life situations or concerns.

This is a task which aims to evaluate your level

of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
In this portion, another activity will be given to
you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned.

This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module, you will also find:

References-This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

iv
 This module provides varied activities that will help you to learn about illustrating
and graphing polynomial functions.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. Illustrate polynomial functions;

2. Graph polynomial functions; and

3. Understand, describe and interpret the graphs of polynomial functions.

Directions: Find out how much you already know about this module. Choose the
letter of the best answer. Take note of the items that you were not able
to answer correctly and find the right answer as you go through this
module.

1. What should 𝑛 be if 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑛 defines a polynomial function?

A. an integer C. any number

B. a nonnegative integer D. any number except 0

2. Which of the following is an example of a polynomial function?

A. 𝑓(𝑥) = C. 𝑓(𝑥) =

B. 𝑓(𝑥) = 5x-2 + 2 D. 𝑓(𝑥) =

3. What is the leading coefficient of the polynomial function f(x) =2x + x3 + 4?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

4. How should the polynomial function f(x) = 2x + x3 + 3x5 + 4 be written in

standard form?

A. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 5 + 4 C. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4 + 2𝑥 + 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 5

B. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4 + 3𝑥 5 + 2𝑥 + 𝑥 3 D. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 5 + 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 + 4

1
5. Which of the following could be the graph of the polynomial function
𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 12?

6. From the choices, which polynomial function in factored form represents the given
graph?
A. 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)

B. 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2)

C. 𝑦 = 𝑥(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)

D. 𝑦 = 𝑥(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2)

7. If you will draw the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥(𝑥 + 2)2 , how will you sketch it with respect to
the x-axis?

A. Sketch it crossing both (-2,0) and (0,0).

B. Sketch it crossing (-2,0) and tangent at (0,0).

C. Sketch it tangent at (-2,0) and crossing (0,0).

D. Sketch it tangent at both (-2,0) and (0,0).

8. What are the end behaviors of the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = −2𝑥 + 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 5 − 4?

A. rises to the left and falls to the right C. rises to both directions

B. falls to the left and rises to the right D. falls to both directions

9. You are asked to illustrate the sketch of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 4 + 4 using its properties.
Which will be your sketch?

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10. What is the y-intercept of the function 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 – 4𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 6?

A. 2 B. – 3 C. 6 D. – 6

11. Determine the end behavior of the polynomial function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 5 – 3𝑥 4 + 4 ?

A. rises to the left, falls to the right

B. rises to the right, falls to the left

C. falls to both sides

D. rises to both sides

12. If you are to illustrate the graph of the polynomial function 𝑦 = −3𝑥 4 – 6𝑥 + 4,
which will be your possible sketch?

A. B.
C. D.

13. A point where the function changes from decreasing to increasing or from
increasing to decreasing values.
A. Multiplicity of a solution

B. Intercept of a Graph

C. Turning Points

D. Leading Coefficient Test

14. How will you sketch the graph of y = x (x-1)4 with respect to the x-axis?

A. tangent at both (1,0) and (0,0)

B. crossing (1,0) and tangent to (0,0)

C. tangent at (1,0) and crossing (0,0)

D. crossing both (1,0) and (0,0)

15. The following describes the graph of polynomial functions EXCEPT;

A. smooth C. continuous
B. rounded turns D. observable gaps

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Direction: Determine whether each of the following is a polynomial expression or
not. Give your reasons.

1. 14x 6.

2. 7.

3. - 2014x 8. x3 + 2x + 1

4. x 3/4 + 3x 1/4 + 7 9. –4x –100 + 4x 100

5. 10. 1 – 16x2

Were you able to answer each item correctly? Do you remember when an expression
is a polynomial?

One of the most important and widely used mathematical functions are the
polynomial functions. Polynomial functions are used in modeling various objects and
buildings. That is why people engaged in industries and construction find these
functions very useful.

Polynomial equation can be used to figure the amount of interest that will be
gained for an initial amount invested. Since graphs of polynomial equations and
functions are so predictable, they are used in marketing, finance and stocks to model
situations that can be used as basis in planning and decision making.

It is because of its important applications in daily life that makes studying

polynomials worthwhile. Learning how to predict the behaviors of the graph of a
polynomial function makes graphing the function a little easier.

Being able to describe and interpret graphs of polynomial functions will train you
in making sound judgements.

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 POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS
A polynomial function is a function in the form

𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑛−1 + 𝑎𝑛−2 𝑥 𝑛−2 + … + 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑎0

where: n is a positive integer (n being a positive integer implies that it is not negative,
not zero, not a fraction, not a radical, and not imaginary);

𝒂𝟎 , 𝒂𝟏 , . . . , 𝒂𝒏 are real numbers which are called coefficients;

𝒂𝒏 𝒙𝒏 is the leading term; 𝒂𝒏 is the leading coefficient; 𝒂𝟎 is the constant

term; and

𝒂𝒏 ≠ 𝟎

The terms of a polynomial may be written in any order. However, if they are
written in decreasing powers of 𝑥, then the polynomial function is said to be in
standard form.

The largest exponent within the polynomial determines the degree of the
polynomial.

Other than 𝑃(𝑥), a polynomial function may also be denoted by 𝑓(𝑥) or 𝑦.

Sometimes, a polynomial function is represented by a set P of ordered pairs

(x, y). Thus, a polynomial function can be written in different ways, like the following.

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑛−1 + 𝑎𝑛−2 𝑥 𝑛−2 + ⋯ + 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑎0

𝑦 = 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑛−1 + 𝑎𝑛−2 𝑥 𝑛−2 + ⋯ + 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑎0

Polynomials may also be written in factored form and as a product of irreducible

factors, that is, a factor that can no longer be factored. Here are some examples.

a. 𝑦 = 𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 3 – 𝑥 2 + 14𝑥 – 56 in factored form is 𝑦 = (𝑥 2 + 7)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 4)

b. 𝑦 = 𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 3 − 13𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 in factored form is 𝑦 = 𝑥(𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2)

c. 𝑦 = 6𝑥 3 + 45𝑥 2 + 66𝑥 − 45 in factored form is 𝑦 = 3(2𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 5)

d. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 18 in factored form is 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 6)(𝑥 + 3)

e. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 5 in factored form is 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 5)(2𝑥 − 1)

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 THE GRAPHS OF A POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS

To sketch the graph of a polynomial function we need to consider the following:

1. Degree of the polynomial (𝑛)

The degree of the polynomial will dictate the number of turning points of
the graph. Turning points are points where the graph changes in direction,
from an upward direction to a downward direction, or vice versa The number
of turning points of each polynomial function is at most (𝑛 − 1), where 𝑛
corresponds to the degree of the polynomial. The degree of the polynomial
also dictates whether both ends of the graph go up or down, or whether the
ends go in different directions.

To determine the degree of the polynomial, find the term of the polynomial
with the highest exponent. The highest exponent corresponds to the degree.
For example, in the polynomial function 𝑃(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)2 (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 3)
the degree is 5. We get this by multiplying (𝑥 2 )(𝑥)(𝑥)(𝑥) = 𝑥 5 .

2. Leading coefficient (𝑎𝑛 )

The sign of the leading coefficient determines the end behavior of the
graph of the polynomial function. It dictates which end of the graph goes up
and which end goes down.

3. x-intercepts
The x-intercepts refer the values of x when y = 0. The x-intercepts also
refer to the solutions or zeroes of the polynomial function.

The ordered pair, (x-intercept, 0), is where the graph crosses the x-axis
or where the graph is tangent to the x-axis. Whether the graph crosses or is
tangent to the x-axis depends on the multiplicity of the solution.

The multiplicity refers to the number of times a particular solution is

obtained. If the multiplicity of the solution is odd, the graph crosses the x-axis.
If the multiplicity of the solution is even, the graph is tangent to the x-axis.

To find the x-intercepts of a given polynomial function:

a) Factor the polynomial completely;
b) Let 𝑦 be equal to zero (0);
c) Equate each factor with zero (0) and solve for 𝑥.

Example: Determine the x-intercepts of the polynomial function

𝑦 = (𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 3).

The given polynomial has been factored completely. Thus, we

proceed to step b and then step c.
0 = (𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 3)

𝑥+1=0 𝑥+2=0 𝑥−2=0 𝑥−3=0

𝑥 = −1 𝑥 = −2 𝑥=2 𝑥=3

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 The factor (𝑥 + 1) is raised to 2. It indicates that we get −1 as a
solution twice or we say that −1 has a multiplicity of 2. Thus, the
solutions or x-intercepts of the function are −1 of multiplicity 2,
−2, 2, and 3. Since −1 has an even multiplicity, the graph of the
function is tangent to the x-axis at (−1, 0) and the graph crosses
the x-axis at (−2, 0), (2, 0), and (3, 0).

4. y-intercept
The y-intercept refers to the value of y when x = 0. Knowing the y-
intercept will give us an idea where the graph will intersect the y-axis.

To find the y-intercept of a given polynomial function:

a) Replace x with zero (0)
b) Solve for y.

Example: Determine the y-intercept of the polynomial function

𝑦 = (𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 3).
𝑦 = (0 + 1)2 (0 + 2)(0 − 2)(0 − 3)
𝑦 = (1)2 (2)(−2)(−3) = (1)(2)(−2)(−3) = 12

Therefore, the y-intercept is 12. This indicates that the graph

intersects the y-axis at (0, 12).

The following are the end behaviors of the graph of a polynomial function:

1. If the degree (𝑛) is even and the leading coefficient (𝑎𝑛 ) is positive, the graph
rises to both directions (or rises to the left and rises to the right).

2. If the degree (𝑛) is even and the leading coefficient (𝑎𝑛 ) is negative, the graph
falls to both directions (or falls to the left and falls to the right).

3. If the degree (𝑛) is odd and the leading coefficient (𝑎𝑛 ) is positive, the graph
falls to the left and rises to the right.

4. If the degree (𝑛) is odd and the leading coefficient (𝑎𝑛 ) is negative, the graph
rises to the left and falls to the right.

For additional help, we can summarize this in the table:

Note: The graph of a polynomial function is continuous and smooth and has rounded
turns.

7
To sketch the graph of a polynomial function, do the following:
1. On a Cartesian plane, plot the x-intercepts and the y-intercept.
2. Determine a value of x in between 2 consecutive x-intercepts. Use this value
to replace x and solve for y. This will enable you to decide which direction to
go from one x-intercept to the next.
3. Repeat step 2 for all possible pairs of consecutive x-intercepts.
4. For the end behaviors of the graph, consult the table given on the previous
page.

Examples:
1. 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2)
The x – intercepts are −2, 1, and 2. Since the multiplicity of each x-intercept is
an odd number, the graph will cross the x-axis at (– 2, 0), (1, 0) , and ((2, 0).

The y – intercept is 4, so the graph will intersect the y-axis at (0, 4).

Let x = – 1 Let x = 1.5

𝑦 = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2) 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2)
𝑦 = (−1 + 2)(−1 − 1)(−1 − 2) 𝑦 = (1.5 + 2)(1.5 − 1)(1.5 − 2)
𝑦 = (1)(−2)(−3) 𝑦 = (3.5)(0.5)(−0.5)
𝑦=6 𝑦 = −0.875
(−𝟏, 𝟔) (𝟏. 𝟓, −𝟎. 𝟖𝟕𝟓)

Since (𝑥)(𝑥)(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 , then he degree of the polynomial is 3 which is an odd number

and its leading coefficient is positive. Therefore, the graph falls to the left and rises to
the right.

Below is the sketch of the graph of 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2).

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2. Sketch the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 2

Factoring the polynomial function, we have 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)2 ( 𝑥 − 2).

The x-intercepts are −1, 1 of multiplicity 2, and 2. The graph will cross the x-axis
at (– 1, 0) and at (2, 0) since – 1 and 2 have odd multiplicities. On the other hand,
the graph will be tangent to the x-axis at (1, 0) since 1 has an even multiplicity.

The y-intercept is – 2. Therefore, the graph intersects the y-axis at (0, – 2).

Let x = 1.5
𝑦 = (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)2 ( 𝑥 − 2).
𝑦 = (1.5 + 1)(1.5 − 1)2 ( 1.5 − 2)
𝑦 = (2.5)(0.5)2 (−0,5).
𝑦 = −0.3125
(𝟎, −𝟎. 𝟑𝟏𝟐𝟓)
.

Zero (0) is between two successive x-intercepts namely, = 1 and 1. If we let x =

0 then solve for y, we will also get the y-intercept which is – 2.

The degree of the polynomial function 𝑦 = 𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 2 is 4 which is

an even number and its leading coefficient is positive. Therefore, the graph rises
to both directions.

Below is the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 2.

9
3. Study the graph on the right, then
answer the following:

a) What are the x-intercepts of the

polynomial function?

b) What is its y-intercept?

c) How will you describe the leading

coefficient based on the end
behavior of the graph? Why?

d) How will you describe the

degree of the polynomial. Why?

e) What polynomial function of the

lowest degree could possibly
represent the graph?

Answers:

a) x-intercepts: – 1 of even multiplicity, 1 with odd multiplicity

b) y-intercept: 1

c) The leading coefficient is negative because the graph rises to the left and
falls to the right.

d) The degree of the polynomial function is odd because the ends of the graph
go on different directions.

e) The polynomial function with the lowest degree that could possibly represent
the graph is 𝑓(𝑥) = −(𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑥 − 1) or 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1.

INDEPENDENT ACTIVITY 1
Consider the given polynomial functions and fill in the table below.

Leading Constant
Polynomial Function Standard Form Degree
Coefficient Term
1. y = x (x - 3) y = x2 - 3x 2 1 0

2. y = 4x2 - 3x4 + 5
3. y = x (x + 1)
4. y = 3x3 + 2x- x4
5. y = 3 –2x + x3
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INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT 1
Consider the given polynomial functions and fill in the table below

Polynomial Function Standard Form Degree Leading Constant

Coefficient Term
1. y = x (x + 8)

2. y = 3x5 - 9x6 + 4

3. y = x (x2 - 5)

4. y = 6x5 + 5x2 - 4x6

5. y = 1 –3x2 + 2x3

INDEPENDENT ACTIVITY 2
Find the x- and y-intercepts of the following polynomial functions:
1. 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 15 4. 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 – 2𝑥 2 – 4𝑥 + 8
2. 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 – 2𝑥 2 + 1 5. 𝑃(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 – 3)(𝑥 – 4)
3. 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 (𝑥 – 1/2) (𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 – 1)

INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT 2
Find the x- and y-intercepts of the following polynomial functions:
1. 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 – 𝑥 – 3 4. 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 – 7𝑥 + 6
2. 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 – 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 3 – 2𝑥 5. 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 – 4𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 6
3. 𝑦 = – 𝑥(𝑥 – 2) (𝑥 – 2/3) (𝑥 – 3)

INDEPENDENT ACTIVITY 3

For each given polynomial function, describe or determine the following, then sketch
the graph.
a. Leading coefficient d. y-intercept
b. behavior of the graph e. maximum number of turning points
(left end – right end) f. sketch
c. x-intercepts or zeroes

1. 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 3

2. 𝑦 = −𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 11𝑥 − 12

3. 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 2)2 (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 1)

11
INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT 3

For each given polynomial function, describe or determine the following, then sketch
the graph.
a. Leading coefficient d. y-intercept
b. behavior of the graph e. maximum number of turning points
(left end – right end) f. sketch
c. x-intercepts or zeroes
1. 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 – 𝑥 2 – 𝑥 + 1

2. 𝑦 = (2𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 – 4)

3. 𝑦 = – (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑥 – 3)

……………………….
….
Directions: Let’s find out how much you have learned by filling up the blanks with
the correct answer.

Any function which can be written in the form 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑛−1 +
𝑎𝑛−2 𝑥 𝑛−2 + ⋯ + 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑎0 is called a ____________
1 , where n corresponds to the
____________
2 of the function and 𝑎0 is the ____________
3 term. The leading term
is ____________
4 while the leading coefficient corresponds to ____________
5 .

The following dictates some important points to note when graphing any
6
polynomial function. These are the ____________ of the function which refers to the
value of x when y = 0 and the ____________
7 which refers to the value of y when
x = 0. Other important points to consider in graphing polynomial functions are the
8
____________ which tells us exactly where the graph changes its direction.

The ____________
9 of the x-intercepts (solutions or zeroes) refers to the
number of times a particular x-intercept is obtained. This dictates whether the graph
is tangent to the x-axis or crosses the x- axis. If it is ____________
10 , the graph is
11
tangent to the x-axis. If it is ____________ , the graph will cross the x-axis.

The end behaviors of the graph are dictated by both the degree and the
leading coefficient. If the degree is odd and the leading coefficient is positive the left
end of the graph ____________
12 while the right end ____________
13 . If the degree
is odd and the leading coefficient is negative the left end of the graph ____________
14
while the right end ____________
15 . Both ends of the graph ____________
16 if the

12
 leading coefficient is positive and the degree is ____________
17 . On the other hand,
both ends of the graph ____________
18 if the leading coefficient is negative and the
____________
19 is even.

Moreover, the maximum number of turning points of the graph of any

polynomial function may be computed using the expression ____________
20 .

On a piece of graphing paper, sketch the graph of the following polynomial functions.
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)
2. 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 2)3 − 1
3. 𝑦 = 𝑥(𝑥 − 1)2 (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 3)

Choose the letter that best answers each question.

1. Which of the following could be the value of 𝑛 in the equation 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑛 if f is a
polynomial function?
A. – 2 C. – ½
B. 2 D. ½
2. Which of the following is NOT a polynomial function?
A. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝜋 C. 𝑓(𝑥) =
B. 𝑓(𝑥) = −2/3 𝑥 3 + 1 D. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 1/5 – 2𝑥 2
3. What is the leading coefficient of the polynomial function f(x) = x - 2x3 - 4?
A. – 4 B. – 2 C. 1 D. 3
4. How should the polynomial function 𝑓(𝑥) = 1/2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + 11𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 3 be written
in standard form?
A. 𝑓(𝑥) = 11𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 3 + 1/2 𝑥 − 𝑥 2

B. 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 2 + 1/2 𝑥 + 2𝑥 3 + 11𝑥 4

C. 𝑓(𝑥) = 11𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 1/2 𝑥
D. 𝑓(𝑥 = 1/2 𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 3 + 11𝑥 4

13
5. Which polynomial function in factored form represents the given graph?
A. 𝑦 = (2𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 1)
B. 𝑦 = −(2𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 1)2
C. 𝑦 = (2𝑥 + 3)2 (𝑥 − 1)2
D. 𝑦 = −(2𝑥 + 3)2 (𝑥 − 1)

6. Which of the following could be the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 4 − 5𝑥 2 + 4 ?

7. If you will draw the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 (𝑥 − 1), how will the graph behave at the
x- axis?

A. The graph crosses the x-axis at both (0, 0) and (1, 0).

B. The graph crosses the x-axis at (0, 0) and is tangent to the x-axis at (1, 0)

C. The graph crosses the x-axis at (1, 0) and is tangent to the x-axis at (0, 0).

D. The graph is tangent to the x-axis at both (0, 0) and (1, 0).

8. You are asked to graph 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 6 + 𝑥 5 − 5𝑥 4 − 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 using its

properties. Which of these will be your graph?

9. Given that 𝑓(𝑥) = 7𝑥 −3𝑛 + 𝑥 2 , what value should be assigned to n to make the
function of degree 7?

A. –7/3 B. –3/7 C. 3/7 D. 7/3

14
10. If you were to choose from 2, 3, and 5, which pair of values for a and 𝑛 would you
consider so that 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 𝑛 could define the graph below?

A. a = 2 , n = 3 C. a = 2 , n = 5

B. a = 3 , n = 2 D. a = 5 , n = 3

11. The end behaviors of the graph (left – right) of P(x)= x4 + 3x2 + 2 are ______.

a. Rising – Falling C. Rising – Rising

b. Falling – Rising D. Falling – Falling

12. If you will be asked to choose from -2, 2, 3, and 4, what values for a and n will you
consider so that 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 𝑛 could define the graph below?

A. a = 2 , n = 3 C. a = - 2 , n = 4
B. a = 3 , n = 2 D. a = - 2 , n = 3

13. If the end behavior of a graph of the polynomial function rises to the left and falls
to the right, which of the following is true about its leading coefficient and degree?

A. the leading coefficient is positive, the degree is odd

B. the leading coefficient is positive, the degree is even

C. the leading coefficient is negative, the degree is odd

D. the leading coefficient is negative, the degree is even

14. If the leading coefficient is positive and the degree is even, which would be its
possible graph?

A. C.

B. D.

15
15. What is the degree of the polynomial function 𝑦 = −4𝑥 3 + 𝑥 4 – 2𝑥 − 3?
A. – 4 B. – 3 C. 4 D. 3

Below are set of activities that will help you gain mastery in finding the coordinates
on the graph. Sketch the graph of the following polynomial functions.
1. f(x) = x4 + x3 – 5x2 – x + 6

2. f(x) = x5 + 2x4 – x3 – 6x2 – 4x

3. f(x) = 2x3 – 5x + 7

16
 17
What I Know Independent Activity 2 Independent Assessment 2
1. B 6. D 11. B 1. x-intercepts: – 3 and – 5 1. x-intercepts: – 3, – 1, and 1
2. C 7. C 12. A y-intercept: 15 y-intercept: – 3
3. A 8. B 13. C 2. x-intercepts: 1 of multiplicity2, 2. x-intercepts: – 2, – 1, 0, and 1
4. D 9. D 14. C
5. A 10. C 15. D
& – 1 of multiplicity 2 y-intercept: 0
y-intercept: 1
What’s In 3. x-intercepts: 1 – 4, 0, 1, and ½ 3. x-intercepts: 0, 2, 2/3, and 3
1. polynomial y-intercept:0 y-intercept: 0
2. not a polynomial because 4. x-intercepts: 2 0f multiplicity 2, 4. x-intercepts: – 3, 1, and 2
the variable of one term is y-intercept: 8 y-intercept: 6
inside a radical sign 5. x-intercepts: – 2, – 5, 3, and 4 5. x-intercepts: – 1, 2, and 3
3. polynomial y-intercept: 120 y-intercept: 6
4. not a polynomial because
the exponents of the variable
are not positive integers Independent Activity 3:
5. not a polynomial because 1. a. 1 2. a. – 1 3. a. 1
the variables are in the b. falling – rising b. rising – falling b. rising – rising
denominator c. 1 of multiplicity 2; – 3 c. 1, – 3, 4 c. – 2 of multiplicity 2, 3,
6. polynomial –1
7. not a polynomial because d. 3 d. 2 d. – 12
the exponent of one variable e. 2 e. 2 e. 3
is not a whole number
8. polynomial
9. not a polynomial because
the exponent of one variable
is negative f. f. f.
10. polynomial
Independent Activity 1: What I Have Learned:
1. polynomial function
2. degree
3. constant
4. 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛
5. 𝑎𝑛
6. x-intercept
7. y-intercept
8. turning points
9. multiplicity
10.even
11. odd
12. falls
13. rises
Independent Assessment 1:
14. rises
15. falls
16. rise
17. even
18. fall
19. degree
20. n – 1
 18
What I Can Do
1. 2, 3.
Assessment:
1. B 6. A 11. C
2. D 7. C 12. D
3. B 8. C 13. C
4. C 9. A 14. C
5. B 10. B 15. C
Additional Activity:
1. 2. 3.
 References
Callanta, Melvin M. et.al. (2015). Mathematics 10 Learner’s Module. Pasig City:
Department of Education

Callanta, Melvin M. et.al. (2015). Mathematics 10 Teacher’s Guide. Pasig City:

Department of Education

Dilao, Jose S., Orines, F. B., & Bernabe, J. G. (2003). Advanced Algebra, Trigonometry
and Statistics. Quezon City, Philippines: JTW Corporation

Gallardo, Marjury R. (2020). Mathematics- Grade 10 Module. Bukidnon City: Department

of Education

19
 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan
Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
Email address: lrmdsbulacan@deped.gov.ph