Zero Open Defecation

Literature review: Summarize each article across row; synthesis the “Body of literature” down the columns

Citation Purpose, rationale, Theory, framework Research methods, Major findings, contributions Study limitations, gaps th
research question sample, variables remain
Shivakumar, Girija The purpose of the The study was The study followed a The study revealed that there
(2013). “Half of study is to determine prompted due to the descriptive research are high records of open
India‟s Population the practices of open evidence that, design with a qualitative defecation in the study area.
Still Defecates in the defecation among practice of open approach. Data The latrine was present in
Open.” The Hindu. the people of defecation in Zambia collection process was almost all the households but
N.p.,. Web Fitobaula Compound is still alarmingly done using research still continued with open
Shivakumar, Girija. of Chilabombwe. high, with current structured defecation practices.
“Half of India‟s data suggesting at questionnaires and
Population Still least 21% of the interview guide to
Defecates in the Zambian population collect field data on
Open.” The Hindu. who do not still have people’s opinions,
N.p., 21 Nov. 2013. or use latrine attitudes and feelings
Web. 19 July 2017. facilities (GSS, 2017). on open defecation.
Open defecation is This study was aimed Data were generated Findings in this study showed
the human practice at determining the using a semi-structured that respondents had good
of defecating in the knowledge, questionnaire and an knowledge and exhibited
environment rather perception and observational checklist. positive perception about
than into a toilet. practice of open Data generated were open defecation, but majority
Open defecation is a defecation among collated, synthesized of the proportion confirmed to
public health menace residents in Ussa and analyzed using SPSS have defecated in open fields.
and causes health Local Government version 20.
problems such as Area of Taraba State,
diarrheoa, typhoid, Nigeria. Material and
cholera, etc., in areas Methods: A cross-
where people sectional study
defecate places other design was adopted
than toilets or and used for this
latrines. study.
This study The study was The study was surveyed
determined the conducted a cluster households to assess
impacts of a pro- randomized toilet coverage, quality,
poor sanitation controlled trial to and use before and after
subsidy program on evaluate a pro-poor the intervention and
sanitation conditions subsidy program that tracked program costs
among the most identified the most
vulnerable vulnerable
households and households through
others in the community
community. consultation to
receive vouchers for
durable toilet
substructures.
The objective of this
study was to assess
the impact of these
public restroom
interventions on
reports of exposed
feces in San
Francisco, California.
This study is aimed at
investigating the
impact of poverty on
open defecation so
as to make
recommendation
that will aid the
eradication of open
defecation in
Mararaba and
possibly, Nigeria.
This purpose of this This study aims to
study is to ensure the analyze the
community is healthy implementation of
and reduce most environmental
infectious diseases’ health management
transmission, programs that have
especially water- been implemented in
borne diseases. Tamansari village in
Bandung city.