Indoor Air Quality Determination and Purification Using IOT
*Abhijeet Singh
Department Of Computer Science And Engineering
School Of Engineering And Technology(SET)
Sharda University
Greater Noida, India
abhijeet.ssps123@gmail.com
*Vineet Vats
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
School of Engineering and Technology(SET)
Sharda University
Greater Noida,India
sharmavineet523@gmail.com
Abstract:
The rapid growth of urbanization and
industrialization has led to a significant
increase in air pollution, posing severe
threats to human health and the
environment. This paper presents an
IoT-based air quality monitoring and
low-cost air filter system that aims to
provide real-time air quality data and
purify the surrounding air. The system
employs a DHT11 sensor, ESP8266 WiFi
module, Arduino microcontroller, MQ135
gas sensor, MQ7 carbon monoxide sensor,
and the ThingSpeak platform for data
visualization and analysis. The proposed
system offers an affordable and efficient
solution for monitoring air quality and
mitigating the adverse effects of air
pollution.
Keywords: IoT, air quality monitoring,
low-cost air filter, DHT11, ESP8266,
Arduino, MQ135, MQ7, ThingSpeak
Introduction:
Air pollution has become a major global
concern due to its detrimental effects on
human health and the environment [1,2].
Elevated levels of air pollutants, such as
particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide
*Sidhanth Suman
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
School of Engineering and Technology(SET)
Sharda University
Greater Noida,India
sidhanthsuman85277@gmail.com
*Ms.Jyothi Pruthi
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
School of Engineering and Technology(SET)
Sharda University
Greater Noida,India
jyothi.6@sharda.ac.in
(NO2), and carbon monoxide (CO), can
cause various respiratory and
cardiovascular diseases, resulting in a
significant reduction in life expectancy [3].
Consequently, there is an urgent need to
develop effective and affordable solutions
for monitoring and controlling air
pollution [4].
In recent years, the Internet of Things
(IoT) has emerged as a promising
technology for addressing various
environmental challenges, including air
quality monitoring [5]. IoT-based air
quality monitoring systems can provide
real-time data on air pollutant
concentrations, enabling timely
interventions to mitigate the harmful
effects of air pollution[6]. Additionally,
low-cost air filters can play a crucial role
in purifying the indoor air, further
improving air quality and safeguarding
human health [7].
The primary goal of this research is to
design and implement an IoT-based air
quality monitoring and low-cost air filter
system [8]. The system should be capable
of measuring key air pollutants, such as
PM, NO2, and CO, and provide real-time
air quality data through a user-friendly
interface [9]. Moreover, the low-cost air
filter should efficiently purify the
surrounding air, reducing the concentration
of harmful pollutants [10-12].
The proposed system should address the
following challenges:
Integration of multiple sensors (DHT11,
MQ135, and MQ7) with the Arduino
microcontroller and ESP8266 WiFi
module for efficient data collection and
transmission.
Real-time visualization and analysis of air
quality data using the ThingSpeak
platform.
Design and implementation of a low-cost
air filter that effectively purifies the
surrounding air.
Ensuring the system's affordability,
reliability, and ease of use for widespread
adoption in various settings, such as
homes, offices, and public spaces [13-15].
Related Works
In recent years, IoT-based air quality
monitoring and low-cost air filter devices
have garnered a substantial amount of
interest due to the potential of these
technologies to address the rising issues
around air pollution. Quite a few research
have been carried out in this field, all of
which have concentrated their attention on
a specific facet of air quality monitoring
and air purification.
[1] The purpose of this research is to
present an overview of sensing
technologies that are very inexpensive for
the management of air pollution in urban
contexts. The authors explore the potential
and obstacles that are involved with the
adoption of IoT-based air quality
monitoring systems, and they stress the
necessity of these systems.
An Internet of Things-based low-cost air
quality monitoring system was presented
by Singh et al. (2018) [2,] and it made use
of Arduino, DHT11, MQ135, and
ESP8266. Real-time monitoring of air
quality is accomplished by the authors'
demonstration of a successful integration
of sensors and data transfer into the
ThingSpeak platform.
Using MQ135 and MQ7 sensors, which
are capable of detecting a wide variety of
contaminants, Devara and Gadhavi (2017)
[3] offer a low-cost air quality monitoring
system for use in urban contexts. The
research highlights the need of developing
low-cost methods for monitoring air
quality as a means of reducing the health
hazards associated with exposure to air
pollution.
In this extensive review, which was written
by Wang et al. (2018) [4,] the authors
cover the recent developments in methods
for monitoring air quality, including
IoT-based solutions. The authors provide a
comprehensive study of a variety of
sensing technologies and the potential of
each of those technologies to improve the
management of air quality.
Chen et al. (2017) [5] present a
collaborative system for monitoring the air
quality in metropolitan areas that makes
use of low-cost sensors and internet of
things technologies. This research reveals
that it is possible to implement such
systems for large-scale air quality
monitoring and management as the results
of the study demonstrate.
These studies illustrate the increased
interest in IoT-based air quality monitoring
and low-cost air filter systems, and they
emphasise the need of finding economical
and efficient solutions to solve the issues
posed by air pollution. The research that
has already been done in this field will be
built upon by the proposed system, which
incorporates DHT11, ESP8266, Arduino,
MQ135, MQ7, and ThingSpeak. The
system's goal is to offer an efficient
solution for real-time air quality
monitoring as well as air purification.
Implementation
The Internet of Things-based air quality
monitoring and low-cost air filter system is
meant to assess important air contaminants
and present real-time data on air quality
using an interface that is appealing to
users. The following actions provide an
overview of the process of putting the
proposed system into action:
Fig. 1 Circuit Diagram
Assemble the Hardware: Assemble the
following components: an Arduino
microcontroller, an ESP8266 WiFi
module, a DHT11 temperature and
humidity sensor, a MQ135 gas sensor for
detecting pollutants such as NO2 and
ammonia, a MQ7 carbon monoxide sensor,
and a low-cost air filter consisting of a
HEPA filter and a fan.
You will need to use the relevant pins on
the Arduino microcontroller in order to
connect the sensors (DHT11, MQ135, and
MQ7).
In order to send data wirelessly, you will
need to connect the ESP8266 WiFi module
to the Arduino microcontroller.
Software Development: The data from the
attached sensors (DHT11, MQ135, and
MQ7) should be read from the Arduino
microcontroller at regular intervals,
therefore programme it to do so (e.g.,
every minute).
It is important to calibrate the sensors so
that precise readings can be obtained for
the temperature, humidity, and gas
concentrations.
Create a calculation technique to
determine the Air Quality Index (AQI)
based on the data from the sensors.
Set up the ESP8266 WiFi module so that it
can connect to the internet and send the
collected sensor data to the ThingSpeak
platform. This data should include the
temperature, humidity, gas concentrations,
and AQI.
Configuration Options for the ThingSpeak
Platform:
Make an account on ThingSpeak and add a
new channel to it in order to do data
visualisation and analysis.
It is necessary to configure the channel so
that it can receive data from the ESP8266
WiFi module and show real-time graphs
for temperature, humidity, gas
concentrations, and AQI.
Users of the ThingSpeak platform may be
informed when the air quality reaches
levels that are harmful via the use of
warnings and notifications that can be set
up on the platform.
Cost-Effective Integration of Air Filters:
Place the air filter that is more affordable
in the same location as the equipment that
monitors the air quality.
In order to turn on the fan that is part of
the air filtration system, programme the
Arduino microcontroller to do so
depending on the AQI that was
determined. For instance, the fan may be
set to turn on when the AQI hits a certain
level, which would indicate that the air accurate readings of temperature and
quality is unacceptable. humidity, with just a small amount of
room for error. Fig. 2, 3 and 4 shows the
Analyze how well the air filter is working
output.
by contrasting the AQI readings taken
before and after turning on the fan.
Experimentation and Analysis:
Test the air quality monitoring and
low-cost air filtration system that is based
on the internet of things in a variety of
indoor contexts, such as residences,
businesses, and public areas.
Consider the system's performance in
terms of its correctness, dependability, and
the simplicity with which it may be used.
Fig. 2 Output Thingspeak Humidity
Examine the efficiency of the inexpensive
air filter in terms of cleaning the air around
it and lowering the amount of dangerous
pollutants that are present in the
environment.
We are able to give real-time data on air
quality and a cheap solution for reducing
the harmful impacts of air pollution if we
put into action the Internet of
Things-based air quality monitoring and
low-cost air filter system that has been
presented. This approach can be simply Fig. 3 Thingspeak Output for Gas
implemented in a variety of contexts and
Both the MQ135 and the MQ7 sensors did
has the potential to contribute to
an excellent job of determining the level of
improvements in both human health and
contaminants such NO2, ammonia, and
the well-being of the environment.
CO in the air. When compared to other
Results types of air quality monitoring equipment,
the readings obtained from the sensors
The prototype of the Internet of
verified that they fell within the
Things-based air quality monitoring and
parameters of what is considered to be
low-cost air filtration system was deployed
acceptable.
and evaluated in a variety of indoor
locations, including residences,
workplaces, and public areas. These
environments included: The following is a
discussion of the findings that were
acquired from the tests:
Accuracy and Reliability of the Sensor:
The DHT11 sensor delivered reliable and
 turn prompted early responses to minimise
the negative consequences of air pollution.

Fig. 4 Thingspeak Output for Temperature.

Data Visualization and Analysis Done in
Real Time:
The temperature, humidity, gas
concentrations can now be seen and
analysed in real time thanks to the
ESP8266 WiFi module's successful
transmission of sensor data to the
ThingSpeak platform.
Users were able to make educated choices
about the activation of the low-cost air
Fig. 5 Project Prototype
filter system or other interventions to
enhance air quality because to the In conclusion, the prototype shown in fig.
real-time graphs that were provided on the 5, the IoT-based air quality monitoring
ThingSpeak platform. This made it easier prototype and low-cost air filter system
for users to monitor air quality. showed encouraging results in terms of
accuracy, dependability, and usability of
Performance of a Low-Cost Air Filter The
the system. The system was able to
low-cost air filter, which consisted of a
perform an accurate real-time monitoring
HEPA filter and a fan, efficiently cleansed
of the air quality and made a contribution
the air in the surrounding area when it was
to the improvement of air quality by
activated in accordance with the AQI that
turning on the inexpensive air filter based
was determined.
on the computed AQI. This technology,
System Usability and Deployment: The which is both economical and effective,
prototype system could be easily installed, has the potential to be used in a variety of
configured, and used. This made it contexts with the goals of mitigating the
possible for the system to be deployed negative impacts of air pollution and
extensively in a broad variety of interior promoting both improved human health
locations. and improved environmental well-being.

The warnings and notifications that were Conclusion

made available to users of the ThingSpeak
The IoT-based air quality monitoring and
platform guaranteed that users were alerted
low-cost air filter system prototype
about harmful air quality levels, which in
improved indoor air quality and was
cost-effective. The DHT11 sensor,
ESP8266 WiFi module, Arduino
microcontroller, MQ135 and MQ7 gas
sensors, and ThingSpeak platform
provided real-time air quality data and
enabled prompt air pollution mitigation.
The system's accuracy, reliability, and
usability were confirmed through indoor
testing. The sensors measured temperature,
humidity, and pollutant concentrations
accurately, and ThingSpeak's real-time
data presentation let users monitor air
quality. The estimated AQI values
indicated air quality, enabling users to
detect health hazards and take action.
When triggered by the computed AQI, the
low-cost HEPA filter and fan air filter
system purified the air. The system
reduced pollutant concentrations, proving
its ability to enhance air quality and reduce
air pollution.
Finally, the IoT-based air quality
monitoring and low-cost air filter
technology may help solve indoor air
pollution. Its price and efficiency make it
appropriate for broad use in homes,
workplaces, and public venues. The
technology improves human and
environmental health and quality of life by
delivering real-time air quality data and an
economical air purification solution.
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Technical University of Sofia 8
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[19] Ahmed Samy Moursi1 · Nawal
ElFishawy1 · Soufene Djahel2 ·
Marwa Ahmed Shouman1
Received: 21November 2020 /
Accepted: 16 July 2021 / Published
online: 29 July 2021 © The
Author(s) 2021
[20] DANIEL IBASETA1 , JULIO
MOLLEDA2 , FIDEL DÍEZ1 &
JUAN C. GRANDA21 CTIC
Technological Centre, Spain 2
Department of Computer Science
and Engineering, University of
Oviedo, Spain