A Project Progress Report on

IOT BASED AIR QUALITY INDEX

MONITORING USING ESP32

Submitted By

AISHWARYA M 4NM17EC011
AISHWARYA DHADD 4NM18EC012
C KAVITHA 4NM19EC402

Under the guidance of

Dr. K.V.S.S.S.S.SAIRAM
Professor and Head of the Department

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

N.M.A.M. INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NITTE - 574110
2021 – 2022
 IoT based Air Quality Index Monitoring using ESP32

ABSTRACT

The continuous augmentation of pollution is a problem that must be addressed straightaway.

Pollution impacts our health as well as causes major environmental changes like Global
warming and weather variations. Air pollution is one of the biggest challenges that the world is
facing today as it has got adverse effects on human health like lung cancer, respiratory and
heart diseases. There is a need to constantly measure, analyze and monitor the air quality on
a real-time basis so that appropriate measures can be taken whenever needed. With an
increasing level of industrialization, air pollution has become one of the major problems all
over the world. The quality of air in the atmosphere is becoming progressively worse due to
the emission of harmful gases and other pollutants. With many small, medium and large
industries coming up, air pollution has disturbed the entire ecological system and affected lives
of humans as well as plants and animals. This creates a need for real-time air quality
monitoring systems for micro, small and medium industries so that timely decisions can be
taken to avoid environmental degradation.

For this, we have proposed a model that uses the concept of the Internet of Things to let the
user know about the concentration of harmful gases present around him and thus letting the
user know the quality of air around him as well as in particular areas through IOT. The
parameters that are monitored here are PM2.5, Carbon monoxide (CO), Carbon
dioxide(CO2),temperature, and humidity, after being read from the sensors they are uploaded
to a real-time database server for Air Quality Index (AQI) calculation. The values of these
parameters are further displayed on an IoT platform, ThingSpeak, in the form of a graph as
well as a number. If the concentration of Carbon dioxide exceeds a certain threshold, the
buzzer gets triggered. ThingSpeak , is the easiest platform that we have used and we have set
the dashboard to public such that everyone can come to know the Air Quality at the location
where the system is installed.

Therefore, it has become essential to control the pollution for better future and healthy
life.The user friendly and easy handling of the system technology is such that it can be
installed in houses, schools and in small places.

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 IoT based Air Quality Index Monitoring using ESP32

I. INTRODUCTION

Air is one of the most crucial elements in the life of human beings. In today’s world, air
pollution is rising at an alarming rate because of which there is climate change, and this has
adverse consequences on everyone. The air around us is getting polluted because of the
release of poisonous gases by industries, vehicle emissions which leads to an increase in the
concentration of harmful gases and particulate matter in the atmosphere. Hence, it is
necessary to constantly monitor the air quality index to make our surrounding environment
healthy and hence, worth living. Particulate matter is one of the most important parameter
having the significant contribution to the increase in air pollution. This creates a need for
measurement and analysis of real-time air quality monitoring , so that appropriate decisions
can be taken in a timely period.

Air quality monitoring is a concept of providing the user with a platform where he/she can
check the quality of air around them. The air quality monitoring system will help us to indicate
the status of the quality of the air we breathe. Here, we mainly focus on the design and
implementation of an IoT based Air Quality Index Monitoring System that we have intended to
develop using ESP32 microcontroller. The setup is going to show the air quality in PPM,
temperature, and humidity with the help of various sensors and further, it would be displayed
on the IoT Platform, ThingSpeak. The dashboard of the platform is to be set to public so that
everyone and anyone can keep a track of the quality of air at the location where the system
would be installed. In this way, we can monitor it very easily by using our computer or mobile.
The motivation behind our project is to protect our environment by curbing the release of
harmful gases emitted by industries, vehicles, etc.

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 IoT based Air Quality Index Monitoring using ESP32

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

Methods of monitoring air quality have existed for over a century, and new methods are
still being introduced. Several techniques to estimate air quality have been proposed by
researchers worldwide. This section provides a review of the methods used for
estimation and monitoring of air quality.

Poonam pal et al. [2] used MQ135 gas sensor that gives the sense of different type of
dangerous gas and arduino is the heart of this project which controls the entire process.
Wi-Fi module connects the whole process to internet.

C.V. Saikumar, M. Reji and P.C. Kishoreraja et al. [3] In this, the system is very simple
as compared to the existing air quality monitoring systems. It is also used for pollution
monitoring purpose in cites.

Sonal A. Mishra, Dhanashree S. Tijare and G. M. Asutkar et al. [6] It uses an Air Quality
Index to categorize the various levels of air pollution. It also associates meaningful and
very intuitive colours to the different categories, thus the state of air pollution can be
communicated to the user very easily

Y. J. Jung, Y. K. Lee, D. G. Lee, K. H. Ryu and S.Nittel et al. [9] Proposed an air
pollution monitoring system which involves a context model and a flexible data
acquisition policy. The context model is used for understanding the status of air
pollution on the remote place. It can provide an alarm and safety guideline depending on
the condition of the context model.

P. Völgyesi, A. Nádas, X. Koutsoukos and Á. Lédeczi et al. [10] ThingSpeak was used in
this system, which is an open-source cloud platform for easily storing and retrieval of
data through Hyper Text Transfer Protocol i.e., HTTP over the internet.

K. A. Delin and S. P. Jackson et al. [11] used materializing technologies, devices, and
software systems to keep a close check on rapidly growing pollution.

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 IoT based Air Quality Index Monitoring using ESP32

III. FLOW CHART

START

Is WiFi NO
connected?

YES

Read Temperature
and Humidity

Is data NO
available?

YES

Upload to
Thingspeak cloud

Fig. 3.1: System flowchart for the IoT-based framework for air

As shown in the figure, when the program starts, it checks for the wifi connection. If the wifi
connection is found 'YES' ,then it goes to the next step. If 'NO' it goes back to check the
connection. Once the connection is accomplished, it reads the temperature and if data is not
available, it goes back and keeps checking until the data is found. If 'YES' it uploads the data
to the ThingSpeak server and goes back to read the data to execute next set of instructions . .

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 IoT based Air Quality Index Monitoring using ESP32

IV. REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS

Sl.no Requirement Description

1 Software ⅰ.Aurduino Integrated Development
Environment
ⅱ.ThingSpeak

2 Hardware ⅰ.Microcontroller
ⅱ.Sensing unit- MQ135,MQ7
GP2Y1010AU0F,DHT11

The microcontroller we have used in this project is ESP32. ESP32 microcontroller has
a powerful chip with a dual processing core. This makes it faster than the other
controllers discussed above. It is a low-cost, low-power microcontroller and it has an in-
built Wi-Fi module, on-chip Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), good deep sleep modes. It
supports 18 channels for 12-bit ADC and 2 channels for 8-bit DAC. All the incoming data
from the sensors is processed by ESP32.

The sensing unit includes four sensors that are used for monitoring air quality. They
are MQ1345- detects a variety of gases like ammonia, Carbon dioxide, etc. MQ7-
detects concentration of Carbon monoxide in the air. GP2Y1010AU0F- Dust sensor
used for detecting fine particles, DHT11- It is a temperature and humidity sensor.

Arduino IDE is a publicly accessible software where one can easily write codes and
upload them to the board. It makes code compilation very easy. ThingSpeak is an open-
source IoT platform where one can combine, picture, and examine live streams of data in
the cloud. Graphs, charts, numeric values of sensor data can be plotted on ThingSpeak.

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 IoT based Air Quality Index Monitoring using ESP32

V. WORK SPLIT

Month Work progress

October Collecting ideas for the project, Literature survey

November Literature survey

December Literature survey, Data collection

January Understanding the software

February Deciding and implementing the methodology

March Testing and debugging

April Writing review papers

May Documentation

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 IoT based Air Quality Index Monitoring using ESP32

VI. GHANTT CHART

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 IoT based Air Quality Index Monitoring using ESP32

REFERENCES

[1] Shreya Mahetaliya, Dipansh Makwana, Anchal Pujara, Prof. Sandeep

Hanumante, ”Iot based Air Quality Monitoring using ESP32” , International
Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 08 Issue:04| Apr 2021
[2] Poonam Pal et al., "IoT Based Air Pollution Monitoring System Using
Arduino", IRJET Journal, vol. 4, no. 10, October 2017.
[3] C.V. Saikumar, M. Reji and P.C. Kishoreraja, "IOT Based Air Quality Monitoring
System", International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, vol. 117, no. 9,
pp. 53-57, 2017.
[4] R. A. Roseline, M. Devapriya and P. Sumathi, "Pollution Monitoring using
Sensors and Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey", International Journal of
Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), vol. 2, no. 7,
pp. 119-124, July 2013
[5] Nikheel A. Chourasia and Surekha P. Washimkar, "ZigBeeBased Wireless Air
Pollution Monitoring", International Conference on Computing and Control
Engineering (ICCCE 2012), 12 & 13 April, 2012.
[6] Sonal A. Mishra, Dhanashree S. Tijare and G. M. Asutkar, "Design of Energy
Aware Air pollutionMonitoring System using WSN", International Journal of
Advances in Engineering & Technology, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 107-116, May 2011
[7] F. Tsow, E Forzani, A. Rai, R. Wang, R. Tsui, S. Mastroianni, et al., "A wearable
and wireless sensor system for real-time monitoring of toxic environmental
volatile organic compounds", IEEE Sensors J., vol. 9, pp. 1734-1740, Dec. 2009.
[8] W. Chung and C.H. Yang, "Remote monitoring system with wireless sensors
module for room environment", Sens. Actuators B, vol. 113, no. 1, pp. 35-42,
2009.
[9] Y. J. Jung, Y. K. Lee, D. G. Lee, K. H. Ryu and S. Nittel, "Air pollution monitoring
system based on geo sensor network", Proc. IEEE Int. Geo science Remote
Sensing Symp., vol. 3, pp. 1370-1373, 2008.
[10] P. Völgyesi, A. Nádas, X. Koutsoukos and Á. Lédeczi, "AirQuality Monitoring with
SensorMap", Proceedings of the 7thinternational Conference on information
Processing in Sensor Networks, pp. 529-530, 2008.
[11] K.A.Delin and S. P. Jackson, "The Sensor Web: A New
InstrumentConcept", SPIE Symposium on Integrated Optics, Jan 2003.

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