Monitor Air Pollution on Your Smartphone with IoT

IOT ENABLED AIR POLLUTION MONITORING SYSTEM USING DIGITAL DASHBOARD ON SMARTPHONE
ABSTRACT
Air pollution is one such form that refers to the contamination of air. Due to our
unawareness, air is being polluted in many ways. Now a days air pollution has turned out to
be one of the significant issues because of increment in the quality of mills, factories,
vehicles. Mills and factories make air polluted by emitting smoke and poisonous gases.
Presenting a IOT enabled air pollution meter to monitor air quality on your smartphone
using BLYNK application and ARUDINO. In this project BLYNK application provides one
tool digital dashboard on your smartphone that displays real-time air quality reading
according to current location. The IoT based air pollution monitoring system can be
produced by using sensors and microcontrollers available in the market. The
microcontrollers are programmed to take the sensors as input and transmit the data to the
cloud. An algorithm is developed to analyse the data and send it to the smartphones app.
The IoT based pollution system will help us to fetch the data from any location where the device is
installed.All the data we can able to see in the smartphone app. Internet of things (IoT) based
project pollution system is used to detect the current level of hazardous gases in the atmosphere.
IOT things (IoT) based pollution system is used to detect the current level of hazardous gases in the
atmosphere.
The primary goal of this project is to design a framework or system which will be detection
of air pollution in our surroundings and shows the quantity of fresh air in our mobile. This
project design requires three sensors such as Humidity sensor, Gas sensor and PM2.5/PM10
sensor.
Internet of Things is a worldwide emerging technique which contains “smart devices” that can able
to sense and connect with surroundings and interact with the users and other devices.
Environmental pollution problem has been a great threat to the development of society and humans
life. IoT technology provides an effective method for solving the environmental pollution problem.
To overcome the problems, we propose a three-phase air pollution monitoring system with IoT. An
IoT kit was developed using MQ gas sensors, ArduinoUNO, and a Wi-Fi module (ESP8266). This
system can be placed in various cities to monitoring air pollution in their surroundings. The MQ gas
sensors gather data from air and forward the data to the Arduino UNO. The ArduinoUNO transmits
the data to the cloud via the ESP8266 module. We also developed an Android based application
termed as Air-Monitoring. So that users can access the air quality data from the cloud. If a user is
Department of CSE ,sjcet Page 1

traveling to a particular destination, with the help of MQ sensor the pollution level of the entire
route is predicted and a warning is given to the user if the pollution level is too high. This system will
be equivalent to Google Traffic or the Navigation application of Google Maps for pollution Data.
Finally, with the available air quality data the AQI (Air Quality Index) levels can be calculated for
future Prediction.
Keywords:
Internet of Things (IoT), Gas sensor, Smoke sensor, Humidity sensor, Aruino Uno, Blynk, Smart
phone app.

LIST OF CONTENT

INTRODUTION
Air is a life giving force. Both, animals and plants inhale oxygen and carbon-dioxide from air.
So if the air is polluted , naturally it makes a great a threat to all. That’s why air is an
important element of our environment. But air is being polluted severely that this problem has
become a global concern at present. One of the main reasons for global warming is carbon dioxide
emission into the atmosphere. There are several traditional methods espoused for monitoring the
emissions. Air pollution has turned out to be one of the major issues. It causes a large number of
unfavorable impacts on human well being, atmosphere. Air pollution may cause harm to the others
living organisms such as animals and food crops and may damage the natural environment. Human
activity and natural processes can both generate air pollution. Air is polluted in many ways. But air
pollution is more acute in urban areas because vehicles and mills, factories here emit CO2 gases and
smokes that pollute our city air seriously. Besides, burning of trash and indiscriminate discharge of
human waste in the open air is also the cause of serious air pollution. Harmful gases like nitrogen
oxides and sulphur oxides are released into the atmosphere during the burning of fossil fuels .When
it rains the droplets combine with these air pollutants becomes acidic and then falls on the ground in
the form of acid rain.Acid rain cause great damage to human, animals and crops. Air Pollution
monitoring system displays the real-time air in our smartphone.IoT is the system of physical gadget,
vehicles, home apparatuses, and different things implanted with hardware, programming, sensors
and availability which empowers these articles to associate and trade information. This IoT pollution
system is used to monitor air quality on the smartphone using Blynk application and NODEMCU.
Blynk is an IoT platform to control NODEMCU and the like over the internet. In this project Blynk
provides a digital dashboard on the smartphone that displays real-time air quality readings for the
immediate surroundings.This research makes human find out which content of the air is
polluted. With module node mcu esp8266, we can monitor the air pollution remotely,

because there is a Wi-Fi in nodemcu esp8266. This makes the air condition can be
monitored every time.
Monitoring of air pollution is one of the biggest challenges in tackling air pollution is lack of facilities
of monitoring. As suggested by Satellite data, there are several cities which could fall in critical air
quality however they are not under monitoring presently. Most of the cities have manual monitoring
systems which provide data with lag and are subject to human error. Robust air pollution monitoring
systems are required to alert people for taking appropriate action when the air quality worsens.
Several people have started buying air purifiers show ever most of the solutions which are put into
place for monitoring air pollution are brought in from abroad. Such instruments and solutions are
tuned to the climatic conditions of other countries. A recent Assocham-Tech Sci research joint study
on air purifiers in India projects that the market is expected to grow from the current $14.14 million
$38.99 million by 2023 alone. In order to improve air quality various steps to be taken care by Indian
government, Indian Government is taking the matter of improvement in air quality very seriously
and implemented the National Clean Air Program to focus on diminishing particulate matter (PM)
stages by 20-30% by 2024.
The Internet of Things (IoT) plays a vital role to find application in integrating interrelated computing
devices by bringing the mechanical and digital aspects together. A Unique Identifier method and
enables transfer of data without human intervention or inputs. IOT has found applications in various
fields such as real time analytics, machine learning, home automation, wireless sensor networks,
control systems etc. Present monitoring systems for air pollution involve equipment’s which are
difficult to install, heave and expensive. It is now believed that IoT tools can deliver a system to
quantify and report air quality with devices that are efficient and deliver accurate data constantly.
This would involve usage of light weight sensors which can be attached to streetlight, public benches
or even people. These sensors are part of low power wide area networks. These are specifically
shaped sensors which observe ambient air for Nox, particulate matter& Co2. Decibel meters are also
connected for measuring noise pollution. This generates a stream of data which can be converted
into a heat map which plots air quality across the city. This stream of data is crunched using analytics
and mapped against other variables such as traffic volume etc. for creating actionable.
Several countries have started implementing IoT for the purpose of monitoring air pollution. For
instance, In South Korea, the administration has tossed the ‘Air Map Korea Project’ that targets to
log extensive statistics via displays connected on 4.5 million telephone poles and 4,000 central
offices. The sensors installed under this program measures fine dust particles, volatile organic
compounds, humidity, noise levels etc. Chongqing City in China is now functioning with China Mobile

to discover how allied device scan increase the checking of air quality, while cities like Brazil, Spain,
Portugal and Spain are working with Orange and Telefonica for similar objects.
LITERATURE SERVEY
The difficulty of the conventional monitoring instruments is their large size, heavy weight and
extraordinary costlier. These lead to inadequate deployment of the monitoring stations. In order to
be effective, the locations of the monitoring stations need careful placement because the air
pollution situation in urban areas is highly related to human activities (e.g. construction activities)
and location-dependent (e.g., the traffic choke-points have much worse air quality than average).
IOT Based Air Pollution Monitoring System monitors the Air Quality over a webserver using internet
and will activate an alarm when the air quality goes down beyond a certain level, means when there
is amount of harmful gases present in the air like CO2, smoke, alcohol, benzene, NH3, NOx and LPG.
The system will show the air quality in PPM on the LCD and as well as on webpage so that it can be
monitored very easily. Temperature and Humidity is detected and supervised in the system. An Air
Pollution Monitoring System for monitoring the combination of major air pollutant gases has been
designed, developed, and observed with the wireless standard. This system measures combination
of gases such as CO, NO2 and SO2, and using semiconductor sensors. The hardware unit integrates a
single-chip microcontroller, air pollution sensors array, a GSM-Module and a GPS-Module. The
Central-Server is a high-end personal computer application server with internet connectivity. The
hardware unit gathers air pollutants levels (CO, NO2, and SO2), and packs them in a frame with the
GPS physical location, time, and date. The frame is finally uploaded to the GSM-Modem and
transmitted to the Central-Server via wireless network. The Environmental air pollution has
significant influence on the combination of constituents in the atmosphere leading to effects like

global warming and acid rains. To avoid such harmful imbalances in the nature, an air pollution
measuring system is utmost important. The traditional air quality monitoring system, controlled by
the Pollution Control Department, is extremely costlier. Wireless Sensor Networks are a new and
very challenging research field for embedded system design automation, as their design must
enforce stringent constraints in terms of power and cost. This attempts to develop an effective
solution for pollution measuring using wireless sensor networks (WSN). It focuses on development
of a prototype for a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) that supervises various environmental
guidelines of interest in urban areas based on ZigBee protocol. This is observed through a small
device that can be placed anywhere in a city. First, it is studied the operation of ZigBee protocol.
Second, it was chosen and tested a ZigBee module and sensors from the market. Then, it was
developed a module that supervises: humidity, temperature, light, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide
and oxygen. These data are measured and sent regularly to a base station connected to a computer.
These data are stored and processed for presentation on the Internet in this Environment
Observation and Forecasting System (EOFS) is an application for supervising and providing a
forecasting about environmental circumstances. The air pollution Monitoring system which involves
a context model and a flexible data acquisition policy. The context model is used for understanding
the status of air pollution on the remote Place. It can provide an alarm and safety guideline
depending on the condition of the context model. It also supports the flexible sampling interval
change for effective the tradeoff between sampling rates and battery lifetimes. In this Pollution Map
is a new automated system that monitors the air quality of urban cities and displays the information
using a web service. The system collects pollution data using mobile hardware modules, transmits
the data regularly using GPRS to a back-end server, and integrates the data to generate a pollution
map of the city using its geographical information system. The pollution map is available at any time
from an easy-to-view website. The proposed system consists of a Mobile DataAcquisition Unit
(Mobile DAQ) and a fixed Internet-Enabled Pollution Monitoring Server (Pollution-Server). The
Mobile-DAQ unit combines a single-chip microcontroller, air pollution sensors array, a General
Packet Radio Service Modem (GPRS-Modem), and a Global Positioning System Module (GPS-
Module). The Pollution-Server is a high-end personal computer application server with Internet
connectivity. The Mobile-DAQ unit gathers air pollutants levels (CO, NO2, and SO2), and packs them
in a frame with the GPS physical location, time, and date. The frame is finally uploaded to the GPRS
Modem and transmitted to the Pollution-Server via the public mobile network. Some of the current
technique for the air pollution monitoring are described as below, in plug and sense device method,
it uses multiple sensors with location co-ordinate, and AQI LED indicator is induced as per pollution
level and the Real time pollution level visualized using line graph. In distributed sensor data

computing, it uses distributed intelligence for the sensor nodes and uses spatial database for
locations. In Arduino based method it uses sensor devices for data, Uses ESP8266 Wi-Fi module for
connection to server, Uses Node.js and Node RED for displaying data on the server side. In personal
assessment methods, Biochemical dose assessment methods are used ex. Biomarkers. In ZigBee
technology, ZigBee transmitters and receivers are used, GPS module is used for locations for
pollution level on map.
EXISTING SYSTEM
In the existing system we observed that the Air quality monitoring system is done using Raspberry Pi,
DSM501A sensor, MQ9 sensor, DHT22 sensor and MQ135 sensor using IoT. MQTT protocol is used
for the establishing communication between sensors and client. NodeRED and IBM Blue mix
platforms are also created. Later the values are monitored on the dashboard of IBM Blue mix.

Fig: proposed system for air pollution monitoring system.

LIMITATIONS:
1) Only three sensors are used.

2) Humidity sensor should be less than 95%.
3) Accurate measure of contaminating gases cannot be detected in ppm.

PROPESED SYSTEM
Now a days air pollution has turned out to be one of the significant issues because of
increment in the quality of mills, factories, vehicles. Mills and factories make air polluted
by emitting smoke and poisonous gases. Air pollution is one such form that refers to the
contamination of air. Due to our unawareness, air is being polluted in many ways. . Both,
animals and plants inhale oxygen or carbon-dioxide from the air. So if the air is polluted, naturally it
makes a great threat to all. That’s why air is an important element of our environment. But air is
being polluted so severely that this problem has become a global concern at present. One of the
main reasons for global warming is carbon dioxide emission into the atmosphere. There are several
traditional methods espoused for monitoring the emissions[1].Air pollution has turned out to be one
of the major issues. It causes such a large number of unfavorable impacts on human wellbeing,
atmosphere, and biological community. IOT enabled air pollution meter to monitor air quality
on your smartphone using BLYNK application and ARUDINO. In this project BLYNK
application provides one tool digital dashboard on your smartphone that displays real-time
air quality reading according to current location. In this project BLYNK application provides
one tool digital dashboard on your smartphone that displays real-time air quality reading
according to current location. We used IoT platform and we clearly defined the derivations that
mentions the correct ppm on the screen with correct calibration. We have implemented it with less
cost i.e., when we are pushing the data to the cloud, no need to see the output on LCD which adds
more cost to the project [1]. When we are targeting IoT as a platform, our intension should be to
present the idea on internet using the platforms like thinger.io or thingspeak or Cayenne website
which are beautifully designed to present the output and even able to download the dataset. When
doing an experiment air quality monitoring, no need to use LPG or methane detecting sensors as it is
used for Home/office safety. We have used WiFi to push the data onto the cloud rather using GSM
or GPRS module [2]. The problem in another paper that cited at [3] hasn’t calibrated the sensor and
not even converted the sensor output value into PPM. As per the guidelines by UN Data, 0-50 PPM is
SAFE value, 51-100 is moderate as shown in figure 1. Delhi is the most polluted city in the world
recorded around 250PPM. As we are using two sensors, both of them have internal heat element, it
draws more power(P= V*I), so though the both sensors are turned ON, its output voltage levels
varies and shows unpredictable values due to insufficient power drive. So we used a 9V battery and a
7805 family LM7805 Regulator for the CO sensor MQ7.

The primary goal of this project is to design a framework or system which will be detection
of air pollution in our surroundings and shows the quantity of fresh air in our mobile. This
project design requires three sensors such as Humidity sensor, Gas sensor and PM2.5/PM10
sensor. This project provides a combination of process of sensing several gas levels in the air and
also the ambient temperature and humidity, thus sensing the quality of the air. The levels of the
gases and the temperature is displayed in a LCD display panel , which continuously shows the real
time output values of the gas sensors , temperature and humidity sensor.
The above frame work indicates the new proposed system of the Air monitoring System. The
ARDUINO IDE plays a key role in controlling the entire system. MQ135 and LM 35 are the sensors for
identifying dissimilar ecological factors like alcohol, NOx, CO2, benzene, ammonia, smoke, sulphide
steam and moisture. Major sensors are linked with NODE MCU board and also LCD unit connected to
the output of the NODE MCU. Then the connectivity is made amid hardware components through
software application that is ARDUINO IDE. The programming is done for sensing unit to the NODE
MCU according to the user requirement. The data identified from sensors is exhibited on the LCD
and then information transmitted continuously and the user receives the notification or warning of
air quality with the created BLYNK App.

The proposed work is the setup of Air Quality Monitoring System bases on IoT. It consists of a
microcontroller i.e., NodeMCU, sensors namely Mq135 (Air Quality Sensor), LM35 (Temperature
Sensor), LCD 16x2 i2C, Breadboard to make all the connections, Jumper wires for connecting.
Fig: proposed system for air pollution monitoring system.
IoT App for pollution management, industries based specifically, streamline and integrate
environmental processes, including air emissions analyses, water and energy management, and
waste reduction. Such apps provide visibility for users, specifically industries into the risk of incidents
such as chemical leaks, oil spills and toxic substances improper disposal, while compliance
strengthening with environmental standards and regulations.
Development outsources assistance for such apps that can cover areas like:
•Common platform to track and manage initiative environment across organizations
•Track compliance with ISO 14001 and other industry specific environmental standards
•Real-time environmental processes view, audit incident and findings
•Trigger notifications for threshold breaches
•Risk highlights related with threshold breaks The app had Air Quality Monitoring [24] following
features,

•indices of air quality for a specific city using real-time computation, air quality daily forecasts,
•specific reports for air quality measures based on locations,
•air quality maps generation.
BLOCK DIAGRAM:
Fig. 1: Block Diagram

HARDWARE COMPONENTS
2.1 Gas Sensor (MQ 135):
Sensitive material of the sensor is tin-dioxide, whose conductivity
increases with the concentration of gas. Change in conductivity is
converted into output voltage signal, which varies corresponding to the
concentration of combustible gas. MQ135 is highly sensitive to ammonia,
sulphide and benzene steams, smoke and other harmful gases. It is a low-
cost sensor, suitable for different applications. Output of the gas sensor is
connected to analogue input pin A3 of Arduino Uno board through
connector CON2.
The MQ series of gas sensors utilizes a small heater inside with an electro chemical sensor
these sensors are sensitive to a range of gasses are used at room temperature. MQ-135 gas
sensor senses the gases like ammonia nitrogen, oxygen, alcohols, aromatic compounds, sulfide and
smoke. The MQ-135 is used to measure air quality. Sensitive material of MQ135 gas sensor is SnO2
which with lower conductivity in clean air. The MQ-3 gas sensor has a lower conductivity to clean the
air as a gas sensing material. In the atmosphere we can find polluting gases, but the conductivity of
gas sensor increase as the concentration of polluting gas increase.MQ-135 gas sensor can be
implementation to detect the smoke, benzene, steam and harmful gases.
A gas sensor is a device which detects the presence or concentration of gases in the atmosphere.
Based on the concentration of the gas the sensor produces a corresponding potential difference by

changing the resistance of the material inside the sensor, which can be measured as output voltage.
Based on this voltage value the type and concentration of the gas can be estimated.
The type of gas the sensor could detect depends on the sensing material present inside the sensor.
Normally these sensors are available as modules with comparators. These comparators can be set
for a particular threshold value of gas concentration. When the concentration of the gas exceeds this
threshold the digital pin goes high. The analog pin can be used to measure the concentration of the
gas.
Working:
The MQ series of gas sensors utilizes a small heater inside with an electro chemical sensor these
sensors are sensitive to a range of gasses are used at room temperature. The MQ-135 gas sensor
senses the gases like ammonia nitrogen, oxygen, alcohols, aromatic compounds, sulfide and smoke.
The MQ-135 is used to measure air quality. Sensitive material of MQ135 gas sensor is SnO2 which
with lower conductivity in clean air. The MQ-3 gas sensor has a lower conductivity to clean the air as
a gas sensing material. In the atmosphere we can find polluting gases, but the conductivity of gas
sensor increase as the concentration of polluting gas increase.MQ-135 gas sensor can be
implementation to detect the smoke, benzene, steam and other harmful gases
Fig-1: Gas Sensor (MQ 135)
PIN Description:
1. The VDD power supply 5V DC.
2. GND, used to connect the module to system ground.

3. DIGITAL OUT, you can also use this sensor to get digital output from this pin, by setting a
threshold value using the potentiometer.
4. ANALOG OUT, This pin outputs 0-5V analog voltage based on the intensity of the pin.
2.2 Humidity Sensor (DHT 11) :
This composite sensor contains calibrated digital signal outputs of
temperature and humidity. Connected to connector CON3, it includes a
resistive-type humidity measurement component and an NTC
temperature-measurement device. Its output pin is connected to digital
pin 5 of Arduino Uno board. It is a relatively inexpensive sensor for its
performance. DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor feature a temperature and humidity
sensor complex with a calibrated digital signal output. By using the exclusive digital-signalacquisition
technique and temperature and humidity sensing technology, it ensure high reliability and excellent
long-term stability .It can be used in any microcontroller like Arduino, Raspberry pi, etc. and get
rapid result. The DHT11 humidity and temperature sensor consist of 3 main components. It’s
includes a resistive-type humidity measurement component and NTC temperature measurement
component, and connects to a highperformance 8-bit microcontroller, offering excellent quality, fast
response, anti-interference ability and costeffectiveness. Humidity sensor has two electrodes with
moisture holding substrate between them. As the humidity changes, the conductivity of the
substrate changes or resistance between these electrodes changes. This change in resistance is
measured and processed by the IC which makes it ready to be read by microcontroller. On the
contrary, for measuring temperature these sensors use to NTC temperature sensor or a thermistor.

Fig-2: Humidity Sensor (DHT 11)
PIN Description:
1. The VDD power supply 3.5-5.5V DC.

2. DATA serial data, a single bus
3. NC, empty pin
4. GND, used to connect the module to system ground.
WORKING:
DHT11 sensor consists of a capacitive humidity sensing element and a thermistor for sensing
temperature. The humidity sensing capacitor has two electrodes with a moisture holding substrate
as a dielectric between them. Change in the capacitance value occurs with the change in humidity
levels. The IC measure, process this changed resistance values and change them into digital form.
For measuring temperature this sensor uses a Negative Temperature coefficient thermistor, which
causes a decrease in its resistance value with increase in temperature. To get larger resistance value
even for the smallest change in temperature, this sensor is usually made up of semiconductor
ceramics or polymers. The temperature range of DHT11 is from 0 to 50 degree Celsius with a 2-
degree accuracy. Humidity range of this sensor is from 20 to 80% with 5% accuracy. The sampling
rate of this sensor is 1Hz .i.e. it gives one reading for every second. DHT11 is small in size with
operating voltage from 3 to 5 volts. The maximum current used while measuring is 2.5mA.
2.3 PM2.5/PM10 sensor (SDSO11):
PM means Particulate Matter. PM2. 5 refers to particles that are 2.5 microns or smaller
in diameter. This sensor uses laser scattering to radiate suspending particles in the

air, then collects scattering light to obtain the curve of scattering light change with
time. ... 0, PM2. 5 and PM10.Particle pollution, also called particulate matter
(or PM), is a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets floating in the air.
Some particles are released directly from a specific source, while others
are formed in complicated chemical reactions in the atmosphere.The
PM2.5/PM10 sensor connected across CON1 was developed by INOVAFIT,
which is a spin-off from University of Jinan, China. It uses the principle of
laser scattering in the air, and can detect suspended particulate matter
concentration.ranging from 0.3 to 10 microns. Data collected by the
sensor is stable and reliable. SDS011 sensor is connected to UART port (TX
and RX) of Arduino Uno board. The SDS 011 Sensor is a quite recent Air Quality Sensor
developed by INOVAFIT, a spin-off from the University of Jinan. It uses the principle of laser
scattering in the air, and can detect suspended particular matter concentration ranging from 0.3 to
10 microns .Data collected by the sensor is stable and reliable.SDSO11 sensor is connected to UART
port (TX and RX) of Arduino Uno board.
WORKING:
Among all the air pollutants, particulate matter (PM) pollution is of particular
concern. Particulate matter (PM) is further classified into PM2.5 and PM10,
based upon their particle diameter. However, various research has shown that
we still do not have enough PM2.5 and PM10 monitors to create a
representative picture of PM pollution. To understand that, first, we must
address what particulate matter is and how it is measured. According to
USEPA, particulate matter (commonly referred to as PM) is a mixture of solid
particles and liquid droplets found in the air. Some particles like dust and dirt
are visible to the naked eye, and some are so small that one can only observe
with a microscope. Together they are responsible for all the particulate
pollution that we experience every day. The health effects of microscopic
particulate matter (PM) depend upon their particle diameter, and that’s why
monitoring different particle sizes like PM2.5 and PM10 becomes critical.
PM10 and PM2.5 have less than an effective aerodynamic diameter of 10
micrometres and 2.5 micrometres, respectively. Therefore, all combustion
activities, including vehicular emission and forest fires, are a significant source
of particulate matter (PM).

Secondary complex reactions with other pollutants such as sulphur dioxide

and nitrogen oxides, present abundantly, also generates PM indirectly. In
addition, construction and mining activities, unpaved roads account for dust
and particulate pollution. Therefore, dust monitoring at such sites is crucial to
quantify the source contribution and PM size distribution. It is essential to
formalize their particle diameter to develop control standards based on them.
Therefore, samples collected from PM monitors were analysed for particle
size distribution. The results showed that distribution patterns exhibit peaks
around 2.5 and 10 micrometres. These are known as particle distribution
modes of PM monitors. Resultantly, the benefits of air pollution reduction will
significantly outweigh costs, as per Teri’s research. Moreover, such pollution
abatement strategies, built upon PM monitors’ data, can effectively reduce
people’s exposure to PM2.5 and PM10.
Fig-3: PM2.5/PM10 sensor (SDSO11)
2.4: NODEMCU:
The NodeMCU (Node MicroController Unit) is an open source software and hardware development
environment that is built around a very inexpensive System-on-a-Chip (SoC) called the ESP8266. The
ESP8266, designed and manufactured by Espressif Systems, contains all crucial elements of the
modern computer: CPU, RAM, networking (wifi), and even a modern operating system and
SDK.However, as a chip, the ESP8266 is also hard to access and use. You have to solder wires, with
the appropriate analog voltage, to its PINs for the simplest tasks such as powering it on or sending a
keystroke to the “computer” on the chip. And, you have to program it in low-level machine
instructions that can be interpreted by the chip hardware. While this level of integration is not a

problem when the ESP8266 is used as an embedded controller chip in mass-produced electronics, it
is a huge burden for hobbyists, hackers, or students who want to experiment with it in their own IoT
projects.
Fig: NODEMCU ESP8266
RAM and 4MB of Flash memory to store data and programs. Its high processing power with
in-built Wi-Fi / Bluetooth and Deep Sleep Operating features make it ideal for IoT projects.
The NodeMCU ESP8266 development board comes with the ESP-12E module containing
ESP8266 chip having Tensilica Xtensa 32-bit LX106 RISC microprocessor. This
microprocessor supports RTOS and operates at 80MHz to 160 MHz adjustable clock
frequency. NodeMCU has 128 KB NodeMCU can be powered using Micro USB jack and
VIN pin(External Supply Pin). It supports UART, SPI, and I2C interface.
NodeMCU is an open source IoT platform. It includes firmware which runs on the ESP8266
WiFi SoC from Espressif Systems, and hardware which is based on the ESP-12 module. The
term "NodeMCU" by default refers to the firmware rather than the development kits. The
firmware uses the Lua scripting language. It is based on the eLua project, and built on the
Espressif NonOS SDK for ESP8266.
SMARTPHONE:
Smartphone is one component in air pollution monitoring system. The final output will
displays in smartphone.

Fig: OUTPUT for air pollution monitoring system on smartphone
WORK DONE:
Connections:
• DTH11’s voltage, ground is connected to +5V and 0V and signal can be connected to any
Digital Pin 8 of Arduino Uno.
• MQ135’s voltage and ground are connected to +5V and 0V and analog output pin is
connected to analog Pin A0 of Arduino Uno.

• LCD RS pin to digital pin 12, Enable pin to digital pin 11,D4 pin to digital pin 5, D5 pin to
digital pin 4, D6 pin to digital pin 3, D7 pin to digital pin 2, R/W pin to ground, VSS pin to
ground, VCC pin to 5V, 10K resistor ends to +5V and ground and wiper to LCD VO pin.
Fig 10: Connection of DTH11 with
 The data pins of DHT11 are connected to Digital pin of NodeMCU and that of
MQ135 is connected to Analog Pin.

 The base of 2N2222 transistor is connected to a pwm pin of Arduino Uno and the
emitter and collecter of transisitor is connected to the DC Fan and supplied with 9V
battery (in Forward Bias). The other connections are kept the same.
Fig: Connection of DHT11 and MQ135 with NodeMCU
4. SOFTWARE PART:
2.5 BLYNK APP:
Blynk is a platform with iOS and Android apps to control Arduino, Raspberry Pi and the likes over the
Internet. It’s a digital dashboard where we can build a graphic interface for ours project by simply
dragging and dropping widgets. Blynk can control hardware remotely. It can display sensor data,

store and visualize it, among other cool things. Blynk server is responsible for all communication
between the smartphone and hardware. We can use Blynk Cloud or run our private Blynk server
locally. It is open source, and can handle thousands of devices. Blynk Libraries are available for all
popular hardware platforms. The libraries help to communication with the server, and process all
incoming and outgoing commands. When we press a button on Blynk app on the phone, the signal
travels to the Blynk Cloud, where it finds its way to hardware. It works the same way in the opposite
direction, and everything happens in a blink of an eye.
Blynk works:
Blynk can control hardware remotely. It can display sensor data, store and
visualise it, among other cool things. There are three major components in
the platform as given below:
BLYNK APP:
It allows you to create amazing interfaces for your projects using various
widgets.
BLYNK SERVER:
It is responsible for all communication between the smartphone and
hardware. You can use Blynk Cloud or run your private Blynk server
locally. It is open source, and can handle thousands of devices. It can also
be launched on Raspberry Pi.
BLYNK LIBRARIES:

Libraries are available for all popular hardware platforms. The libraries
enable communication with the server, and process all incoming and
outgoing commands.
When you press a button on Blynk app on the phone, the signal travels to
the Blynk Cloud, where it finds its way to the hardware. It works the same
way in the opposite direction, and everything happens in a blink of an eye.
Fig. 1: Blynk gets connected with embedded hardware

WORKING PRINCIPLE
Wireless sensors placed at strategic locations sense the level of dust particles, carbon
dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide in the air. This information is
transmitted to a gateway which forwards it to a cloud database by means of cellular or WiFi
communication. In the cloud, the data are analyzed to provide information on the air quality.
The information on the air quality is shared through a smartphone app. This allows the
relevant authority to take remedial action and the community to take precautionary
measures.
This project proposes an idea to install monitoring applications on smartphones. It is

innovative because it provides easy access to the public to monitor real time air quality in
their area. It uses low cost and readily available devices such as a dust sensor, carbon
monoxide gas sensor, carbon dioxide gas sensor, and nitrogen dioxide gas sensor. For
controlling these sensors, microcontrollers are used and the microcontrollers also act as
transmitter to transmit the data to the cloud database. The information on air quality can be
accessed through a smartphone app in real time.
The IoT based air pollution monitoring system can be produced by using sensors and
microcontrollers available in the market. The microcontrollers are programmed to take the
sensors as input and transmit the data to the cloud. An algorithm is developed to analyse the
data and send it to the smartphones app. Smartphone app will be developed for user to
access the air quality information in real-time.
There are many cities around the world facing air quality issues. The contaminated
air results in death every year and decline in health conditions as people are
exposed to unhealthy air quality. Awareness of the contaminated air enables the

community to take precautionary steps. This will also enable the relevant authority to
take remedial action. With this project the community can enjoy cleaner air and
improved health conditions.
Our team has decided to propose this project because air pollution is among the
most common problem faced by the entire globe. According to Climate & Clean Air
Coalition (n.d), 92% of Asia and the Pacific population which is about 4 billion people
are exposed to levels of air pollution that pose a significant risk to their health.
Hence, with the implementation of real-time air quality monitoring system installed at
targeted areas and monitoring applications in smartphone, sustainable clean air can
be achieved which provide healthy environment to everybody affected by bad air
quality.
MQ135 sensor is used to detect the quality of air. It is also a sensor which is used to detect
the content of alcohol. It is also known as Alcohol sensor.MQ7 sensor is used to detect the
level of Carbon Monoxide. These sensors are placed in a Bread Board.An NodeMCU is also
used, which is also placed on the bread board. A cable is connected and it acts as the bridge
between the system and the NodeMCU. A Light Emitting Diode (LED) is also used which
will be indicating the level of pollution. If the level of pollution is high, it will alert on one
message in mobile. Hence the pollution will be detected through sensors and the level of
pollution is gained as the output in parts per million (PPM). An android application is
designed with a username and password page. After entering the login details, he might be
asked to enter the location. After the location is specified, he will be able to view the level of
pollution in his mobile.
The whole setup is connected to a software which is designed to be light weighted embedded
scripting language that is just a programming language. A form where is a programming
language that is written to a hardware devicesnon-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory
is a form of static random access memory whose contents are saved whenever hardware
devices turned off for processes external power source by exploring functionality with
ESP8266 chip. NodeMCU firmware comes with ESP8266 development board that is
NodeMCU development board. There are two node MCQ versions like ok NodeMCU 0.9
and NodeMCU 1.0. The NodeMCU development board consists of ESP8266 chip, it is a Wi-
Fi enabled system and chip model developed by expressive system it is mostly used for
development of IOT embedded applications. In ESP8266 the ESP-12E is the model
embedded with 10 silica L1R6 32 bit microcontroller and this ESP8266 with cap volts of
2.4GH Wi-Fi , general purpose input, output pins and i2c serial communication it is inter
integrated circuit and analog to digital conversion and serial peripheral interface that is SPI
serial communication protocol and UART and pulse with modulation. The external SPI flash
memory saves the users data .The NodeMCU board is featured with Wi-Fi capabilities,
unlock pin, digital pins and serial communication protocol.
3. Circuit Diagram And Hardware Implementation:
Circuit diagram of this project is shown in Fig.-5 The Circuit Diagram

Fig-5: Circuit diagram of the IoT based air pollution monitoring system
At the Heart of the circuit is Arduino Uno board with Arduino shield. Other components use
are voltage regulators 7805 (IC1 and IC2), temperature and humidity sensor connected to
connector CON3, gas sensor MQ135 connected to connector CON2, PM2.5/PM10 (SDSO11)
sensor connected to connector CON1. A 12V battery or supply is connected to connector
CON7, which is regulated to 5v using 7805 regulators (IC1 and IC2). Here, IC1 and IC2 have
been used for driving various parts of the circuit. Output of the gas sensor is connected to
analog input pin A3 of Arduino Uno board through connector CON2, PM2.5/PM10 sensor

(SDSO11) is connected to digital input pin (0,1) of Arduino Uno board through connector
CON1, Humidity Sensor (DHT 11) is connected to digital input pin 5 of Arduino Uno board
through connector CON2.
5. Digital Dashboard Setup:
Step1. Mount Ethernet shield on Arduino Uno and connect Board to PC using a USB cable.
Step2. Change the IP address in IP Address IP (your IP address) in Arduino sketch
eternetclient.ino. Compile and upload the code into Arduino Uno from Arduino IDE. This
code shows you how to make an HTTP request using an Ethernet shield. It returns a Google
search for the word Arduino. Results of this search are viewable as HTML through Arduino’s
serial window.
Step3. Compile ethernetserver.ino sketch and upload it to Arduino Uno board. Change your
IP address in IPAddress IP (your IP address) in the sketch. In this example, use your Ethernet
shield and Arduino board to create a simple Web server. Using the Ethernet library, your
device will be able to answer an HTTP request with the Ethernet shield. After navigating to
the Ethernet shield’s IP address, Arduino will respond through HTML browser and will be
ready to accept input values from analogue pins (A0 through A5) of Board1.
Step4. Connect your mobile with Wi-Fi. Download and install Blynk app from Google Play
store. Then, create a new Blynk account (Fig-8). This account is separate from the accounts
used for Blynk Forums, in case you already have one.

Fig. 4: Creating a new account in Blynk
An account is needed to save your projects and have access to these from
multiple devices anywhere in the world. It is also a security measure. We
recommend using a real email address because it will simplify things later.
Step5. After you have successfully logged into your account, start by creating a new project
(Fig-9), and give it a name.

Fig. 5: Creating a new project window
Step6. Select the hardware model you intend to use. In this case it is Arduino Uno (Fig-10).

Fig-10 Selecting Aurdino
Step7. Authorisation (or Auth) token is a unique identifier that is needed to connect the
hardware to your smartphone. Every new project you create will have its own Auth token
(Fig-11). Click email button and the token will be sent to the email address you used for
registration. Use this token in auth[] = “your token” in pollution.ino file.

Fig. 7: Typical authorisation token

Step8. Press Create (Fig-12).
Fig. 8: Pressing Create button
Step 9. Your project canvas is empty at the moment. Tap anywhere on the
canvas to open the widget box; all available widgets are located here. Add
widgets (Fig. 9).
Add the following widgets in the settings and make the screen look like a
digital dashboard as shown in Fig. 2. This includes adding the LCD (Fig. 10),
LED, on/off switch, pushbuttons and RTC widgets.

Fig. 9: Widget Box window
Step 10. Run the project. When you are done with the settings, press Play
(Fig. 11). This will switch the display from edit to play mode where you can
interact with the hardware. While in play mode, you will not be able to
drag or set up new widgets. Press Stop and get back to edit mode. In play
mode, you will find the screen shown in Fig. 12.

Fig. 10: LCD widget setting

Fig. 11: Play button
Final Execution: Run the project. When you are done with the settings, press Play (Fig-16). This will
switch the display from edit to play mode where you can interact with the hardware. While in play
mode, you will not be able to drag or set up new widgets. Press Stop and get back to edit mode. In
play mode, you will find the screen shown in figure.

Fig. 12: Play mode

Software Implementation: ( ARDUINO IDE):
Fig: Software implementation
 This Arduino IDE platform consists of two main part:
1. Editor: used to writing the required code.
2. Compiler: used for compiling and uploading the code.
 Arduino IDE is available for many operating systems.

ADVANTAGES
1) Easy to Install
2) Updates On mobile phone directly
3) Accurate Pollution monitoring
4) Remote location monitoring
5) Sensor are easily available
6) Detect wide range gases like C02,CO etc
7) Simple, compact and easily handle
8) Continuous update of change in percentage of quality.
APPLICATIONS
1) Industrial perimeter monitoring
2) Indoor air quality monitoring.
3) Site selection for reference monitoring stations.
4) Making data available to users.

CONCLUSION
The system to monitor the air of environment using NodeMCU microcontroller, IOT
Technology is proposed to improve quality of air. With the use of IOT technology enhances
the process of monitoring various aspects of environment such as air quality monitoring
issue proposed in this paper. Here, using the MQ135 and MQ6 gas sensor gives the sense of
different type of dangerous gas and arduino is the heart of this project. Which control the
entire process. Wi-Fi module connects the whole process to internet and LCD is used for the
visual Output.
Pollution in earlier days was negligible. Currently, however, pollution is increasing day-by-day
because of various reasons such as industrial growth, development of automobile industries, and
chemical industries. Therefore, to reduce the level of pollution from such sources and to protect
humans and the environment from harmful gasses, this air pollution kit was developed that helps a
person to detect, monitor, and test air pollution in a given area. The kit has been integrated with the
mobile application IoT- that helps the user in predicting the pollution level of their entire route.
Further, data logging can be used to predict AQI levels. This proposed air pollution monitoring kit
along with the integrated mobile application can be helpful to people suffering from respiratory
diseases. The app had following features, indices of air quality for a specific city using real-time
computation, air quality daily forecasts, timing outdoor activities for different recommendation of
generation, air quality dips related to health risks, specific reports for air quality measures based on
locations, air quality maps generation. The proposed system faces with computational complexity
particularly when we are dealing with big sensor data. One solution could be using fog computing,
instead of cloud computing to reduce computation complexity and enhance the performance of the
system. We can also implement zero tolerance fast big data real-time stream analytical tools to
process such a complex system.
The proposed Air Quality Monitoring System is a good device that helps to measure the air
quality and temperature in the atmosphere. This device can be useful to measure the level
of gases in a highly dense area like markets, bus stand, railway station etc. from the remote-
control room. The system to monitor the air of environment using Arduino microcontroller,
IoT Technology is proposed to improve quality of air. With the use of IoT technology
enhances the process of monitoring various aspects of environment such as air quality

monitoring issue proposed. Here using of MQ135 gas sensor gives the sense of different
type of dangerous gas and Arduino is the heart of this project which controls the entire
process. Wi-Fi module connects the whole process to internet and LCD is used for the visual
Output.

Monitor Air Pollution on Your Smartphone with IoT

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IOT ENABLED AIR POLLUTION MONITORING SYSTEM USING DIGITAL DASHBOARD ON SMARTPHONE

Department of CSE ,sjcet Page 1

Department of CSE ,sjcet Page 2

Department of CSE ,sjcet Page 3

Department of CSE ,sjcet Page 4

Department of CSE ,sjcet Page 5

Department of CSE ,sjcet Page 6

Department of CSE ,sjcet Page 7

Department of CSE ,sjcet Page 8

Fig: proposed system for air pollution monitoring system.

Department of CSE ,sjcet Page 9

1) Only three sensors are used.

Department of CSE ,sjcet Page 10

Department of CSE ,sjcet Page 11

Department of CSE ,sjcet Page 12

Fig: proposed system for air pollution monitoring system.

•Common platform to track and manage initiative environment across organizations

•Real-time environmental processes view, audit incident and findings

•Trigger notifications for threshold breaches

Department of CSE ,sjcet Page 13

•air quality maps generation.

Fig. 1: Block Diagram

Department of CSE ,sjcet Page 14

2.1 Gas Sensor (MQ 135):

Sensitive material of the sensor is tin-dioxide, whose conductivity

increases with the concentration of gas. Change in conductivity is

converted into output voltage signal, which varies corresponding to the

concentration of combustible gas. MQ135 is highly sensitive to ammonia,

connected to analogue input pin A3 of Arduino Uno board through

Department of CSE ,sjcet Page 15

Fig-1: Gas Sensor (MQ 135)

1. The VDD power supply 5V DC.

2. GND, used to connect the module to system ground.

Department of CSE ,sjcet Page 16

2.2 Humidity Sensor (DHT 11) :

This composite sensor contains calibrated digital signal outputs of

temperature and humidity. Connected to connector CON3, it includes a

resistive-type humidity measurement component and an NTC

temperature-measurement device. Its output pin is connected to digital

pin 5 of Arduino Uno board. It is a relatively inexpensive sensor for its

Department of CSE ,sjcet Page 17

Fig-2: Humidity Sensor (DHT 11)

1. The VDD power supply 3.5-5.5V DC.

2.3 PM2.5/PM10 sensor (SDSO11):

Department of CSE ,sjcet Page 18

time. ... 0, PM2. 5 and PM10.Particle pollution, also called particulate matter

are formed in complicated chemical reactions in the atmosphere.The

PM2.5/PM10 sensor connected across CON1 was developed by INOVAFIT,

which is a spin-off from University of Jinan, China. It uses the principle of

concentration.ranging from 0.3 to 10 microns. Data collected by the

Department of CSE ,sjcet Page 19

Secondary complex reactions with other pollutants such as sulphur dioxide

Fig-3: PM2.5/PM10 sensor (SDSO11)

Department of CSE ,sjcet Page 20

Fig: NODEMCU ESP8266

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Fig: OUTPUT for air pollution monitoring system on smartphone

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Fig 10: Connection of DTH11 with

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Fig: Connection of DHT11 and MQ135 with NodeMCU

2.5 BLYNK APP:

Department of CSE ,sjcet Page 24