B.

SC & BCA I SEMESTER - ENGLISH

CONFLATIONS - I

Prepared By
Ehthashamuddin. J. Sheikh, M.A., M.ED, IIST
# 116, T.K.A.R Building, G. Block,
Champion Reef’s (P.O), Kolar Gold Fields,
Kolar District, Karnataka State.
Mobile Number: - 9738483214
 I.B.Sc/B.C.A (1st Sem) English
SUBJECT: ENGLISH
CHAPTER – 1
TOPIC: - I SHALL GO BACK IN THE NEW YEAR
BY – Nilim Kumar
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I. SUMMARY
'I Shall Go Back in the New Year' is a poem compiled by
Nilim Kumar. In this verse it is said that a new year had
brought about a revolution. We've gone back to the first
day of this year before stepping into the New Year and
perfecting our hopes. Then it will be helpful to focus on
what matters for the next year. The poet had gone back to
the era of civilizations and made the right decision about
the revolution. The poet turned down a plan to buy a new
one for the New Year. He decided to sell his two old cars
and buy a new bicycle. Not everyone is building a new
home. He bought it. But instead of buying his new flat, he
would demolish the concrete walls of the compound and
put up a fence. The wind was blowing indoors. It should
be no wall between him and another. This meant that the
ideas were ready for independent consultations.
Instead of making a new plan for the New Year, he
planned to fix the old one first. Instead of buying a new
android phone, he is keen to repair his old phone. It cost
800 rupees. Instead of going for an eye exam, he thought
of buying Chinese-made glasses. Also bought Chinese
made reading glasses on the side of the road for Rs 850
easily. He wanted to go back to the days of civilization.
The poet decided to live a simple life from today. The
tray, which he used to eat, abandoned the glasses and
planned to eat the green leaf. Instead of a spoon, he began
to walk barefoot, discarding shoes and slippers by hand.
Along this path, the poet tried to return to civilization
rather than simply giving him new promises for the New
Year. That is why the author tried to walk backwards to
civilization.
The poet swore not to set foot in the New Year. Trying to
re-grow old good ideas. Finding a commitment to
satisfaction. So I wish him a happy New Year. It was a
kind of pleasure to walk back and forth.
II. One or Two Sentences Each:
1. Who thinks about going backwards?
Ans: - The poet ‘Nilim Kumar’
2. Why does the poet want to sell his two cars?
Ans: - To buy a bicycle.
1 Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh M.A., M.ED., I.I.S.T
#116, T.K.A.R. Building, „G‟. Block, Champion Reef‟s (P.O), Kolar Gold Fields - 563117
Kolar District, Karnataka State. Mobile Number - 9738483214
Conflations – I Ehthashamuddin J
3. Why does the poet prefer bamboo fence?
Ans: - The bamboo fence allows air to pass through the
squares without interfering towards his house.
4. Mention any two resolutions the poet makes for
the New Year.
Ans: - The Poet wants to buy a bicycle, build a bamboo
fence, repair his old phone and avoid lies for the New
Year.
5. What old things does the poet prefer?
Ans: - Old phone
6. Why does the poet promise that he would not lie?
Ans: - Lie is important to move forward. Without
accepting the New Year filled with so many lies. He
decides to live in the past and enjoy the past.
7. What makes the poet go back from civilization?
Ans: - He gets a kind of grace in going towards the past.
8. Where does the writer wish to go?
Ans: - The Poet wants to go back to the past.
9. What does the poet demolish?
Ans: - Concrete walls of his compound.
10. Where does the air pass through?
Ans: - Squares of bamboo mesh.
11. How much money does the writer spend on old
handset?
Ans: - Rs. 800.
12.Where did the writer pick the plantain leaves?
Ans: - The Poet picked the plantain leaves from the
backyard.
III. Short Paragraph Each:
1. Why does the poet want to go back?
OR
People always have to look forward, but in the poem
why do you think the poet wants to look back?
Ans: - The title of the poem is 'I Shall Go Back in the
New Year' by Neelim Kumar. The verse in this poem
tells of the end of the New Year. He would love to return
without stepping into the New Year. He needs to look
back and think about what he has achieved in the past.
He prefer the past to the future. He wants to return to
civilization, for which he will make some decisive
decision. He wants to return to civilization to avoid lying
for the New Year, and he decides to live and experience
I.B.Sc/B.C.A (1st Sem) English Conflations – I
the past because lies are important to move forward. The
last company not to receive a new year full of many lies.
As the Poet Quotes
"This New Year
I shall go back
Everyone thinks about stepping forward In the New
Year
This New Year 1 shall go backward."
2. What are the decisive resolutions taken by the poet
in this New Year?
Ans: - The poet wants to go back to civilization, for
which he makes some decisive decision, rejecting the
idea of buying a new car in this New Year as everyone
thinks. He decides to buy a bicycle for both of his cars.
He does not want to build a new house like everyone
else. Instead of buying a new flat, he wants to slash
down the concrete walls of his premises and build a
bamboo fence that will spread to his home without
interruption: he does not like the walls, showing that he
is a free man. He stressed that instead of thinking about
the future, we should go to the past. Instead of buying a
new Android mobile, he wants to repair his old phone.
800. He wants to install new Chinese spectacles without
going for eye examination. He can easily get Chinese
reading glasses from the Fancy Bazaar footpath for eight
hundred and fifty rupees. He wants to lead a simple life.
3. Why does the poet think he is different from
others?
Ans: - The arrival of the New Year is important as many
decisions will be made for the coming year. But the poet
does not want to live in the New Year; He wants to come
into contact with the past. He likes to keep old things
with repairs like his old phone. He wants to sell two cars
and buy a bicycle.
He wants to put in new Chinese eye glasses without
going for eye examination. He can easily get Chinese
reading glasses from the Fancy Bazaar footpath for eight
hundred and fifty rupees. As an alternative of buying a
new flat, he wants to demolish the concrete walls of his
premises and build a bamboo fence that will extend
without interfering towards his house. It shows that he
does not like walls and that he is a man of independent
thinking. He is anxious to go to the past instead of
thinking about the future.
As the Poet Quotes
"I swear
Shall not tell a single lie
2 Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh M.A., M.ED., I.I.S.T
#116, T.K.A.R. Building, „G‟. Block, Champion Reef‟s (P.O), Kolar Gold Fields - 563117
Kolar District, Karnataka State. Mobile Number - 9738483214
Ehthashamuddin J
Because this time I shall not go forward
In this New Year
I would rush back from civilization
Turn back turn back
There is fun in going back."
4. Why does the poet say "There is a fun in going
back"?
OR
Do you believe "There is fun in going back"?
Substantiate your answer.
Ans: - Nilim Kumar composed the poem 'I Shall Go
Back in the New Year'. The verse in this poem tells of
the end of the New Year. The Option to return without
stepping into the New Year. In the process, he makes
some important decisions. He makes these decisions
very easily. He likes to keep old things with repairs like
his old phone. He wants to sell two cars and buy a
bicycle. You want to install new Chinese eyeglasses
without going for eye examination. They can easily get
Chinese reading glasses from the Fancy Bazaar sidewalk
for eight hundred and fifty rupees. Instead of buying a
new flat, he wants to tear down the concrete walls of his
premises and build a bamboo fence that will spread to
his home without interruption. It shows that he does not
like walls and that he is a man of independent thinking.
He stressed that instead of thinking about the future, we
should go to the past. The poet promised not to set foot
in the New Year. This is the truth he wants to prove by
accepting the past. He gets this fun with fun and
dedication. Although the fruitful New Year intoxicated
him, he further denied it. Going backwards he gets a
kind of grace.
As the Poet Quotes
"I swear
Shall not tell a single lie
Because this time I shall not go forward
In this New Year
I would rush back from civilization
Turn back turn back
There is fun in going back."
“We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence,
therefore, is not an act. But a habit.”
 I.B.Sc/B.C.A (1st Sem) English
SUBJECT: ENGLISH
CHAPTER – 2
TOPIC: - SONNET (MY FATHER)
BY – Yehuda Amichai
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I. SUMMARY
Sonnet (My Father) This poem was composed by the
modern Israeli poet Yehuda Amichai. In the hope that
upcoming generation will not fight again. But that hope
is gone. The end of every war is a tragedy faced by every
new situation.
This verse begins with the father of Yehuda Amichai.
His father fought for the Germans in World War I
(World War II). However, he was a member of the
Jewish Brigade before volunteering for the British Army
during World War II, becoming Commando of the Negro
Brigade during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. So what point
does the poem end with?
If the father had somehow been with the Germans in all
the wars it would have been the same as his two Jews.
(Amichai served in the Sinai War a few years later and
was published two decades after the Battle of Musk.)
This poem refers to tragedy. Like all Amichai poems, it
is a sad and tragic poem in which all human beings who
have given special knowledge to their son have their own
knowledge about love. The experience of love that the
son inherited from his father. But both this intellect and
vision are not accepted. The word world love is nowhere
to be found. The effect of going back to this war.
The idea of the verse is that the son fights with his father
so that he can increase his power on his own, while his
father mechanically face the opponents involved in
someone else's battles. But the son is now beginning to
take part in the war on his own, trying to see himself
differently than that war father. But the poet could not
achieve more than his father, yet he was more
wholeheartedly engaged in the battle of paternity. It is
now understood that war alone did not develop
knowledge. She could not even understand it for her
children. These kinds of death pains from a global
perspective cause a parallel threat to the growing
nationalism among the people.
II. One or Two Sentences Each:
1. Who fought the war for four years?
Ans: - The poet's father
2. What does "their" in first line refer to?
a) Israeli b) Palestinian
1 Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh M.A., M.ED., I.I.S.T
#116, T.K.A.R. Building, „G‟. Block, Champion Reef‟s (P.O), Kolar Gold Fields - 563117
Kolar District, Karnataka State. Mobile Number - 9738483214
Conflations – I Ehthashamuddin J
c) German d) French
Ans: - c) German
3. When did the father find moments of tranquility?
Ans: - Between the bombs and smoke.
4. What was the condition of the knapsack carried by
the father to the war field?
Ans: - It was ragged.
5. What had become of the cake sent by the mother ?
Ans: - It turned hard.
6. The father's eyes were filled with
a. Hatred b. Love
c. Envy d. Anger
Ans: - b. Love
7. Did the son share the same wisdom as of his
father's?
Ans: - No.
III. Short Paragraph Each:
1. What is the difference between the wars fought by
the father and the son?
Ans: - Sonnet (My Father) is absurd because there are a
lot of Amichai poems. The wars take place with the
great purpose of declaring an era of never-ending
harmony and wisdom.
Differing to expectations, wars are rarely replaced by
deadly and very tragic sequels. Promises arise,
disappointments, disappointments and disappointments
create a successful re-entry.
During World War I, Yehuda Amichai's father fought
for the Germans; The poet had to wage many wars for
the Jews for his people.
There is a very clear difference between their war and
his war. It is wise for a father to understand that all
human beings are loved in one way - to experience the
love of the Son through the eyes of the Father.
The poet could not accept that knowledge and foresight.
Such an understanding no longer provides a livelihood,
as the father’s knapsack is left in the mother’s cake.
Universal love has no place now because he went out to
fight for his people.
The poet did not develop the same awareness as the
father in the war he was waging. The father fought
against "his" to see the warriors fight separately.
I.B.Sc/B.C.A (1st Sem) English Conflations – I Ehthashamuddin J

In contrast, a son who fights for his own people must So that I shouted not die like them in dread,
have a different perception. The poet can never have the But love them, seeing them as once he saw.
knowledge of the patience that his ancestors had or pass He filled his eyes with them; he was mistaken.
it on to the subsequently creation. Like them, I must go out to meet my war."

2. What is the wisdom the father intends to pass on to

his son?
OR
Why is the wisdom imparted by the father “Quality means doing it right when no one is
unsustainable as the cake in the knapsack? looking.”
Ans: - The poem was composed by one of Israel's most
famous modern poets, Yehuda Amiachai. The father of
Yehuda Amichai, who begins this poem, served on
behalf of the Germans in World War I. Yehuda
Amiachai then volunteered to fight in World War II.
According to Amichai, wars mean his own, fighting for
his people like a Jew. The father believes that he will
give wisdom to his son, and that all human beings must
be loved in a way - that love that a son must experience
by seeing through his father cannot be obtained by that
son. Even if the mother keeps the cake in the father’s
knapsack, such an understanding will no longer provide
a livelihood. Universal love has no place now because he
went out to combat for his nation.

As the Poet Quotes

"Tranquilities, so few, which he had gleaned

Between the bombs and smoke, for his son's sake,
And put into his ragged knapsack with
The leftovers of my mother's hardening cake."

3. What is the son's perspective about war?

Ans: - All generation creation that goes to war thinks
that the next generation does not have to do it. However,
the wars the son goes through do not cultivate the same
awareness as the father. His father was able to do it
because he fought in someone else's (his) war, in which
he could see the warriors fighting alone against the
enemy. Now the son fighting in his own battle must have
a different perspective. The people on whose side they
fought, saw the war as theirs and thus could not achieve
the vision created by the father, so the son could not
develop such knowledge because he is now at war for his
own people. He can’t even give it to his own children.
His patience and worldview wisdom is dead, a network
loss to the nationalism of the people.

As the Poet Quotes

"He gathered with his eyes the nameless dead, The

many
dead for my sake unforsaken,

2 Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh M.A., M.ED., I.I.S.T

#116, T.K.A.R. Building, „G‟. Block, Champion Reef‟s (P.O), Kolar Gold Fields - 563117
Kolar District, Karnataka State. Mobile Number - 9738483214
 I.B.Sc/B.C.A (1st Sem) English
SUBJECT: ENGLISH
CHAPTER – 3
TOPIC: - THE WOLF
BY – Farooq Sarwar
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. SUMMARY
The story begins with the narrator explaining the fear of
the unknown. The author wants to make a house out of
wood. Try to stay there. Once a wolf stood at the bottom
and looked at him, threatening the author not to go
down.
The author was shocked to see a tree doing magic.
Because what he asked near a tree immediately fulfilled
the narrator’s wish. He eats food, TV. Etc. That tree
gives up everything while thinking about it. The desire to
be free instead of asking for their benefit that gives them
everything they asks for.
Here he wanted to get down from the tree and kill the
wolf. But his fear of the wolf was bigger than that. Just
then the wolf seemed to be running to catch him.
Immediately the tree gave him a house on the tree and
remembered the tree that fulfilled his wish and bought
that the wolf would kill him if God gave them to him.
Many years later the tree grew even bigger.
The wolf came so high and did not bother him. The
narrator has been very busy for the past few days,
forgetting that there is a wolf. All of his energy was the
same that night. If the wolf does not tolerate the bite, the
wolf will get stronger day by day and think it will be
hungry for many days.
One morning the narrator awoke suddenly with a kind of
sensation, as if someone was laughing and frightening.
The narrator calculates that the wolf has finally come
close. Buggy saw a wolf standing near a tree trunk, but
thought it was our luck to be ten years old. But every day
in a dream he was under the illusion that a wolf had
attacked him.
Although the wolf appears to be a hermit by nature, he
has an instant attacking nature. Once as a partner, he
looked like an attacker again. Don’t think about one’s
existence. After several discussions about its (wolf)
facial expressions the narrator and his companion decide
to jump down from the tree. The narrator's companion
first jumps out of the tree and the wolf comes forward.
By the time the wolf was looking at him he had hit the
wolf hard on the head with a tree branch. In a few
moments the wolf was dead. But the narrator thinks the
1 Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh M.A., M.ED., I.I.S.T
#116, T.K.A.R. Building, „G‟. Block, Champion Reef‟s (P.O), Kolar Gold Fields - 563117
Kolar District, Karnataka State. Mobile Number - 9738483214
Conflations – I Ehthashamuddin J
wolf went into the woods. It always tried to touch the
narrator, but the narrator alone did not dare to kill it. The
prematurely dead wolf fell under the tree. Immediately the
tree began to shrink.
The wolf grew as large as a bull in size. As soon as it
jumped the narrator's mind went silent. His colleague
suggested the narrator resign. It was like kicking an airbag
and combining courage; the narrator jumped down and
attacked the wolf. The wolf died before the narrator's eye.
The narrator finally became independent. But his partner
could not be found. There were innumerable trees around
him as he looked around. He saw every person in that tree.
Every tree looked sacred. What they saw from this was
that honest men are naturally afraid of wolf-like toys.
II. One or Two Sentences Each:
1. …………was standing below the tree?
Ans: - The wolf
2. What would the wolf do if the author got down from
the tree?
Ans: - If the author comes down from a tree, the wolf will
tear him to pieces.
3. Why is the tree magical?
Ans: - The tree is magical because all the desires of the
narrator are immediately pleased. If he thinks of a soft,
warm bed, he will find it in a flash next to him.
4. The author lacks
a) Happiness
b) Freedom
c) Vision
d) Ambition
Ans: - b) freedom
5. What does freedom demand?
Ans: - ‘Freedom needs its price’, which means he must go
down and kill the wolf, but do not dare.
6. The assumption of the poet about the wolf is
a) Wolf is weaker than the poet
b) Wolf can be engaged in a combat and defeated
c) Wolf is strong, so it cannot be defeated
d) Wolf and the poet are in equal terms
Ans: - c. Wolf is strong, so it cannot be defeated
7. How does the author take solace?
Ans: - The author is thankful by the thought that the tree is
tall, he is completely safe, and the wolf will not harm him
in any way.
I.B.Sc/B.C.A (1st Sem) English Conflations – I
8. Why is the night a suffering for the author?
Ans: - The night is a pain for the author because
nightmares make him difficult and he goes through hell.
9. What amazed the sight of the author one day?
Ans: - When the author woke up one morning, he
realized someone else was hiding the leaves and thought
it was a wolf. But he was shocked to see that he was a
man like himself.
10. What do the wolves do standing below the tree?
Ans: - Commonly wolves sit silently in their seats.
However habitually a nature of madness overwhelms
them, and they attack the tree, gnashing their teeth on its
large trunk and screaming loudly.
11. What is peculiar about the wolves?
Ans: - The wolf that comes with the author is only in
contact with him, and does not disturb his friends.
Likewise, the companion wolf is only related to him, and
does not disturb the story. Also, the wolves are not
related to each other.
12. How does the author's companion kill the wolf?
Ans: - The author's friends hit the wolf with a broken
twig from a tree. The wolf falls to the ground and dies
within minutes.
13. How does the friend gain his freedom?
Ans: - Through the freedom of his courage.
14. Why does the author sweat while sitting on the
tree?
Ans: - The wolf is still frustrated and always attacks the
trunk of a tree. The author thought that he would fall
from a tree or a tree if he continued. It makes the author
sweat in fear while sitting in a tree.
15. How does the companion urge the author to get
down from the tree?
Ans: - The Companion asks the author for words of
encouragement. The author said the wolf could do
nothing; the author is weak and can easily kill an animal.
16. The wolf is just an embodiment of ………..
Ans: - Fear of imagination.
17. Why is the author amazed at the end of the story?
Ans: - At the end of the story, the author wonder at the
innumerable trees around him. 'Man takes refuge in a
tree, and a wolf grows under each tree’.
III. Short Paragraph Each:
2 Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh M.A., M.ED., I.I.S.T
#116, T.K.A.R. Building, „G‟. Block, Champion Reef‟s (P.O), Kolar Gold Fields - 563117
Kolar District, Karnataka State. Mobile Number - 9738483214
Ehthashamuddin J
1. What were the facilities offered by the magical tree?
Ans: - From a magical point of view, the tree gave him all
kinds of comfort. When he thought of the soft warm bed,
the next moment he saw it lying by his side. When he got
bored, he had an amazing TV set in front of him with
stereo speakers and channels from all over the world. If he
craves any food, it will show up at any moment.
2. Why is the author grateful to God?
Ans: - From time to time the author remembered the time
when the wolf chased him and he came out with cold
sweat. He felt a strange feeling through his body, and his
heart sank. He found a tree to protect him and thanked
God.
3. How does the author and the man suffer on the tree?
Ans: - The author and the man were afraid that the wolves
would chase them. They have all kinds of facilities but are
not happy. Feelings of boredom and cruelty destroy him as
every day passes. He can't sleep at night. The moment he
closed his eyes, the frightening appearance of the wolf
troubled him. It also went into their dream, and they had
no peace.
4. What is the primary difference between the two men
on the tree?
Ans: - The author does not have the courage to jump into
a tree and confront the wolf. The man on the other side
jumped down. Before the wolf could bring him to the
ground, he attacked the animal with a small branch from a
tree. The wolf is killed. The author is even more upset that
the wolf gets bigger and stronger. This is the fundamental
difference between two people in a tree.
5. What are the signals that prompt the author to think
about his death? Is he right in thinking so? Elaborate.
Ans: - Numerous incidents marking the death of the
author began to unfold. Suddenly the tree began to walk,
and the wolf saw it lying in its place. He was shocked to
see the tree shrink a little. Scared, he began to fly through
the large branches of the tree in an attempt to stop it, but in
vain. Another scene scared him. The wolf is getting
bigger, and soon it is getting bigger like a bull. He began
to cry and ran up and down the tree, but found no relief.
He prepared himself for sudden death. He was right about
that. He soon had to overcome his fear of the wolf and
take life into his own hands, and his fear did not allow his
life to succeed.
6. What does the author eventually do and how does he
kill the wolf?
Ans: - In the end, the author came up with the courage and
jumped down. The wolf jumped on him right away.
I.B.Sc/B.C.A (1st Sem) English Conflations – I Ehthashamuddin J

Before he could kill him, the author beat him with a

small and delicate branch that had been torn from a tree.
The wolf reached the elephant ratio and fell to the
ground and died prior to his eyes.

7. How does the author react on gaining freedom?

Ans: - The author thinks freedom is a beautiful word. It's
an amusing reaction. The author exclaims with joy and
began to dance. After a while he began to thank his
friend, but he was not found. As an alternative, he was
shocked to see the countless trees around him, and every
tree was occupied by people and under every tree was a
wolf.

“The most common way people give up their

power is by thinking they don‟t have any.”

3 Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh M.A., M.ED., I.I.S.T

#116, T.K.A.R. Building, „G‟. Block, Champion Reef‟s (P.O), Kolar Gold Fields - 563117
Kolar District, Karnataka State. Mobile Number - 9738483214
 I.B.Sc/B.C.A (1st Sem) English
SUBJECT: ENGLISH
CHAPTER – 4
TOPIC: - LEAVING
BY – M. G. Vassanji
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ans: - The Mother says he should never marry a white
I. SUMMARY
'Living' is the story of a Tanzanian woman who loses her
husband at a young age and raises her five children. The
woman married the first two daughters and the mother
turned her attention to the other two young children so
that one son could get a good job. Aloo is a very young
girl, the last daughter (narrator), Aloo is a final year
school student and university student. The woman came
to a town called ‘Upanga' with her shop, paying more
attention to the children's education.
That place is worth reading. Provided a good
atmosphere. Teacher 'Mr. Datoo 'inspired Aloo to come
up with new ideas and further his education. But Aloo
has the courage to read in America. Matoson told Datoo
Aloo to read. He wrote to American universities and
collected the necessary information. He did not want her
to continue her education only at local agricultural
universities. Opportunity to study at California Technical
College with a scholarship. But his mother refused to
send him. She attributed it to her economy and her
relationship with her son. In a similar situation, Aloo's
mother, with the help of the school authorities, accepts
the suggestion and prepares to send her to another
paradise. The debt cannot be repaid.
II. One or Two Sentences Each:
1. Who is the narrator of the story?
Ans: - The woman's youngest son is the narrator of the
story.
2. Why did the family shift from Uhuru Street?
Ans: - Because the place is quiet and gives them a great
learning environment.
3. Why was Mr. Datoo given a tumultuous welcome?
Ans: - He came back from America for a visit and he
loved being with the boys.
4. What motivated Aloo to seek admission to an
American University?
Ans: - Aloo was inspired by Mr. Datoo's return from
America.
5. What advice did Mr. Velji give to the Mother?
1 Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh M.A., M.ED., I.I.S.T
#116, T.K.A.R. Building, „G‟. Block, Champion Reef‟s (P.O), Kolar Gold Fields - 563117
Kolar District, Karnataka State. Mobile Number - 9738483214
Conflations – I Ehthashamuddin J
Ans: - Mr. Velji said it was a good university and if he
sent his son he would be released.
6. What promise does the Mother take from Aloo?
woman in America.
7. What are Aloo's first impressions of London?
Ans: - The plane impresses with its view of London from
the lily tilde fields, the land neatly divided into green
squares; the mountains are also clean and fashionable.
III. Short Paragraph Each:
1. Describe the narrator's family.
Ans: - A woman marries her two eldest daughters
(Mehroon and Razia) and raises five children alone after
her husband dies. In Mehroon, a continuous forest, our
school team has settled in the city as a former starting
batsman. Razia is a wealthy housewife in the dar northern
coastal city of Tanga. When the eldest son found work in
the last school year, the mother focused on the two
younger children. Aloo is in her final academic year. The
mother hoped to get a good education. She sells the shop
and takes it to a subsidiary.
2. Why is Aloo not keen to pursue his studies at the
local university like his peers?
Ans: - Aloo shines extraordinarily in his school. Mr.
Datoo, an alumnus of the school, will return from the USA
for a visit. Mr. Datos is a boy's darling. She confuses him
after the American visit. For the next few days he would
tour the city like a luxury piper, followed by a group of
students. The miraculous event in Aloo not only enrolled
him at an American university, but also brought the
prospect of a scholarship to go there. Throughout the year
he writes for several universities and develops his names
from USIS books, often randomly or according to the
sound of his name.
3. Despite the obstacles he faced, how did Aloo succeed
in his dream of studying abroad?
Ans: - Aloo was in his last year of school. His mother
gave up all hope of getting a good education. She goes to
the shop sell link. This place is quiet and offers them a
great learning environment. After the return of Mr. Dato,
the former teacher encourages Aloo to continue his
education in the United States. He is studying medicine.
They start writing to get the information American
universities need. He was not interested in studying
agriculture at a local university. The Scholarship at the
California Institute of Technology.
I.B.Sc/B.C.A (1st Sem) English Conflations – I Ehthashamuddin J

However, for fear of losing him financially, his mother Ans: - This story will appeal to new and old generations.
would not allow him to accept the offer. Gradually, on In today’s automation world it is a very difficult task.
the advice of a school official, Aloo came up with the ‘Parental love, separation from loved ones, opportunities,
idea of letting the house go to another sky. sacrifice or selfishness, importance of education, fear of
the unknown, courage and strength to stand up for one’s
4. How does the Mother ensure that Aloo leaves for principles, determination to succeed in family, parental
further studies with a happy frame of mind? sacrifice for family, free transition to family and new
Ans: - A mother of five children who runs a shop in experiences.
Uhuru Street - raises five children after her husband
dies. Aloo's mother, who refused to marry for fear that
her next husband would take her children on board,
became a widow at the age of thirty - three. “Be willing to be a beginner every single
morning.”
She thinks about the sacrifices she will make for the
children in the future, closes the shop and moves to a
quieter part of town a great atmosphere for family study
a big change for her. She wants her children to be
educated she wants to do well. She fears that her
youngest son Aloo will go abroad for education and that
he will not return home and takes a European wife or
forgets her appearance. At the same time she has to go
home one day or be smart - kids, but hold on to them as
much as possible. Before sending the Aloo to the United
States, the mother asks the school's former administrator,
Mr. Velji. He advises her to send Aloo to America for
her bright future. The loving and caring little son takes
steps to continue his studies with a happy mind.

5. Aaloo promised to work his way through college to

repay the loan & to not let his mother down.
Comment on the mixed emotions of the mother.
Ans: - The youngest child in the family, Aloo, is in his
last school year. A good student who did well in school
exams. He was inspired by a former teacher who
returned to the United States with the idea of studying
abroad in the United States. He is not interested in
studying agriculture at a local university and writes at
universities to get the information he needs to study. He
is known for his medical studies and has received a
scholarship to study at the California Institute of
Technology. When his mother asked about education
and other expenses, he decided to work part-time while
studying.

At first his mother refused to send him abroad, she reads

him out of fear of losing him. Meanwhile, the former
principal of the school, Dr. Velji, is thinking about his
son's bright future. Finally, she decides to send her son
to the United States.

6. It is a story of generations new and old. Have you

experienced a similar situation regarding your career
options?

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 I.B.Sc/B.C.A (1st Sem) English Conflations – I Ehthashamuddin J
SUBJECT: ENGLISH Gary did not eat). Everyone appreciated the ‘ongu’ soup
CHAPTER – 5 made with Gary. But the narrator was given a bowl of rice
TOPIC: - REAL FOOD to eat in tomato sauce. Aunty Roza said why you are not
BY – Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie eating properly. "I do not eat swallows," replied the
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- narrator.
I. SUMMARY
II. One or Two Sentences Each:
The narrator in this text is about food, i.e. our traditional
food reflects our culture. ‘Garri’ claims that his Nigerian 1. What is garri?
staple food is inedible. Ans: - Garri is the staple food of Nigerians. It can be made
from corn, cassava and ghee. It takes the form of a smooth
Here the author tells of an experience she encountered paste.
when she was 9 years old. One day when she went to
school, as usual during lunch, Garri and Scoop were 2. What is the other name of garri? Why is it called so?
given lunch. With it is a large soft grain soup, which is Ans: - Garri is also known as a swallow because he or she
Nigerian food grain, the narrator does not like any form swallows soft lumps without chewing.
of this grain.
3. Why did the young girl always skip lunch before
It was scratching her throat. Garri also got the nickname school?
Swallow. Gary can't chew and eat. But foreigners ate it Ans: - The family always had Garri and soup. The author
cheap. The narrator hates Gary so much that he goes to had a sore throat while eating Garri, and she did not like
school without lunch. One day she noticed that her the soup served with garri. With that she skipped lunch.
mother had gone to school without eating and called her
back and forced Garri to eat in front of her. 4. The narrator's family had ………… for lunch on
Sundays.
The narrator's family eats Garinne for lunch every day. A i) garri ii) soup
variety of flavored soups were served with this Garri. iii) boiled eggs iv) rice and stew
But on Sunday afternoon the whole family eats rice, Ans: - iv) rice and stew
scoop, and salad.
5. What, according to the narrator, happened to her
On other days during the meal, the narrator's mother sits when she ate garri?
next to her and eats in front of the mother, thanking her, Ans: - Her throat clenched as she ate Garri.
dedicating herself, going out and vomiting on the floor.
Seeing this she sadly apologized to the narrator. The 6. Looking at the text, match the following:
reason for this she told her mother. She said she had no Garri - bitter leaf soup
meal for it. On Saturday she would wrap Gary in a piece Egusi - soup with beef
of paper and throw it in the trash. Onugbo - steamed pie
Okro - soup of ground melon seeds
A few years later the mother found out why her daughter Nsala - soup of sticky sauce
had not eaten ‘Garri’ and has been giving ‘yum’ to her Okpa - powdered cereal/foodstuff
meal ever since. The narrator ate dipped in palm oil or Ans: - Garri - powdered cereal/foodstuff
serving with a ship. Oh one of her favorite ingredients. Egusi - soup of ground melon seeds
But it didn’t get so easy because it wasn’t the material of Onugbo - bitter leaf soup
their country. There is a lot of demand for a woman Okro - soup of sticky sauce
selling by the side of the road. The narrator suffers from Nsala - soup with beef
not being able to eat the staple food grain of his country. Okpa - steamed pie
Another name for Garri is Swallowing. Her older brother
Gary was once criticized for failing to become Nigerian, 7. In the end, why does the narrator wish that she ate
egoistic and African citizens. garri?
Ans: - The narrator wants Garri to eat because Garri is a
One New Year's day when she (the narrator) was symbol of her culture.
thirteen, she went to her aunt's house for lunch. He
prepared a different kind of dish for the twins (since

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I.B.Sc/B.C.A (1st Sem) English Conflations – I Ehthashamuddin J

8. How could one tell from one's way of eating garri
that one was a foreigner?
Ans: - The Garri had to be swallowed slowly. A foreigner
will try to chew instead of swallowing the Garri.
III. Short Paragraph Each:
Food is with us as we grow and eat as children. By "real
food", the author means the essential food for Nigeria, the
Nigerian people love it, they lose it when they go abroad,
they crave all the food; their idea of a suitable diet.
Amongst the Nigerian people, real food refers to Garri.

1) Describe the circumstances which led the mother to

make food for her daughter separately.
Ans: - Garri is used for lunch on every working day. The
narrator would skip lunch and go to school on an empty
stomach because Garri could not eat. Her mother knew
this. One day she sat hard in front of her and convinced “You always have two choices: your
Garri to eat. She finished Garri and got up to say commitment versus your fear.”
"Mummy, thank you". But she had stepped out of the
carpet and onto the concrete floor, her stomach exhausted
and she throwing away everything she had eaten. Since
then, special food has been cooked for her.

2) Why does the narrator say that garri is important

for her people?
Ans: - Garri is the main Nigerian food. It is made from
corn, cassava or yams and is boiled, stirred or beaten on a
mortar until it becomes a soft mash. It defines Nigerian
food habits. This is especially important for people who
like the narrator. Her grandmother, who was no longer
alive, wanted to take her three times a day. Yum was
stunned by his brother's idea to take proper food. When
his father returned from a meeting in Paris, he said he had
missed a real meal. In Igbo, another word for swallow is
"food".

3) Why does the narrator's family call her a

foreigner?
Ans: - The narrator’s family all loved Garri. Garri is the
best food in Nigeria. It defined Nigerian culture. Garri's
another name is "food". When the narrator ate Garri, her
throat was scratched and she threw it away. Because she
did not eat Garri, she was not like the locals, and her
family said she was a foreigner.

4) Do you find any similarities between the food

culture of the narrator's family and yours? Note the
similarities and differences.
Ans: - Garri and the method of eating are similar to the
ragi mudde eaten in Karnataka. Then the soup can be
compared to the saaru eaten with a lump of millet.

5) Why does the author title the piece "Real Food"?

Ans: - The author describes awareness to the fact that
food is an important cultural symbol. It defines the
morality of a place.

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 I.B.Sc/B.C.A (1st Sem) English Conflations – I Ehthashamuddin J
SUBJECT: ENGLISH problems will be temporary for him. Influenced by his
CHAPTER – 6 father's words and principles, Kalam influenced his
TOPIC: - WINGS OF FIRE father's 60 year routine by getting up at four in the
BY – Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam morning and praying. The basic truths of the Father's
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- doctrine brought the power of God out of confusion.
I. SUMMARY Surprise, failure, all lifted up and guided to walk the path
of truth. Mental and physical intimacy allows him to walk
This section was written by Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam’s freely in his path with joy and peace of mind.
Autobiography with ‘Wings of Fire’ by Arun Tiwari. Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam worked with Arun Tiwari at the When Kalam was six years old, his father decided to study
Hyderabad Defense Research and Development philosophy in life. He was trying to build a small boat
Laboratory for over a decade. The book chronicles from Dhanushodi to Rameswaram. At first the business
Kalam's early life, childhood, the people who influenced went well. Unfortunately, a few days later, the boat
him, his family, the cultural and regional aspects of capsized due to a storm off the coast of Rameswaram. But
Kalam's life, and their insights into how they emerged my father was very calm. Thousands of passengers
from the early days of the struggle. It can be seen in the registered to hear that the Pampan Bridge had collapsed
past life moments of Rameswaram. and lost their lives as the bumpies moved.

Kalam was born into a middle class Tamil family in
Rameswaram, old Madras. His father Jainulabdeen was
highly educated but to no avail had an extraordinary
intellect which hid all the inconveniences and
shortcomings. Descendants of Kalam's mother
Ashiamma received the title 'Bahadur' from the British.
He is the son of a healthy physical father and mother.
Kalam is an old house built in the middle of the
nineteenth century, made of burnt bricks and stones on
Rameswaram Masjid Street. An emotionally and
purposefully secure childhood.
This is a holy place as the famous Shiva Temple is
located in Rameswaram. It took ten minutes to walk
from home. It is a Muslim occupied city. However, there
are some Hindu homes. He lived very emotionally with
Muslim families.
Lakshmana Shastri, a senior patron of the famous
Rameswaram temple, is close to Kalam's father. In one
of the various recollections of his childhood life, Kalam
said that while the two were discussing their traditional
dress and spiritual issues, there was nothing special
about the Father's prayer, and that the Father was praying
when there was no racial spirituality. A spiritual training
beyond physical property, age, caste and class.
Kalam's father Jainulabdeen needs a partner to claim
when he is alone with a man. Prayer comes to our aid as
a helper in expressing their dream pain and beliefs.
Defeats negative energy through worship prayer. Prayer
fills with energy even when problems are not solved.
Happiness and love must come from within rather than
from the outside. Once a person realizes this, any
The father made up for his loss very quickly. Yet he thinks
a lot about demolishing the bridge and the train
passengers. Compared to some, nature felt that this bridge
was a factor. Ahmed Jalaluddin has been a friend for
years. At the age of fifteen he was called Azad to discuss
spiritual matters. He did not doubt that Kalam was the
father of temple prayers. Even in the mosque, Jalaluddin
may have had a special relationship with God, and at this
point his study may have limitations and principles.
From time to time he would say that he needed to write
letters on those occasions and that the whole island would
come to him for someone who could only read and write
English. Jalaluddin always encouraged Kalam to read all
kinds of books, about the world of courage, about
scientific researchers and scholars, about contemporary
literature and those who have achieved in the field of
health.
Kalam Rameswaram joined the newspaper distributor
Shamshuddin as an assistant and received his first salary.
At the end of World War II in 1939, Kalam was eight
years old. For some reason the answer was never
understood. Suddenly the demand for sourdough seeds
increased in the market. Jalaluddin tells stories about the
war. On that occasion a state of emergency was imposed
on the state, forcing India to take part in the war.
Newspapers were thrown on the road to Rameswaram on
the train coming to Rameswaram. Kalam helps
Shamshuddin to collect and distribute these between
Rameswaram and Dhanushodi. Abdul Kalam learned
honesty and self-discipline from his father. He learned the
virtues of kindness and compassion from his mother.
Shamshuddin is also his colleague.

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I.B.Sc/B.C.A (1st Sem) English Conflations – I Ehthashamuddin J

Abdul is still under the influence of his science teachers. Ans: - When Jainulabdeen came out of the mosque after
His name was Shivasubramanian Iyer and he learned the prayer, various sects were sitting outside waiting for
from him to reduce social stigma. Iyer invited Kalam him. Many of them gave him water in a bowl and dipped
home for dinner. But the girl from the conservative lazy their fingers in prayer.
family refused to raise a Muslim boy. But Iyer raised his
hand to Kalam and sat next to Kalam and ate his own 7. Mention any two routine deeds Jainulabdeen did as
food. By doing so he, Kalam changed his mind to change he started his day.
his wife. Shamshuddin and Ahmed Jalaluddin went with Ans: - Praying before dawn, walking to the small coconut
Kalam and made arrangements to join Ramanathapuram grove, followed by breakfast.
Swartz High School and stay there.
8. What was Sethukkarai?
The atmosphere at Ramanathapuram Rameswaram, Ans: - This is a pilgrimage from Rameswaram
which has a population of about 50,000, is breathtaking. (Sethukkarai).
Kalam finds it difficult to join here and he never misses
an opportunity to go to Rameswaram. Kalam was sent to 9. When did Kalam confront the uncontrollable energy
Ramanathapuram for more opportunities. Kalam was of nature?
fascinated there, and so did his mother. For a South Ans: - When the Pamban Bridge collapsed with a train full
Indian dish called Boji, Amma prepares 12 dishes from of passengers, he encountered the uncontrolled forces of
its source. The taste of the dish varies from one ingredient nature.
to another. Kalam was remembered for making well-
matched materials. 10. Who was Ahmed Jalaluddin? How did he help
Jainulabdeen?
The experience, security and accommodation that Kalam Ans: - Ahmed Jalaluddin was fifteen years older than
had in Rameswaram were not found in Ramanathapuram. Kalam. He helped Jainulabdeen in the boat business.
Though his father had a strong goal to achieve his dream,
his mind was drawn to Rameswaram. Then the smart 11. Kalam had a great companion and guide in
high school dad holding hands is out of childhood. Jalaluddin. Give an instance to support this statement.
Ans: - Jalaluddin told Kalam about a 'brave, new world'
II. One or Two Sentences Each: beyond his narrow confines.

1. Where was Kalam born? 12. What were the topics of discussion between Kalam
Ans: - He was born into a middle class Tamil family on and Jalaluddin?
Rameswaram Island in the former state of Madras. Ans: - Spiritual Matters.

2. Who were Kalam's parents? 13. Who was Shamshuddin? How did he influence
Ans: - Father Jainulabdeen and mother Ashiamma. young Kalam?
Ans: - He was the one and only distributor of the
3. What did Kalam observe in his parents, as a newspaper at Rameswaram.
growing boy?
Ans: - Fundamental wisdom and true generosity of spirit. 14. What did newspapers of those days carry with
them?
4. "My austere father used to avoid all inessential Ans: - The Newspapers of the time were used to examine
comforts and luxuries." The word 'austere' suggests the current developments of the national independence
he was ……………. movement, for astrological reference or to check the price
a) Strict b) Handsome c) Angry of Gold in Madras.
Ans: - a) Strict
15. How did Kalam make his first earnings?
5. What made Rameswaram so sacred to pilgrims? Ans: - When Shamshuddin asked for help to catch the
Ans: - The famous Shiva temple. bundles, Kalam helped him and got his first income.

6. What did people wait for Jainulabdeen outside the 16. What was the impact of Second World War on the
mosque? quiet life of Rameswaram?

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I.B.Sc/B.C.A (1st Sem) English Conflations – I
Ans: - India was forced to join the Allied forces and a
state of emergency was declared. The first accident
occurred in the form of a train stop at Rameswaram
station.
17. Which was the most widely read newspaper in
Rameswaram?
Ans: - Dinamani.
18. What was so unique about Kalam's Science
teacher, Shivasubramanya iyer?
Ans: - An orthodox Brahmin with a very traditional wife
is a rebel. He did his part to overcome social barriers so
that people from different backgrounds could easily get
along.
19. Why did Kalam's father quote Khali Gibran?
Ans: - To encourage Kalam to go for higher education!
20. What was Jainulabdeen‟s dream for his son,
Kalam?
Ans: - To become a Collector.
III. Short Paragraph Each:
1. How did Kalam's parents influence his childhood?
Ans: - Abdul Kalam was born in 1931 in the island city
of Rameswaram. It was part of the state of Madras
during the British rule. He is a small child with simple
shapes. He and his family lived in their ancestral home,
built of limestone and brick in the mid-nineteenth
century. Rameswaram is a place of pilgrimage. The
famous Shiva Temple is located near his house. Their
area is predominantly Muslim. He lived on Mosque
Street, named after the old church. Both religions,
Hindus and Muslims lived in unity and peace as
neighbors. Pakshi Lakshman Shastri, the chief priest of
the temple, is very close to his father, they converse
religious matters.
Abdul Kalam's father Jainulabdeen was neither educated
nor rich. But he was very gentle. His mother Ashiamma
came from a very special family and one of his ancestors
was given the title ‘Bahadur’ by the British. She was
gentle, and she fed a lot of outsiders every day. He had a
physically and mentally safe childhood. Kalam’s father
was very religious. The essentials, though not large, are
food, medicine, and clothing well provided.
2. Jainulabdeen conveyed complex spiritual concepts
in very simple Tamil to Kalam. How did he do that
with reference to prayer ritual?
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Ehthashamuddin J
Ans: - As Kalam was old enough to ask questions, he
asked his father about the meaning of prayer. His father
had told him that he was not worried about prayer. Instead,
prayer activated a spirit community among the people. He
was told that differences in wealth, age, caste and religion
must be part of a universe beyond our unknown body.
Jainulabdeen can express complex spiritual ideas in simple
and fearful Tamil. He replied that man as a whole is a
special element of divine existence. So we should not be
afraid of harm, pain and problems. At critical times, it is
important to understand that depictions of sadness and
negativity always provide opportunities for inspiration.
We need to understand the difference between a vision
that threatens fate and a vision that allows us to find the
enemy to fulfill.
3. Why did Kalam consider Jainulabdeen and
Jalaluddin as his childhood icons?
Ans: - Jainulabdeen believed that when people were alone
or in trouble, they would seek organization, help, or relief.
All suffering, desires, pains and hopes find special helpers.
His father recognized himself - a helper. He believed that
with the help of prayer, worship and offerings, evil or self-
destructive forces could be defeated. But he knew with the
help of prayer that he could not solve everyday problems.
This kind of prayer created fear in the people. Fear
prevents one from fulfilling one's promise. If a person
knows this, setbacks and setbacks are temporary." Kalam
greatly influenced his father's philosophy. Abdul Kalam
was six years old when he decided to put his philosophy
into practice. Kalam learned from his parents a deep faith
in honesty, self-discipline, kindness and kindness.
When the Pampan Bridge collapsed during the storm,
Ahmed Jalaluddin became his bodyguard as a passenger
train passed by. Fifteen years older than Kalam, he was
called Azad. Every evening they go for a long walk
together. They talked about spiritual things. He never
doubted that the prayers in the temple had reached the
place of offering in our church. He wondered if Jalaluddin
had any special relationship with God. Jalaluddin’s
schooling was limited, mainly due to the difficult
circumstances of his family. By the way at the time he
spoke, he was the only person on the island who could
write English. They wrote letters to almost anyone, be it
application letters. Jalaluddin continuously negotiate to
Abdul Kalam about his studies, scientific discoveries,
contemporary literature and the achievements of medical
science. He knew a ‘brave, new world’ beyond our narrow
confines. He would often encourage Abdul Kalam to read
all kinds of books and go home to pick up books.
I.B.Sc/B.C.A (1st Sem) English Conflations – I Ehthashamuddin J

4. Samshuddin introduced the world to Kalam. High School. Kalam fell at home, so he used every
Ans: - Samshuddin was the second most influential opportunity for his own visit. It was his father’s dream to
person in Kalam's childhood. He is a newspaper see him as a winner in the Collector Infusion. This
distributor in Rameswaram. During World War II, when motivated him to work hard and fulfill his father's dream.
demand increased in 1939, he helped raise his own His father encouraged him by saying that raising him was
money in newspaper distribution. His first cousin part of it. ‘Our love will not bind you, nor will our needs
Samshuddin trained him in trade, labor organization and deter you,’ he promised.
economics, which is reflected in his later work. With all
his interests getting an update on the war through
pictures, Abdul is going to go in front of newspapers and
magazines and deliver his first cousin to customers. Due
to the emergency, the train stopped at Rameswaram and
newspapers and newspapers had to be removed from the
cities and trains. “Abandon anything about your life and habits
that might be holding you back. Learn to create
Here, Samshuddin Kalam gets engaged so he gets paid, your own opportunities.”
which is something he is proud of. He gave full credit to
Parliament. "The school work of Jalaluddin and
Samshuddin responds clearly and verbally. Abdul Kalam,
Wings of Fire".

5. How did Shivasubramania Iyer show his rebellious

side being an orthodox Brahmin?
Ans: - Shivasubramanya Iyer’s a very traditional wife
from a traditional Brahmin family, was its radiant soul.
He wants to unite the hierarchical community of
Rameshwaram beyond social barriers.

So, he invited Abdul Kalam to his house for dinner, but

his wife did not allow the Muslim boy to enter the
kitchen and Shivasubramanian Iyer did not care about it,
nor did he get angry with his wife, instead he worked
hand in hand with Abdul Kalam and he sat down to eat.
His wife looked at him from behind the kitchen door. He
wants to confront and destroy this uncomfortable
behavior of his wife and invites Abdul Kalam to dinner
next weekend.

This time the wife was not only cooking or cooking in

the kitchen, but was by his side, serving food with her
hands. This incident penetrates deep into him, he feels
weightless, free and equal, and sub-lies sprout inside
him. This purpose makes them successful members of
the team, which in turn contributes to their success.

6. Write note on Kalam's stint at Schwartz High

School.
Ans: - As soon as World War II, Gandhiji declared,
"Indians will create their own India", and that country
had strong expectations. Abdul Ramanathapuram left
Rameswaram and sought his father's permission to study
at the district headquarters. He went to Ramanathapuram
with Samshuddin and Jalaluddin to join Kalam at Swartz

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 I.B.Sc/B.C.A (1st Sem) English Conflations – I
SUBJECT: ENGLISH
CHAPTER – 7
TOPIC: - RELATIONS BETWEEN MEN AND
WOMEN
BY – Raja Ram Mohan Roy
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3. What has been denied to women from exhibiting
I. SUMMARY
This manuscript was written by Rajaram Mohan Roy. It
sheds light on the evil practices of the society like Sati
incest and gender discrimination mentioned in
Ramachandra Guha’s ‘Maker of Modern India’.
The present article exploits the attitude of self-inferiority
among women in a male-dominated society. Women
were determined not to qualify for higher education. The
authors despise the masculine society for not allowing
the natural potential to unfold in the woman. He decides
not to give the woman educational opportunities.
Second- she is exploited in spousal relationships.
Third, the loyal social woman has been continuously
exploited by more than ten percent in previous decades.
Men are greatly encouraged by their reading ability.
Claims about writing and management skills. He does
not want a copy of it from women and if he sees such
potential he will try to crush it and burn the talent.
That is what the poet says about wedding traditions. Two
or three marriages take place with or without the death of
the male wife. But woman does not have that freedom.
In addition, the man must commit suicide with him even
after death.
In some of the fifth aristocratic Brahmin families
married daughters had to stay in the father’s house.
Those daughters have to live in the care of father and
brother till the end, doing housework, looking after small
children, fulfilling family desires and satisfying them.
This is a kind of exploitation.
In the Kayastha Brahmin sect, wives always took water
for animal husbandry and berani preparation (for
cooking). If cows spend time on injury nursing, their
husbands will rob them to become rich. That is, they
leave their wives on the rich. The quarrel at the end, the
psychological violence is constant. The woman herself
seemed to have fallen into the flames of exploitation and
burned.
II. One or Two Sentences Each:
1. Who is the "you" in the text?
1 Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh M.A., M.ED., I.I.S.T
#116, T.K.A.R. Building, „G‟. Block, Champion Reef‟s (P.O), Kolar Gold Fields - 563117
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Ehthashamuddin J
Ans: - You refer to Men
2. Women are inferior to men in……. and ……………
Ans: - Strength and energy
their natural capacity?
Ans: - They were denied those wonderful qualifications
that they deserved by nature.
4. Who is deceived more often?
Ans: - Women in the village or town
5. What are the duties performed by women early in
the morning?
Ans: - Clean-up the place, tidying the dishes, washing the
floor, cooking day and night; serve food for their husband,
father, mother-in-law, sisters-in-law, and brother-in-law,
and friends.
6. Why are quarrels more common amongst Hindus?
Ans: - To their worldly affairs
7. When is a woman insulted by the husband and the
mother in law?
Ans: - When a woman makes a small mistake while
preparing or serving victuals, her husband and mother-in-
law punish her.
III. Short Paragraph Each:
1. Why can't women be considered inferior to men?
Ans: - Women are considered inferior to men in physical
strength and energy. Because of this male dominance,
society exploits and excludes women from the best
qualifications they deserve. That is not a justice. They
cannot be considered inferior because they are never given
the opportunity to express their natural potential. Can't be
accused of understanding. They cannot be considered
inferior to human beings until they have the opportunity to
excel in knowledge and wisdom. They should be given the
opportunity to prove their skill.
2. Comment on the female firmness of mind?
Ans: - Raja Ram Mohan Roy's extract from Ramachandra
Guha's ‘Makers of Modern India’ sheds light on disgusting
practices such as sati, caste system and gender
discrimination. With the firmness of her mind, she sets out
to burn with the corpses of her deceased husband and yet
she accuses him of lacking Resolution Point.
3. How is the misconception of women being unworthy
of trust promulgated by men?
I.B.Sc/B.C.A (1st Sem) English Conflations – I Ehthashamuddin J

Ans: - Like the misconception that women are unworthy
of the belief declared by men, the author talks about the
behavior of both sexes. The number of women cheated
on is ten times higher than betrayal by men. Men are
able to read, write and manage public affairs. Women are
portrayed as making mistakes in reading, writing and
managing public affairs. They never consider the
criminal misconduct of men. They suffer to burn
themselves.
women who depend on and torture him for all their
hardships, and that they should not be tied up and shot.
Not to mention the words of protest a woman can bravely
endure similar situations in her life. Thus, the author
describes centuries-old aging traditions. These traditions
still make their mark in modern India.

4. Are women subject to passion more than men?

How does Roy dispel this misconception? “Chains of habit are too light to be felt until they
Ans: - In the opinion of the author women are more are too heavy to be broken.”
passionate than men. This is explained by bringing out
the practice of marriage in relation to women. A man can
marry two or three, sometimes ten wives and more. On
the other hand, a woman can marry only once. That
woman was the desire of her husband’s death to leave all
worldly pleasures and follow him or lead the ascetic’s
hard life. Here the author responds to the objection to the
sati system and widow marriage.

5. Women are treated worse than inferior animals.

Elaborate.
Ans: - The desire of women to acquire virtuous
knowledge is considered unjust. The author comments
on how many times the Kulin Brahmins were married.
Many of these married women still depend on their
fathers and brothers and suffer from misery. They are not
given proper attention. After marriage, wives are treated
worse than inferior animals. These wives are hired only
to do housework from morning to night and to serve both
adults and young people in the family. If they do
something wrong, they will be humiliated. After all the
men in the family are self-satisfied, the women are
satisfied with what is left, whether they have enough or
not. They are not rich as far as Brahmins or Kayasthas
are concerned. Their wives are busy fetching water from
the river or tank, with the participation of the cows and
the preparation of the dung as fire. If something goes
wrong they will get harmful treatment.

6. What are the distressing situations that women

endure?
Ans: - To become rich, a woman's husband can commit
crimes. If her husband is poor, she faces all sorts of
problems, and when he is rich she is completely
heartbroken. These sufferings and sufferings, and only
their virtue can sustain themselves. When a husband
takes two or three wives to live with them, they are
subjected to mental turmoil and constant arguments. The
author laments that the man has no sympathy for the

2 Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh M.A., M.ED., I.I.S.T

#116, T.K.A.R. Building, „G‟. Block, Champion Reef‟s (P.O), Kolar Gold Fields - 563117
Kolar District, Karnataka State. Mobile Number - 9738483214
 I.B.Sc/B.C.A (1st Sem) English
SUBJECT: ENGLISH
CHAPTER – 8
TOPIC: - STAY HUNGRY, STAY FOOLISH
BY – Steve Jobs
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A few days later, Steve was diagnosed with cancer.
I. SUMMARY
Steve Jobs' 2008 lecture at Spanford University was
described as "stay hungry to stay foolish". They share
certain topics and events in life to give policy to college
students. Apple's co-founder explained why he left
college and that leaving college was a good job.
Seventeen years later he attended Reed College, Oregon.
He was only six months old. He says, His `biological
mother was a young college graduate student. She
decided to adopt him. She decided to adopt her son only
for college graduates. She prepared everything like that.
These are known as college graduates when they adopt
children after the baby is born. Eventually she refused to
sign the letters. A few months after my parents promised
to go to college, I regretted and adopted the baby.
Steve joined the college after 17 years. He chose an
expensive college like Ruswant's and spent his parents'
savings on college teachers. Six months later they could
not see its value. He did not know what to do with his
life. So he decided to leave college to save his parents'
money. Hope this works.
They have no place. Lie on the floor in a friend's room.
He returned the coke bottles for a 5% deposit to buy food
and went every 7 nights to the 7 mile Hare Krishna
Temple and had a good trip. They needed it. Reed
College mentions the best manuscript edition in the
country at that time. So I decided to study it. He studied
Sheriff and San Sheriff typewriters. I learned about
moving between different printing systems and how
amazing the art of printing is. It is so beautiful, it is
historically impossible to capture science as a very
artistic technique. They found it attractive.
Ten years later, when he invented the "Macintosh
computer", the manuscript was invaluable. So the
decision he made finally changed his life. He embodies
the philosophy of life. Through their efforts, Apple has
grown from a billion to 2 billion companies in a 10-year
period. But Apple stopped them there. Trust the person
you work with who you cheat on. He did not know then.
He did not cry. A light shone on him again. He knew
what he wanted. He resumed life. In just 5 years he
started a company called 'Next' and another company
called 'Pix', which was selected as the world's first
Conflations – I Ehthashamuddin J
computer animated film and the most successful studio in
the world. Apple (next) buys the company. Tab Apple
again.
Doctors said it was a rare cancer. His health did not
improve after treatment. Not afraid of death. Being one is
a life. He said it was for someone else, not for himself.
Think of someone else whose goal is not to live the life he
was told. No matter how hard life was, no matter the
problems, he never sat idle. Everything is gone. It shows
how confident he is. At a young age he had a large
publication. Its name is “Total Earth List: Its Operator
Wall Band. In the absence of computer development,
Nivart and his team released several titles. In one of his
publications, Stay Hunger mentions the ‘wid fool’ he has
always wanted in his life.
II. One or Two Sentences Each:
1. What was the occasion Steve jobs delivered the
address on?
Ans: - Apple co-founder Steve Jobs, known as Thomas
Edison of his time, wondered why he dropped out of
college in his inaugural address at Stanford University in
2005 and that it was one of the best things he had ever
done.
2. Jobs had to struggle without food many times. What
was his attitude to such devastating situations?
a. Pessimistic b. Optimistic c. Resigned
Ans: - b) optimistic
3. Who was his mother? What did she want to do with
her son?
Ans: - His biological mother was a young and unmarried
college graduate student who decided to adopt him.
4. What was her specification about the child's
adoption?
Ans: - She felt very strongly that the child should be
adopted only by college graduates.
5. Who adopted the child finally? Were they
graduates?
Ans: - The child was adopted by Paul Jobs and Clara
Hagopian. No, they were not graduates.
6. Why did Steve job's mother finally relent to sign the
adoption papers?
Ans: - She broke down to sign the adoption papers only
when her parents promised to send him to college.

1 Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh M.A., M.ED., I.I.S.T

#116, T.K.A.R. Building, „G‟. Block, Champion Reef‟s (P.O), Kolar Gold Fields - 563117
Kolar District, Karnataka State. Mobile Number - 9738483214
I.B.Sc/B.C.A (1st Sem) English Conflations – I
7. He was really happy to drop out of the college he
naively chose True/False.
Ans: - True
8. What would he do to get one good meal a weak?
Ans: - Every Sunday night he would walk 7 miles across
the city to get a good meal for a week at the Hare
Krishna Temple, which he loved.
9. After jobs was fired, he was:
a. Disheartened b. Pessimistic
c. Determined to re-begin d. None
Ans: - c) Determined to re-begin
10. Where did jobs apply his knowledge of
calligraphy?
Ans: - He used his knowledge of handwriting when
designing the first Macintosh computer.
11. Heaviness of being successful means
a. Success makes one arrogant
b. Success makes one complacent
c. Success stamps the motivation of being creative
d. All the above
Ans: - d) All the above
12. What was jobs diagnosed with?
Ans: - In October 2003, Jobs was diagnosed with cancer.
13. What did the doctors do when they viewed jobs
cells under a microscope? Why?
Ans: - After the scan the doctors told him that it was
definitely a type of cancer that could not be cured and
that he should not live more than three to six months.
14. Who according to jobs is a fool?
Ans: - A person who believes in deeds and makes no
attempt to change his destiny is a fool.
15. Remembering death makes a person ………… of
loss
a. Scared b. Fearful c. None
Ans: - c) Scared
16. What is the importance of listening to one's inner
voice, according to jobs?
Ans: - Listening to one's inner voice according to jobs
does not mean that the noise of other's opinions drowns
out our own seriousness and becomes entangled with
dogma - it lives on with the thinking results of others.
III. Short Paragraph Each:
2 Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh M.A., M.ED., I.I.S.T
#116, T.K.A.R. Building, „G‟. Block, Champion Reef‟s (P.O), Kolar Gold Fields - 563117
Kolar District, Karnataka State. Mobile Number - 9738483214
Ehthashamuddin J
1. Why did jobs leave the college?
Ans: - After 17 years, Jobs chose a college that was more
expensive than Stanford, and spent all of his working class
parents' savings on his college tuition. Six months later, he
could no longer see the value in it. So, he did not know
what to do with his life and did not know how college
would help him to find it. All the money that their parents
had saved their entire lives was spent here. So he decided
to leave college.
2. Why did jobs evince interest in calligraphy?
Ans: - The moment he leaves work, he can stop taking the
necessary classes he is not interested in and enjoy. Reed
College at the time provided some of the best manuscript
quotes in the country. Every poster and every label in
every drawer on campus is beautifully photographed by
hand.
Since he was out and did not need to take regular classes,
he decided to take a signature class to learn how to do it.
Sheriff and San Sheriff learned about typewriters,
switching spaces between different fonts, and what makes
typography better. It was beautiful, historical, artistically
modern, and could not understand science, to which he
was fascinated.
3. How did calligraphy help in designing Mac?
Ans: - In a while of 10 years, when Steve designed the
first Macintosh computer, it came back to him. He created
all of this on Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful
typography.
If he did not drop out of the same curriculum in college,
Mac would never have multiple typos or proportional
spacing fonts. Windows is now copied to Mac so they are
no longer on a personal computer. If he had never lost, he
would never have come to this signature class, and he
would not have had the excellent typography that he does
on personal computers.
4. Why does Jobs call the first story narrated as
'connecting the dots'? How does he do it?
Ans: - Job's describes the first story as 'connecting the
dots', because if he had never escaped, he would not have
fallen into this manuscript class, and personal computers
would not have had the excellent typography he makes. It
was impossible to connect the points he expected when
he was in college. But looking back ten years later it is
very clear.
Again, the expected backward points cannot be
connected; you can only connect with them by looking
back. So, trust that your future points will be connected in
I.B.Sc/B.C.A (1st Sem) English Conflations – I
some way. You have to trust your luck, life, deeds,
anything. This attitude never disappointed Job and it
made all the changes in his life.
5. Describe the story of love and loss in the second
story?
Ans: - Early in his life, Job discovered what he wanted
to do. He and his wife, Woz, started Apple in their
parents' garage when they were 20 years old. He worked
hard and in 10 years Apple has grown into a $ 2 billion
company. He published one of Macintosh's best works.
However, Steve is away from the company. He didn’t
really know what to do for a few months.
Then, he started the morning slowly, liking the work he
had done. The turn of events at Apple did not change a
bit, they decided to start. He taught that removing from
the apple is the best thing, because a successful
weightlifter can easily switch and learn a little more
about everything. Over the next five years, he started
another company called Pixar and he fell in love with a
wonderful woman who was his wife. Created the world's
first computer animated film Toy Story Pixar, now the
most successful animation studio in the world. In
significant cases, Apple acquired NeXt, and Steve
returned to Apple, and the technology he developed at
Next was central to Apple's current revival. He was sure
this would not have happened if it had not been removed
from Apple. Sometimes life hits the head with a brick.
Do not give up hope. What drives him forward is that he
loves what he does. The only way to do well is to love
what you do.
6. Why was jobs fired from the company?
Ans: - Once designing the first Macintosh computer,
Steve found what he needed in life. He and his wife,
Woz, started Apple in their parents' garage when they
were 20 years old. He worked at Ford, and within 10
years Apple had grown into a $ 2 billion company. He
published one of the best works of Macintosh. However,
the job varies from company to company.
How can they remove someone from the company they
started? As Apple grew, the companies they worked for
hired more talented people to run, the first year or so
things went right. But then their future visions began to
separate, and eventually they split up. The board of
directors also supported him. Thus the work was
completed in the 30s. Work is important in an adult’s
life, and it can be devastating.
7. "Passion for work is the key to success".
Substantiate.
3 Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh M.A., M.ED., I.I.S.T
#116, T.K.A.R. Building, „G‟. Block, Champion Reef‟s (P.O), Kolar Gold Fields - 563117
Kolar District, Karnataka State. Mobile Number - 9738483214
Ehthashamuddin J
Steve hasn’t stopped even after being fired from Apple,
and he still loves the work he does. Over the next five
years he started another company called Pixar, which
began producing the world's first computer animated
film, Toy Story, which is now the most successful
animation studio in the world. In a big way, Steve
returned to Apple after acquiring Apple Next, and the
technology he had developed was at the center of Apple's
current renaissance.
The responsibility to succeed easily transforms into a
beginner, not sure of everything. This set him free to
enter one of the most creative periods of Steve's life.
Curiosity stands alone in the qualities and abilities that
lead to success. Unlike ability, knowledge or other
factors, curiosity is natural: it cannot be learned or
achieved, but it will always be so. Fashion, the high drive
to achieve one’s goals, is an element that connects all
winners equally.
8. Explain job's concept of death?
Ans: - Job was diagnosed with cancer a year ago. Doctors
said he had a type of cancer that could not be cured and
should be expected to live for more than three to six
months. The doctor advised me to go home and bring my
belongings regularly, this is the doctor code that is
preparing me to die. However, he underwent surgery and
recovered.
This is the closest he can face to death. Job's death is a
myth: no one wants to die. Even people who want to go
to heaven do not want to die to go there. Yet death is a
destination shared by all. No one escaped from it. The
great creation of life and death. It's a life - changing
agent. It removes the old to make way for the new. While
this may seem dramatic, it is certainly true.
“Think of many things, do one.”