reduction in the production of sweat to stop / decrease, heat loss by evaporation ;

6(b) decrease / less, surface area to, conserve / retain heat 1

or
decrease / less, surface area so less heat lost ;

6(c)(i) any three from: 3

1 Sitatunga’s (core / body) temperature (fairly) constant ;
2 Nile monitor’s / lizard’s, (core / body) temperature rises as environmental temperature rises ;
3 figures for two animals at one temperature with units

Homeostasis WS 3
or
one animal at two temperatures with units ;
4 AVP ;

6(c)(ii) problem with, catching prey / feeding / avoiding predation ; 1

1 6(d) 1 ref. to set point / norm(al) / ideal value ; 3

9700/42 2 rise / fall / change / fluctuation Cambridge
; International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2021
3 reversed / corrected / counter-acted ; PUBLISHED
9700/42 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2021
Question PUBLISHED
Answer Marks
9700/42 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2021
2 Question PUBLISHED
Answer Marks1
6(a)(i)
9700/42 (glyco / lipo) protein ; Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2021
Question
6(a)(i) (glyco ;/ lipo) protein ; PUBLISHED
Answer Marks1
6(a)(ii) blood 1
Question
6(a)(i) (glyco ;/ lipo) protein ; Answer Marks1
6(a)(ii)
6(b) blood
glycogenolysis / described ; 1
2
6(a)(i)
6(a)(ii) (glyco
blood ;/ lipo) protein ; 1
1
3 6(b)
© UCLES 2021
glycogenolysis / described ;
gluconeogenesis / described ; e.g. glucose from, aminoPage acids
11 /offatty
16 acids
2
6(a)(ii)
6(b) blood ;
glycogenolysis / described ; ; e.g. glucose from, amino acids / fatty acids 1
2
6(c) gluconeogenesis / described
to reduce ingestion of food 1
6(b) glycogenolysis / described
or
gluconeogenesis / described ; 2
6(c) to reduce ingestion of food ; e.g. glucose from, amino acids / fatty acids 1
binds to receptor(s) in brain ;
or
4 6(c) gluconeogenesis
to reduce
binds ingestion
to receptor(s)
/ described
of
in food
brain ;
; e.g. glucose from, amino acids / fatty acids 1
6(d) any three
or from: 3
6(c) to reduce
binds ingestion of
to receptor(s) in food
brain ; 1
6(d) any three from: 3
or
1 change in a parameter ;
6(d) binds
any to receptor(s)
three from: in brain ; 3
1 change in a parameter ;
2 detected by receptor ;
5 6(d) any three
1 detected from:
change inby a receptor
parameter 3
2 ; ;
3 coordination / described ;
1 change
2 coordination in a parameter
detected by receptor ; ;;
3 / described
4 (corrective) action taken by effector ;
2 detected by receptor
3 ;
4 coordination / described
(corrective) action taken ;by effector ;
5 return to, set point / norm / optimum ;
3 coordination
4 return
(corrective) / described ; effector ;
5 to, setaction
point taken
/ normby / optimum ;
4
5 (corrective)
return to, setaction
point taken
/ normby effector ;;
/ optimum
9700/43 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2021
5 return to, set point / norm / optimum ; PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

6 2(a)(i) active transport ; 1

2(a)(ii) correct working ; e.g. 2

945.5
31 × 30.5 = 945.5 then
2870
© UCLES 2021 Page 14 of 22
or
© UCLES 2021 Page 14 of 22

2870 30.5
© UCLES 2021 = 92.58 then Page 14 of 22
31 92.58
© UCLES 2021 Page 14 of 22
32.94 / 32.9 / 33 ;

2(a)(iii) thermoregulation 1
or
maintaining (constant), body / core, temperature ; I regulation
9700/43 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2021
2(a)(iv) PUBLISHED
substrate-linked phosphorylation ; A substrate level phosphorylation 1
Question
2(b) rest (RQ of 0.8) Answer Marks4
1 a mix of respiratory substrates
7 6(c) any three
or from: 3
lipids and, carbohydrates / proteins, are being respired ;
1 change in a parameter ;
110 (RQ of 1.0)
2 respiratory
2 detected bysubstrate
receptor ;used is carbohydrate / carbohydrate respired (than at rest) ; A named carbohydrate e.g. glucose

3 coordination
200 (RQ of 1.2) / described ;
3 anaerobic respiration (also) occurring ;
4 (corrective) action taken by effector ;
4 reduced availability of oxygen
5 return to, set point / norm / optimum ;
or
increased, production / release of CO2 ;

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 9700/41 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2021
PUBLISHED
9700/41 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2021
Question PUBLISHED
Answer Marks

8 Question
1(a) Answer Marks4
description letter
1(a) 4
efferent blood vessel description letter
B;
efferent
part blood vessel
of nephron containing cells that respond to ADH F,BG; ;
part
part of
of nephron
nephron containing cells that
where podocyte cellsrespond to ADH
are located F,CG; ;

part of nephron
part of nephron containing
where podocyte cellsare
cells that arelocated
locatedin the medulla E,CG; ;
part of nephron containing cells that are located in the medulla E, G ;
1(b) any five from: 5
9 1(b) any
1 five from:/ basal membrane folds, increase / give large, surface area ;
microvilli 5

1 microvilli / basal membrane folds, increase / give large, surface area ;

2 for / many, (named) transport proteins ;
2 for / many, (named) transport proteins ;
3 Na+ / sodium ions, and, glucose / amino acids, move / co-transported, into cell (from filtrate / lumen) ;
3
4 Na++ //sodium
Na sodiumions,
ions,pumped
and, glucose / amino
/ move (out ofacids, move
cell) to, / co-transported,
blood / tissue fluid ; into cell (from filtrate / lumen) ;
4 Na+ / sodium ions, pumped / move (out of cell) to, blood / tissue fluid ;
5 ref. to active transport ;
5 ref. to active transport ;
6 many mitochondria, give / for, energy / ATP ;
6
7 many mitochondria,
tight junctions give / for,
and reason energy / ATP ;
; Cambridge
9700/41 International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2021
7 tight from:
junctions and reason ; PUBLISHED
1(c)(i) any two 2
Question
1(c)(i) any two from:potential (of blood) increases concentration of Answer Marks2
1 as water ADH (in the blood) decreases ;
10 9(a) any seven from
1 as water potential (of blood) increases concentration of ADH (in the blood) decreases ;
7
2 two ADH figures related to two % change in water potential figures ;
1 (H+) carrier / pump (protein), in cell surface membrane (of guard cell) ;
2 two ADH figures related to two % change in water potential figures ;
3 between 0% and (+)10% change in water potential, ADH (concentration), does not change / is constant / stays the
2 same / plateaus
hydrogen ;
ions / protons / H ions / H+, leave / exit (cell) ;
3 between 0% and (+)10% change in water potential, ADH (concentration), does not change / is constant / stays the
same / plateaus ;
3 using, energy / ATP ;
© UCLES 2021 Page 5 of 21
4 low H+ (in cell) / more negative charge (than outside) ;
© UCLES 2021 Page 5 of 21
5 K+ channel (proteins) open ;

6 K+, move into / enter, cell (by facilitated diffusion) ;

7 Cl – ions, move into / enter (cell) ;

8 water / solute, potential of cell decreases ;

9 water moves in (to cell) by osmosis ;

10 cell / vacuole, volume increases ;

11 (cells) are / become, turgid ;

12 thick inner cell wall (of guard cell) ;

9700/41 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2021
13 AVP ; PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

11 10(b) any six from: 6

1 maintain / keep / regulate, internal, environment / conditions ;

2 within, narrow / set, limits or around, optimum value / set point / norm ;

3 low (body) temperature and consequence ;

© UCLES 2021 Page 18 of 21
4 high (body) temperature and consequence ;

5 low blood glucose (concentration) and consequence ;

6 high blood glucose concentration and consequence ;

7 low, (blood) water potential / ψ, and consequence ;

8 high, (blood) water potential / ψ, and consequence ;

 9700/42 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2021
PUBLISHED
9700/42 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2021
Question PUBLISHED
9700/42 Cambridge International Answer
AS & A Level – Mark Scheme Marks
October/November 2021
Question PUBLISHED
Answer Marks4
12 1(a)
feature letter
Question
1(a) Answer Marks4
feature
glomerular filtrate letter
E;
1(a) 4
feature
glomerularmembrane
filtrate letter
E ;;
basement C
glomerularmembrane
basement filtrate E;
C
podocyte cells D ;;
basement
podocyte membrane
cells C
D ;
capillary endothelial cell A ;;
podocyte cells
capillary endothelial cell D
A ;;
1(b) any five from: 5
capillary endothelial cell A;
13 1(b) any five from:
1 afferent arteriole, (lumen) wider / has larger diameter, than efferent ;
5
1(b) any five from: 5
1 afferent arteriole, (lumen) wider / has larger diameter, than efferent ;
2 causes high, blood / hydrostatic, pressure in, glomerulus / capillaries ;
1 afferent arteriole, (lumen) wider / has larger diameter, than efferent ;
2 causes high, blood / hydrostatic, pressure in, glomerulus / capillaries ;
3 pores / gaps / fenestrations, in capillary endothelium ; I holes in cells
2 causes high, blood / hydrostatic, pressure in, glomerulus / capillaries ;
3 basement
4 pores / gaps / fenestrations,
membrane acts asin acapillary
filter / AW endothelium
; ; I holes in cells
3 pores / gaps / fenestrations, in capillary endothelium ; I holes in cells
4 basement membrane acts as a filter / AW ;
5 detail of podocytes ; e.g. finger-like structures / folds / slit pores
4 basement membrane acts as a filter / AW ;
5 detail of podocytes ; e.g. finger-like structures / folds / slit pores
6 correct ref. to passage of substances ; e.g. basement membrane stops, blood cells / large proteins / molecules above
5 RMM
detail 68 000–70 000
of podocytes or allows
; e.g. ureastructures
finger-like / glucose //amino
folds / acids / ions / water
slit pores
6 correct ref. to passage of substances ; e.g. basement membrane stops, blood cells / large proteins / molecules above
RMM 68 000–70 000 or allows urea / glucose / amino acids / ions / water
7
6 idea of network
correct of capillaries
ref. to passage ;
of substances ; e.g. basement membrane stops, blood cells / large proteins / molecules above
RMM 68 000–70 000 or allows urea / glucose / amino acids / ions / water
1(c)(i) 7 idea of
any two from:network of capillaries ; 2
1(c)(i) 7 idea from:
any two of network of capillaries ; 2
1 as (mean arterial blood) pressure increases the GFR increases, levels off and increases / AW ;
14 1(c)(i) any two from:
1 as (mean arterial blood) pressure increases the GFR increases, levels off and increases / AW ; 2
2 (plateau occurs) at 100 cm3 min–1 / between 10 and 20 kPa ;
1 as (mean arterial blood) pressure increases the GFR increases, levels off and increases / AW ;
2 (plateau occurs) at 100 cm3 min–1 / between 10 and 20 kPa ;
3 AVP ; e.g. plateau is normal or healthy value
9700/42 2 (plateau occurs) at 100 cm3 min Cambridge
–1 / between International
10 and 20AS kPa & ;A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2021
3 AVP ; e.g. plateau is normal or healthy value PUBLISHED
© UCLES 2021 3 AVP ; e.g. plateau is normal or healthy value Page 5 of 24
Question Answer Marks
© UCLES 2021 Page 5 of 24
1(c)(ii) any one from: 1
© UCLES 2021 Page 5 of 24
1 kidney, damage / disease / cancer ;

2 dehydration ;

3 low, blood / hydrostatic, pressure or blood loss ;

9700/42 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2021
4 AVP ; e.g. other (relevant) disease PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks
Question Answer Marks
15 9(a) any nine from: 9
2(a) any one from: 1
1 hypothalamus / osmoreceptors, detects changes in water potential of blood ;
1 industrialisation ;
2 (causes) posterior pituitary gland ;
2 transportation ;
3 (to) release ADH into blood ;
3 power stations ;
4 ADH binds to receptors ;
4 burning of fuels ;
5 on cell surface membrane of collecting duct (cells) ;

6 stimulates enzyme cascade / phosphorylase enzyme produced ;

7 vesicles, move towards / fuse with, cell surface membrane ;

8 (vesicles have) aquaporins ;

9 collecting duct, membranes / cells / walls, more permeable to water ;

10 water moves, down water potential gradient / by osmosis ;

11 into, (collecting duct) cells / tissue fluid / blood ;

12 water potential (of blood) returns to set point ;

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© UCLES 2021 Page 21 of 24

 9700/42 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2021
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

16 10(a) any seven from: 7

1 (dip stick) has immobilised enzymes ;

2 (dip stick) dipped in urine ; A person, urinates / AW, on stick

3 glucose oxidase and peroxidase ;

4 glucose reacts to give hydrogen peroxide ;

5 (hydrogen peroxide reacts with) colourless substance / chromogen ;

6 to give, colour change / coloured substance ;

9700/43 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2021
7 compare with colour chart ; PUBLISHED
Question 8 Answer
more glucose gives darker colour / colour intensity gives glucose quantity ; Marks

6(a)(i) idea
9 AVPof heat transfer
; e.g. from
doesn’t artery
give to veins
current blood; glucose concentration / not numerical / semi-quantitative 1

6(a)(ii) any one from: 1

vasodilation / description ; R capillaries / blood vessels move to skin surface

17
behavioural response ; e.g. dive down to cooler waters before surfacing for air

18 6(b)(i) any four from: 4

1 concentration of insulin (relatively) constant for all groups before being fed ;

2 (fasting dolphins) insulin concentration very little change ;

3 (fed dolphins) insulin concentration increases then decreases ;

4 (fed dolphins) for 11 g / kg dolphins steep, increase / decrease, in insulin concentration ;

5 (fed dolphins) for 11 g / kg dolphins high(est) peak in insulin concentration ;

© UCLES 2021 Page 23 of 24
6 data quote for mp3 or mp4 with time in min ;

3 kg 21 at 0 min 30 at 180 min 20 at 240 min

11 kg 10 at 0 min 79 at 90 min 18 at 480 min

6(b)(ii) 79 − 10 2
;
90

= 0.77 ;

© UCLES 2021 Page 14 of 22