D.Y.

Patil Education Society (Institution deemed to be university)

D.Y. Patil College of Nursing, Kolhapur

LESSON PLAN
ON
HYPERTENSION
Submitted to: Prof. Mr. Amos Talsandekar
Dept Of Medical Surgical Nursing

Submitted by:Mrs.Susmita Mark Dhanawade

M.Sc. (N) 1st year
Medical Surgical Nursing

Submitted on:
Programme : M.Sc. Nursing
Subject :Medical Surgical Nursing
Topic : Hypertension
Group : 2nd Year Bsc Nursing
Teaching method :Lecture cum discussion
A.V. Aids :Black board, projector, charts, flash cards
Student teacher : Mrs. Susmita Dhanawade
Guide :Mr. Amos Talsandekar
Evaluator : Mr. Amos Talsandekar
Venue : 2nd year B.Sc. (N) D Y Patil college of nursing
Date :
Time :

Previous Knowledge of the students:

Students may have some knowledge regarding hypertension.
.
General objective:
At the end of the class, students will be able to gain adequate knowledge regarding hypertension, its definition, aetiology,
clinical manifestation. This factors that the Physiology and management.
Specific Objectives:
At the end of this session, the student will be able to
Define hypertension.
Enumerate the ideological factors of hypertension.
At least the clinical manifestation of hypertension.
Explain about risk factors of hypertension.
Discuss in detail about the pathophysiology of hypertension.
Enlist diagnostic evaluation of hypertension.
Explain in detail about the management of hypertension.
Bibliography:
1. Smeltzer, S. C., Bare, B. G., Hinkle, J. L., & Cheever, K. H. (2010). Brunner and Suddath’s textbook of medical-
surgical nursing (12th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

2. Sommers m, Johnson s, beery t. DISEASES AND DISORDERS DISEASES AND DISORDERS A Nursing
Therapeutics Manual. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company; 2007.

3. Smeltzer, S. C., Bare, B. G., Hinkle, J. L., & Cheever, K. H. (2010). Brunner and Siddharth’s textbook of medical-
surgical nursing (10th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

4. Williams l, hopper p. Understanding medical surgical nursing. 5th ed. Philadelphia: f.a. Davis company; 2011.

5. Kasper, Braunwald, Fauci, Harrison’s principles of internal medicine. 16th ed. New Delhi: McGraw-Hill medical
publishing division; 2005
Sr.no. Time Specific Content Teacher’s Student’s AV aids Evaluation
Objectives Activity Activity
1. 2 Self - SELF INTRODUCTION Introducin Listening
g
min introduc Good morning, sir, good morning students myself
tion. Mrs. Susmita Dhanawade student of M.Sc. nursing 1st
year. As a part of my nursing education curriculum
today I m going to engage your class.
2. 3 Topic TOPIC INTRODUCTION Introdu Listening
min introduc Hypertension is the number one health related risk cing and
tion. factor in India, with the largest contribution to burden the answerin
topic. g
of disease and mortality. It contributes to an estimated
questions
1.6 million deaths annually in India, due to ischemic .
heart disease and stroke.Hypertension is a chronic,
persistent, largely asymptomatic disease. A majority
of the patients with hypertension in India are unaware
of their condition. This is because of low levels of
awareness and the lack of screening for hypertension
in adults -either as a systematic programme or as an
opportunistic exercise during visits to healthcare
providers.
3. 2 Define DEFINITION Explain Listening Roller
min hyperte The blood pressure more than 140 systolic and 90 ing. and board
nsion. diastolic is called as Hypertension. answerin
g
questions
Sr.no. Time Specific Content Teacher’s Student’s AV aids Evaluation
Objectives Activity Activity
4. 4 Enumer CAUSES Explain Listening pamphl
min ate the ing and et
causes  Overweight answerin
of g
hyperte  Enough exercise questions
nsion.
 Smoking

 Age

 Family history

 Kidney disease

 Diabetes

 Race

 Excessive alcohol intake

 Sedentary lifestyle

 Pregnancy
Sr.no. Time Specific Content Teacher’s Student’s AV aids Evaluation
Objectives Activity Activity
5. 3 Enlist CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS Explain Listening Hand
min the ing and outs
clinical  Sweating answerin
manifes g
tation of  Anxiety questions
hyperte
 Sleeping problems
nsion.
 Blushing

 Tachycardia

 Palpitation

6. 4 Explain RISK FACTORS Explain Listening PPT

min about ing and
the risk Age: Hypertension is more common in people who answerin
factors are more than 65 years of age. Blood pressure can g
of questions
hyperte increase steadily with age as the arteries stiffen and
nsion. narrow due to plaque build-up.

Ethnicity: Some ethnic groups are more prone to

hypertension than others. African Americans have a
higher risk than other ethnic groups,
Sr.no. Time Specific Content Teacher’s Student’s AV aids Evaluation
Objectives Activity Activity

Weight: Having obesity is a primary risk factor for

hypertension.

Alcohol and tobacco use: Regularly consuming large

quantities of alcohol or tobacco can increase blood
pressure.

Sex: Males have a higher risk of developing

hypertension than females. However, this is only until
after females reach menopause.

7. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
7 Discuss Explain Listening
min regardin INCREASED SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM ACTIVITY ing and
RELATED TO
g the DYSFUNCTION OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM answerin
pathoph g
ysiolog INCREASED RENAL REABSORPTION OF SODIUM, CHLORIDE, questions
y of AND WATER
Sr.no. Time Specific Content Teacher’s Student’s AV aids Evaluation
Objectives Activity Activity
hyperte RELATED TO A GENETIC VARIATION IN THE PATHWAYS BY
WHICH THE
nsion. KIDNEYS HANDLE SODIUM

INCREASED ACTIVITY OF THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-

ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM,
RESULTING IN EXPANSION OF EXTRACELLULAR FLUID
VOLUME AND
INCREASED SYSTEMIC VASCULAR RESISTANCE

DECREASED VASODILATION OF THE ARTERIOLES RELATED TO

DYSFUNCTIONOF THE VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM

RESISTANCE TO INSULIN ACTION, WHICH MAY BE A COMMON

FACTOR
LINKING HYPERTENSION, TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS,
HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA, OBESITY,
AND GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE

8. 5 Discuss DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION Explain Listening PPT

min about ing and
the History collection answerin
diagnos g
tic Family history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, questions
evaluati cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, or renal
on of
hyperte disease, smoking, stress, obesity or solitary lifestyle.
nsion.
Previous documentation of high blood pressure,
Sr.no. Time Specific Content Teacher’s Student’s AV aids Evaluation
Objectives Activity Activity
including age at onset, level of elevation and currently
prescribed medical regimen.

History of any disease or drama to target organs.

Psychological and environmental factors.

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

Physical assessment should include an accurate

determination of blood pressure as well as an elevation
of target organs.

Vital signs and weight.

Blood pressure – because blood pressure is variable

and can be affected by multiple factors, it should be
measured so that readings are representative of the
client’s usual level.

LABORATORY STUDIES
Sr.no. Time Specific Content Teacher’s Student’s AV aids Evaluation
Objectives Activity Activity
Includes a complete blood cell count, urine analysis,
determination of serum potassium and sodium level,
fasting blood glucose level, serum cholesterol level,
blood urea, nitrogen and serum creatinine level,
electrocardiogram.

9. 10 Explain MANAGEMENT Explain Listening PPT

min in detail ing and and
Hypertension has no any surgical management.
about answerin blackbo
the Management of hypertension is as follows. g ard
manage questions
NORMALIZING ARTERIAL PRESSURE.
ment of
hyperte Ultimate factors in evaluating whether the correct
nsion
choice of treatment regimen has been made are as
follows- the desired control blood pressure is reached,
treatment choices are tolerated and safe, and the client
is willing to commit to the regimen over the long term.

LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION
Sr.no. Time Specific Content Teacher’s Student’s AV aids Evaluation
Objectives Activity Activity
Lifestyle modification is also strongly encouraged as
adjunctive therapy for all clients with hypertension
who are receiving pharmacologic therapy, continued
healthy lifestyle practices, along with pharmacologic
therapy can reduce the number and dosage of
hypertension medications. Needed to manage the
condition.

WEIGHT REDUCTION
Weight reduction of as little as 10 pounds can lower
blood pressure up to 10 mm of Hg. Weight reduction
also enhances the effectiveness of antihypertensive
medications. Therefore, reassess the clients blood
pressure during weight loss and make appropriate
changes in pharmacological interventions as needed.

SODIUM RESTRICTIONS.
Sr.no. Time Specific Content Teacher’s Student’s AV aids Evaluation
Objectives Activity Activity
Most hypertensive people are sensitive to sodium
showing rises in BP after sodium intake. Therefore, a
moderate restriction of sodium intake 2 or 3 grams of
sodium can be used to lower blood pressure.

EXERCISE.
Regular program of aerobic exercise adequate to
achieve at least a moderate level of physical fitness
facilitates cardiovascular conditioning and helps to
decrease the blood pressure.

ALCOHOL RESTRICTION.
Carefully assess. I’ll call intake. Advise client. Who
do drink alcohol to do so in moderation?

SMOKING RESTRICTION.
Smoking suggestion is strongly recommended.
However, to reduce the client’s risk for cancer,
Sr.no. Time Specific Content Teacher’s Student’s AV aids Evaluation
Objectives Activity Activity
pulmonary disease in cardiovascular disease and to
reduce hypertension.

NURSING MANAGEMENT
 Advise patient to change his lifestyle.

 Advice patient to reduce his weight.

 Advice patient to reduce the salt intake in his

day-to-day life.

 Advice patient to do dietary fat modification.

 Explain the advantages of exercise and advice

to do it regularly.

 If patient is alcoholic. Advise him to do so in

moderation.

 Educate the patient regarding relaxation

techniques.
Sr.no. Time Specific Content Teacher’s Student’s AV aids Evaluation
Objectives Activity Activity
 If patient is cigarette smoker, advise him to stop
it.

 Advise patient to take his antihypertensive

medications regularly and not to skip it.

10. 3 min SUMMARY Summa Listening PPT

rizing
I would like to summarize my topic. So today in this
topic, we have studied about hypertension, its
definition, etiology, clinical manifestations. risk
factors, pathophysiology and management.
11. 2 min CONCLUSION Conclu Listening PPT
ding
I would like to conclude my topic. So today we have the
learned about hypertension. I hope this topic will be topic.

very helpful to you in your academic as well as in the

clinical sectors.

1) ASSIGNMENT:Explain about the dietary modification you will do for the patient of hypertension.