LESSON 1: MEANING AND DOING PHILOSOPHY

ACTIVITY #1

 The boat is sinking: 2 Groups

 Write any words/ concepts that you think are related to Philosophy.

CONTENT STANDARD

- Understands the meaning and process of Philosophy.

PERFORMANCE STANDARD

- The learner reflects on a concrete experience in a philosophical way.

HISTORY (WEST PHILOSOPHY)

THALES------PHILOSOPHY--------- SOCRATES

- First one to ask philosophical - famously remembered as the “Father of Philosophy”

questions. “What is the basic - his philosophical questions centers on life
Stuff of the universe?” - invented the philosophical ethics
- “First Father of Philosophy” - influence the Socratic Method

PHILOSOPHY

- Coined by Pythagoras
- PHILO: love
- SOPHIA: wisdom
- PHILOSOPHER: lover of wisdom

WISDOM

- Not just the application of knowledge but its dealing with principle of things, the first cause of all
things, the understanding on the meaning of one’s existence, and the importance of the things
around us.

EX.

T: What are you thinking?

S: Nothing

T: Why are you thinking nothing? How come that you are thinking when you are thinking about
nothing?

S: I don’t know.

T: Do you understand the cause of your thinking? Why and how we’re thinking.

 Philosophy basically wonders our existence, value, and everything about us.
Philosophy is the Mother of Science. (Philosophy is a natural light to reason.)
 Philosophy is a super subject, it covers everything in human knowledge.
 PRINCIPLES OF PHILOSOPHY
A. PRINCIPLE OF IDENTITY- everything has an identity, if it’s a being, it’s a being; if not being
it’s not a being.
B. PRINCIPLE OF NON-CONTRADICTION- impossible to be and not to be at the same time.
(Human or not human)
C. PRINCIPLE OF EXCLUDED MIDDLE- either exist or not exist, no middle ground.
D. PRINCIPLE OF SUFFICIENT REASON- nothing exist without a sufficient reason for its being/
existence.

- everything has its meaning and purpose.

GOAL OF PHILOSOPHY: AUTONOMY

- Freedom of being able to decide for yourself and what you believe in by using your reasoning
abilities.
- Does it mean that we don’t listen to our parents, religion, government, and friends?
- Being autonomous doesn’t mean we’re arrogant, they can still be an influence on our decisions
but you personally through critical thinking have reached to that belief/ decision.
- Not rebels and not robots, free from control/ dictate.

PERSPECTIVES: HOLISTIC AND PARTIAL

HOLISTIC PERSPECTIVE (rational)

- Also known as holism

- “holos”: all, entire, totality
- Looks at all aspects of the given problem/ situation
- All aspects are given importance when making conclusions. In order to form a general view of
the situation.

Ex: In court, the judge listens and analyze the stories of the victim and the suspect before he/she
gives a verdict.

PARTIAL PERSPECTIVE (emotional)

- A way/ method one sees or perceive the reality

- Looks at only a limited number of aspects of the given situation

MORAL DILEMMA

- To compare and contrast the two perspectives

Ex: Shutdown of ABS-CBN

Assignment:

 Read Plato’s Allegory of the Cave.