Nama: Nadia Rahmadani

Nim:P07534023077
Kelas:1B
Lecture 5
Concepts of Health and Wellness
This section introduces health and wellness through American and Canadian cultural
perspectives. It includes two reading selections, each followed by reading exercises and by
speaking, listening, and writing exercises designed to improve your communication skills.

Reading Selection 1-1

Read the following in its entirety. Many words may be new to you. The exercises that follow
will help you learn their meaning

PERSPECTIVES ON HEALTH CARE IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM

In the United States of America and in Canada, perspectives on health care have
changed over the last 30 years. Today, the public sees itself as a consumer of healthcare
services and products. This means that when individuals seek advice or treatment, they often
come well- informed about their health issues and needs. Today’s patient expects to be
treated as an intelligent, competent person by the doctor, nurse, and other health-care
professionals. No longer is the patient a passive receiver of health care. The new patient
comes with information, education, and an inquiring mind.
Professionally, today’s view of health care is concerned with health promotion and
disease prevention. It is no longer disease-focused or cure-focused. Health care is concerned
with quality of life. In this new perspective, it extends beyond health challenges and basic
medical care to lifestyle adaptations to ensure optimal health. Healthy living programs in
schools, businesses, and community agencies are an example of health promotion initiatives.
Health-care professionals and governments at all levels collaborate with communities and
patients/health-care consumers not only to promote health but also to provide the best health
care possible.

READING EXERCISES
The following reading exercises challenge your ability to understand the general meaning of
the selection, to learn new vocabulary and be able to expand on it, and to use new words in
sentences.
Understanding the General Meaning
Read the text again. Think about it. Do you understand it? What is the general meaning of the
text? What is its focus?

The general meaning of the text is perspective on healthcare in the new millenium. Today’s
view of health care is concerned with health promotion and disease prevention. It is no longer
disease-focused or cure-focused. Health care is concerned with quality of life.

Building Vocabulary
Take a moment now to review what you have just read. Circle any words that are new to you.
Write them down here. In a moment, you may see them again in exercises that will help you
understand their meaning. If not, at the end of this section, feel free to use your dictionary.
Healthcare
Doctor
Nurse
Health-care professional
Disease
Patient
Advice
Cure
Determining Meaning from Context. To build vocabulary, study the following words or
terms taken from this text. Discover all you can about them by looking at them in context.
Choose the correct meaning. Finally, take a look at how these words or terms expand in
English.
1. Lifestyle (adjective; noun, singular)
In Context:
a) He lives a busy lifestyle. He works long days and parties all night.
b) A healthy lifestyle includes a balance between work, rest, play, and diet
c) Lifestyle adaptations are often necessary to ensure health and wellness.
Meaning: Lifestyle can best be described as
a) way of life
b) good or bad
c) alive or dead
d) what style or fashion of food or clothes you like
Word Expansion:
a) Nurse Wong’s lifestyle is very different from her colleagues. She likes to work
nights and sleep all day. (noun)
b) I would prefer a leisurely lifestyle; however, I have to work. (noun)
c) I would prefer to style my life after Mother Teresa—work hard, be dedicated, and
really, really help people. (conditional (would prefer) + verb, infinitive (style) +
noun (life) combine as a verb phrase)
d) The nurse suggested lifestyle adaptations to the client to help control his newly
diagnosed diabetes. (adjective)

2. Consumer (noun)
In context:
a) She buys her food at the grocery store. She is a regular consumer there.
b) Sometimes I think I am a consumer of information. I can’t get enough.
Meaning: The term consumer can best be described as
a) when your nose is plugged
b) a customer, client, or patient
c) a person who purchases, uses, or eats a
product d) both (b) and (c)
Word expansion:
a) He was so hungry; he consumed all the food in the house. (verb, past tense)
b) She cannot think. She is consumed by pain. (verb, present tense continuous)
c) They have a consummate relationship. It’s perfect. (adjective)
d) I am guilty of consuming too much junk food. (gerund, present participle used as a
noun)
e) He is a careful consumer, always checking the quality and prices of what he
purchases. (noun)

3. Issue (noun, verb)

In context:
a) Today’s health issues include contraception and antibiotic-resistant organisms.
b) Students love to debate political issues.
Meaning: The word issues can best be described as
meaning a) the main topics, results, or points of interest in a
subject
b) things you sneeze into
c) giving
 d) none of the above
Word expansion:
a) I hope they will issue my working visa for Canada. (verb, future tense)
b) The computer is issuing your results right now. Please wait. (verb, present tense
continuous)
c) They issued my driver’s license in 1992. (verb, past tense)
d) Issuance of a passport requires your birth certificate and other identification.
(noun, singular)
e) The nurse had many issues she wanted to discuss with her supervisor. (noun, plural)

4. Needs (noun, verb)

In context:
a) A person’s primary needs include food, clothing, and shelter.
b) What are your patient’s needs right now? Treatment or rest?
c) He needs to find a way to pay off his debts.
Meaning: Needs can best be described as
meaning a) something you want
b) something you require
c) lack of food and water
d) desire
Word expansion
a) Jack is emotionally needy. He follows his girlfriend around like a puppy dog.
(adjective)
b) I need a vacation. No, not really. I just want one. (verb, present tense)
c) Do you donate money to the needy? (noun)
d) There are many needy people in the world. (adjective)

5. Passive receiver (noun, verb)

In context:
a) Why doesn’t she complain about her treatment instead of just passively receiving it?
b) She is so compliant. She accepts everything. She really is a passive receiver of
her life.
Meaning: The term passive receiver can best be described as
a) outspoken
b) submissive and acted upon
c) disinterested and apathetic
d) unconscious
Word expansion:
a) In some countries, nurses are the passive receivers of physicians’ orders. In the
United States and in Canada, nurses have a responsibility to question orders if they
think they are wrong. (noun)
b) How can you sit there and passively receive the insults of that person? (adverb
[passively] + verb present tense [receive])
c) Passive reception requires the ability to be submissive and just allow things to
happen to you. (term, adjective + noun, combined)

6. Health promotion (noun [identifying a concept]; adjective)

In context:
a) Nurses are always involved in health promotion in the community.
 b) The government sponsors health promotion by advertising healthy lifestyle
choices on TV.
Meaning: The term/concept health promotion can best be understood as meaning
a) an activity that only doctors do
b) teaching and providing information about healthy living
c) a TV advertisement campaign
d) when you are healthy
Word expansion:
a) I am promoting health each time I teach a patient about healthy eating. (verb,
present tense, continuous + object of verb)
b) How do you promote health with your patients? (verb, present tense + noun )
c) The community has begun to sponsor many health promotion meetings and
activities. (adjective + noun form term)
d) Community officials and health-care professionals joined in planning activities for
health promotion. (noun)

7. Prevention (noun, adjective)

In context:
a) Prevention of starvation is a priority for the World Health Organization.
b) Disaster prevention is the concern of environmentalists and politicians.
Meaning: Prevention can best be described as
a) gathering knowledge about a subject
b) inoculation
c) taking positive action to avoid a terrible illness or situation from occurring
d) taking political action by blockading or marching
Word expansion:
a) The city of Vancouver, British Columbia, hopes to prevent a bridge disaster if an
earthquake should occur. They have ordered structural repairs to all bridges. (verb,
infinitive)
b) Can measles be prevented? (verb, past tense)
c) Preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS is a global issue. (gerund, present participle
used as a noun)

8. Disease (noun)
In context:
a) The disease of polio has been eradicated in North America.
b) Do you suffer from a disease?
Meaning: The word disease can best be described as
a) pathological change in organs or tissues revealed by particular signs and symptoms
b) an illness that last only 3 days
c) something only children and old people get
d) a condition that is always curable
Word expansion:
a) We wanted to save the ovaries, but they were too diseased. We removed them.
(adjective)
b) Some diseases are infectious; others are not. (noun, plural)

9. Cure (noun)
In context:
a) Canadians Drs. Banting and Best didn’t find the cure for diabetes; they found a
treatment that saved many people’s lives.
 b) There is no cure for the common cold.
Meaning: The noun cure can best be described
as a) treating the symptoms of a disease
b) a particular method of treatment designed to restore health
c) remission
d) none of the above
Word expansion:
a) If a doctor could restore health to 100%, she could say she cured the patient.
(verb, past tense)
b) Bob had prostate cancer but says he is now cured. (adjective)
c) Scientists are interested in curing AIDS as well as preventing it. (gerund, present
participle used as noun)
d) Some herbs have curative factors. (adjective)
e) Some diseases, such as Huntington’s disease, are incurable. (adjective)

10. Collaborate (verb)

In context:
a) It is important for the nurse and doctor to collaborate on a plan of care for the patient.
b) If we collaborate, we can get this job done quickly.
Meaning: The word collaborate can best be described as
a) being efficient
b) being responsible
c) taking turns
d) working together and planning together
Word expansion:
a) The multidisciplinary health-care team worked in collaboration to help the
patient through rehabilitation. (noun, object of preposition “in”)
b) The hospital is collaborating with Social Services to ensure the rights of the
child are protected. (verb, present tense, continuous)
c) Luckily, the insurance company collaborated with us and paid the medical bills for
Joe. (verb, past tense)
d) The health-care team used a collaborative approach to the patient’s care and he
improved quickly. (adjective)

Using New Words in Sentences. Use a key word from the previous exercise to create
a new sentence.
1. Bob smokes cigarettes which contain a lot of nicotine. Nicotine is a very
addictive drug, which is why it’s so hard for people to quit smoking, even when
they know the harmful effects of smoking. (Bob, addictive)
2. Unless you are a nurse practitioner, nurses do not prescribe medication or make
diagnoses, but they do carry out physicians’ orders for administering medication
and other items on a patient’s care plan. (nurses, not)
3. The government sponsors health promotion by advertising healthy lifestyle
choices on TV. (promotion)
4. Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation
that presents a risk to health. A body mass index (BMI) over 25 is considered
overweight, and over 30 is obese. (overweight, excessive)
5. Unhealthy Lifestyle of the Youth. (unhealthy, youth)
6. Health care also accounts for 11 percent of the median family’s expenses, and it
consistently ranks as one of voters’ most important political issues. (political,
health care)

LISTENING EXERCISE
If you would like to hear more native English speakers from Canada and the United
States, search the Internet for radio stations located there. Many radio stations have
programs dedicated to the subject of health and wellness. Try to find one. Listen
carefully by Internet or radio to hear many of the words you have just learned.