Keywords:

• Self-Efficacy = SE
• Observational Learning = OL
• Outcome Expectation = OE
• Perceived Ease of Use = PEoU
• Perceived Usefulness = PU
• Intention to Use = IU
• Perceived Cost = PC
• Entrepreneurial Opportunity Recognition = EOR

Factor Loadings

Items Loadings Items Loadings

SE1 0.78 PEoU2 0.82
SE2 0.86 PEoU3 0.8
SE3 0.88 PEoU4 0.79
SE4 0.78 PEoU5 0.81
OL1 0.67 PEoU6 0.8
OL2 0.74 PEoU7 0.83
OL3 0.75 IU1 0.89
OL4 0.61 IU2 0.89
OL5 0.71 IU3 0.89
OL6 0.68 IU4 0.91
OE1 0.89 PC1 0.62
OE2 0.9 PC2 0.73
OE3 0.91 PC3 0.84
PU1 0.83 PC4 0.77
PU2 0.87 EOR1 0.82
PU3 0.87 EOR2 0.91
PU4 0.88 EOR3 0.87
PU5 0.87 EOR4 0.86
PU6 0.87 EOR5 0.78
PEoU1 0.8
Model Fit

Degrees of freedom 726

P-value (Chi-square) 0.00
Comparative Fit Index (CFI) 0.903
Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) 0.893
SRMR 0.067
RSMEA 0.061

Reliability

SE OL OE PU PEoU IU PC EOR
Alpha 0.84 0.79 0.90 0.93 0.91 0.92 0.75 0.90

Omega 0.85 0.79 0.90 0.93 0.91 0.92 0.74 0.90

AVE 0.58 0.40 0.70 0.69 0.59 0.73 0.42 0.66

HTMT

SE OL OE PU PEoU IU PC EOR
SE -
OL 0.446 -
OE 0.654 0.429 -
PU 0.668 0.389 0.9 -
PEoU 0.764 0.484 0.692 0.73 -
IU 0.682 0.424 0.846 0.82 0.733 -
PC 0.282 0.338 0.444 0.428 0.426 0.499 -
EOR 0.364 0.394 0.396 0.394 0.445 0.43 0.286 -

R-Square
PU 0.845
PEoU 0.641
IU 0.725
EOR 0.154
Structural Model

Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all

SE ---->PEoU 1.2 0.134 8.969 0 0.72 0.72
OL ---->PEoU 0.263 0.094 2.793 0.005 0.158 0.158
OE ---->PU 1.952 0.214 9.137 0 0.77 0.77
PEoU ---->PU 0.353 0.071 4.948 0 0.232 0.232
PEoU ---->IU 0.327 0.069 4.704 0 0.28 0.28
PU ---->IU 0.494 0.064 7.679 0 0.646 0.646
IU ---->EOR 0.229 0.042 5.4 0 0.393 0.393
IU*PC ---->EOR 0.156 0.083 1.882 0.06 0.138 0.138
RStudio Code:
library(lavaan)
library(semPlot)
library(tidyverse)
library(semTools)

#Measurement Model
MM <- 'SE =~ SE1 + SE2 + SE3 + SE4
OL =~ OL1 + OL2 + OL3 + OL4 + OL5 + OL6
OE =~ OE1 + OE2 + OE3 + OE4
PU =~ PU1 + PU2 + PU3 + PU4 + PU5 + PU6
PEoU =~ PEoU1 + PEoU2 + PEoU3 + PEoU4 + PEoU5 + PEoU6 + PEoU7
IU =~ IU1 + IU2 + IU3 + IU4
PC =~ PC1 + PC2 + PC3 + PC4
EOR =~ EOR1 + EOR2 + EOR3 + EOR4 + EOR5'

#Structural Model
SM <- '
# Regression coefficients
PU ~ PEoU
IU ~ PEoU + PU
EOR ~ IU
# Direct effects
PEoU ~ SE + OL
PU ~ OE
# Interaction effect with moderation
EOR ~ IU * PC
 # Residual variances
PEoU =~ PEoU1 + PEoU2 + PEoU3 + PEoU4 + PEoU5 + PEoU6 + PEoU7
IU =~ IU1 + IU2 + IU3 + IU4
PU =~ PU1 + PU2 + PU3 + PU4 + PU5 + PU6
SE =~ SE1 + SE2 + SE3 + SE4
OL =~ OL1 + OL2 + OL3 + OL4 + OL5 + OL6
OE =~ OE1 + OE2 + OE3 + OE4
PC =~ PC1 + PC2 + PC3 + PC4
EOR =~ EOR1 + EOR2 + EOR3 + EOR4 + EOR5
'

# Fit the model

fit <- sem(SM, data = Book1, std.ov=TRUE, std.lv=TRUE)
summary(fit, fit.measures = T, standardized = T, rsq = T)

#Confirmatory Factor Analysis

CFA <- cfa(MM, data = Book1, std.lv = TRUE)
summary(CFA, fit.measures = TRUE, standardized = T)

#Reliability
reliability(CFA)

#Factor Loading
inspect(fit,what="std")$lambda

#HTMT
htmt(MM, data= Book1, sample.cov=NULL, ordered=NULL, absolute=TRUE)
#Sem Plots
semPaths(fit,what="paths", whatLabels="stand",
color = list(lat = rgb(245, 253, 118, maxColorValue = 255),
man = rgb(155, 253, 175, maxColorValue = 255)), mar = c(10, 5, 10, 5))