Tires

Tires
Perform two basic functions:

•Act as a soft Cushion between

the road and the metal wheel.

•Provide adequate traction (friction)

with the road surface.
 Tires
Parts
•Beads two rings that are made of steel wire and encased in rubber.
They hold tire side walls snugly against the rim.

•Body Plies rubberized fabric and cords wrapped around beads.

Form carcass or body of the tire.

•Tread outer surface of the tire that contacts the road.

 Tires
Parts
•Sidewall outer part of the tire that extends from
the bead to the tread. Marking on the sidewall
provides the information about the tire.

•Liner thin layer of rubber that is bonded to

the inside of the plies. It provides a leak proof
membrane for tubeless tires.

•Belts used to strengthen the body plies and

and stiffen the tread. They lay between the
tread and plies.
Tires
 Tire Construction
Bias Ply Tires
•The plies run at an angle from
bead to bead.

•One of the oldest design.

•Does not use any belts.

•Allows body of the tire to flex easily.

•Improved cushioning, hence smooth ride on rough roads.

•Weakness of Bias-plies is that it reduces traction at high

speeds and increase rolling resistance.
 Tire Construction
Belted Bias Tire

•Bias ply tires with belts added to

increase tread stiffness.

•Belts and plies run at different angles.

•Belts do not run around the sidewalls,

they lay under the tread area only.

•Provides smooth ride and good traction.

•Offers some reduction in rolling resistance over a bias ply tire.

 Tire Construction
Radial Ply Tire

•Plies running straight across from

bead to bead, with stabilizer belts
directly beneath the tread.

•Has a very flexible sidewall and a

stiff tread, giving it a very stable footprint.

•Disadvantage is that it may produce a

harder, or harsher, ride at low speeds.
Tire Construction
Tire Markings
 Tires
Load Pound Kilogra Load Pound Kilogram
Index s ms Index s s
Speed Rating
71 761 345 91 1356 615
72 783 355 92 1389 630
M — 81 73 805 365 93 1433 650
N — 87 74 827 375 94 1477 670
P — 93 75 853 387 95 1521 690
Q — 100 76 882 400 96 1565 710
R — 106 77 908 412 97 1609 730
S — 112
T — 118 78 937 425 98 1653 750
H — 130
V — 149 79 963 437 99 1709 775
W — 168 80 992 450 100 1764 800
Y — 186 81 1019 462 101 1819 825
82 1047 475 102 1874 850
83 1074 487 103 1929 875
 Tires
Expiry Date
•Tires have a shelf life of six years

•They are known to explode (tread comes apart)

Tires
Tires problems
Tires problems
 Tires problems
Feathering
•Improper alignment (TOE).
•Worn or damaged steering or
suspension parts.
•Hard cornering.

Cupping
•Worn or damaged steering or
suspension parts.
•Improper balancing.

One Edge
•Improper alignment (CAMBER).
•Worn or damaged steering or
suspension parts.
Tire Rotation
 Tires
Tread Wear Markings
 Tires

CREDITS
Google Images