ROSE MARIE RANTE

STEM - 12

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1

I answered the following based on what I have learned and understanding.

Chemical Bond
A chemical bond is a strong attraction between atoms or ions that allows molecules and crystals to form.
The bond may be created by the sharing of electrons in covalent bonds or by the electrostatic
interaction between ions that have opposing charges. In a covalent link, the atoms share the electrons
equally, but in an ionic bond, one atom donates an electron to the other atom. For my understanding,
the air we breathe, the food we eat, the clothes we wear, and so on are just a few examples of the
countless chemical bonds that make up nearly everything a person sees or touches in a day.

Quantum numbers
Quantum numbers describe the properties of atomic orbitals and the electrons within them. Quantum
theory, also called wave mechanics, describes the arrangement and space occupied by electrons.
Orbitals refer to the three dimensional regions in space where there is a high probability of finding an
electron around an atom. The following are the types of Quantum numbers and their basic information.

• Principal quantum number (n) — size and energy of orbital.

• Angular momentum quantum number (l)— atomic orbitals shaped, it can also be called a subshell.

• Magnetic quantum number (m) — orientation of orbitals in space that are connected to other
orbitals in the atom.

As I think back to the topic, Bohr's model was a one-dimensional representation of the atom's electron
dispersion that used a single quantum number. The only information that mattered was the size of the
orbit, which is defined by the n quantum number. Meanwhile, the electron could fill three dimensions
according to Schrodinger's theory. For the result, describing the orbitals in which electrons can be found
requires three coordinates, or three quantum numbers.
Periodic Table of Elements
Dmitri Mendeleev, a Russian chemist, developed the framework for the modern periodic table in 1869.
The periodic table of chemical elements, also known as the periodic table, organizes all known chemical
elements into rows (called periods) and columns (called groups) based on increasing atomic number.

The periodic table of elements was quite familiar to me, so I understood the lesson.

To summarize my learned in this topic, the Periodic Table of Elements was designed to provide a wealth
of information about elements and how they interact with one another in a single, easy-to-access
reference. The table also contains useful information for balancing chemical equations. I learned how to
balance a chemical equation by placing coefficients to the symbols or formulas as needed to ensure that
the same number of each type of atom occurs in both reactants and products.

Coordination Compounds
Coordination complexes are addition compounds formed when charged or neutral molecules of
elements such as transition metals combine. They are complexes with distinct properties that differ
significantly from the individual ions contained within them. According to Werner's coordination theory,
the central metal atoms have two valencies: primary and secondary valency, which are satisfied by
negative ions and negative and neutral ions, respectively. Coordination compounds and their chemistry
are used in a variety of industrial and natural applications, including metallurgical applications, analytical
chemistry, medicine, and biological systems.

One important application of coordination compounds is as catalysts, which change the rate of chemical
reactions. Certain complex metal catalysts, for example, play an important role in polyethylene and
polypropylene production. Furthermore, the discovery of a very stable class of organometallic
coordination compounds has accelerated the development of organometallic chemistry. Organometallic
coordination compounds are sometimes distinguished by "sandwich" structures, in which two molecules
of an unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon bond on either side of a metal atom. As a result, the aromatic
system is extremely stable.

The coordination compounds has importance in biological system, it plays a vital role in metallurgy and
medicine. Metal coordination chemistry is also important for understanding the solubility and reactivity
of mineral ores during extraction and refinement into precious metals.

Examples of coordination complexes include: [(Ph3P)3RhCl], [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2 and K4[Fe(CN)6]