MODULE 1:

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

1.2 Historical Evolution of IT

1.3 Key Concepts of Digital Literacy

1.4 Ethical Considerations in the IT Era

1.5 Role of IT in Various Sectors

Information technology (IT) covers any form of
technology, that is, any equipment or technique
used by a company, institution, or any other
organization which handles information. It
incorporates computing, telecommunication
technologies, and includes consumer electronics
and broadcasting as it is getting more and more
digitized (Grauer, 2001)

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-
science/information-technology
Information technology (IT) is the use of any
computers, storage, networking and other physical
devices, infrastructure and processes to create,
process, store, secure and exchange all forms of
electronic data (Castagna, n.d.).

https://www.techtarget.com/searchdatacenter/definition/IT
Information technology is building communications
networks for a company, safeguarding data and
information, creating and administering databases,
helping employees troubleshoot problems with their
computers or mobile devices, or doing a range of
other work to ensure the efficiency and security of
business information (Gershon, 2022)

https://www.snhu.edu/about-us/newsroom/stem/what-is-information-technology
 Human computers were typically engaged in the
calculation of mathematical expressions.

2400 - 500 B.C.

Tally sticks and 1881 1890
Abacus Jacquard Loom Tabulating Machine
1614 1820 1943
Napier’s Bones Arithmometer Harvard Mark 1
1622 1822 - 1834 1936-1938
Difference & Analytical Z1
Slide Rule Engine (First Programmable Computer)
1642 1840 1939-1943
Pascaline Augusta Ada Byron
(First Computer Programmer) Atanasoff-Berry Computer
1672
Stepped 1843 1946
Scheutzian Calculation
Reckoner Engine First Generation Computers
 Human computers were typically engaged in the
calculation of mathematical expressions.

2400 - 500 B.C.

Tally sticks and
Tally sticks. Aabacus.
Abacus (from Wikipedia) (from Computer History Museum)

1614 Napier’s Bone.

Napier’s Bones (from Collection Science
Museum)

1622
The Slide Rule.
Slide Rule (from Wikipedia)

1642
Pascaline Pascaline
(from Brittanica)

1672
Stepped Stepped Reckoner.
Reckoner (from Computer History Museum)
 Human computers were typically engaged in the
calculation of mathematical expressions.

Jacquard Loom.
1881
(from Collection Science
Museum)

Jacquard Loom
1820
Arithmometer
Arithmometer (from Wikipedia)

1822 - 1834
Difference & Analytical
Difference Engine Analytical Engine
Engine (from Brittanica) (from Collection Science
Museum)

1840
Augusta Ada Byron
(First Computer Programmer)
Augusta Ada
Scheutzian Calculation Engine
1843 Byron (from History Computer)
Scheutzian Calculation (from Wikipedia)

Engine
 Human computers were typically engaged in the
calculation of mathematical expressions.

1890
Tabulating Machine
Tabulating Machine (from Wikipedia)

1943
Harvard Mark 1
1936-1938 Harvard Mark I Z1
(from Wikipedia) (from Wikipedia)

Z1
(First Programmable Computer)
1939-1943
Atanasoff-Berry Computer
Atanasoff-Berry
1946 Computer
(from Computer History Museum)
First Generation
First Generation Computers Computers
(from Medium)
(1946 - 1958)
First Generation
(1946 - 1958)
First Generation
(1959 - 1964)
Second Generation
(1959 - 1964)
Second Generation
(1965 - 1970)
Third Generation

https://www.livescience.com/20718-computer-history.html
https://www.explainthatstuff.com/historyofcomputers.htm
(1965 - 1970)
Third Generation

https://www.livescience.com/20718-computer-history.html
https://www.explainthatstuff.com/historyofcomputers.htm
(1971 - present)

Fourth Generation

https://www.scribd.com/embeds/483244096/content?
start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-fFexxf7r1bzEfWu3HKwf
(1971 - present)

Fourth Generation

https://www.scribd.com/embeds/483244096/content?
start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-fFexxf7r1bzEfWu3HKwf
(present - future)

Fifth Generation

https://ftms.edu.my/v2/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/csca0201_ch01.pdf
https://www.sutori.com/story/history-of-ict-information-and-communications-technology--
N7J51bQqSU7vLWcVfdn5M9qa l
(present - future)

Fifth Generation

https://ftms.edu.my/v2/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/csca0201_ch01.pdf
https://www.sutori.com/story/history-of-ict-information-and-communications-technology--
N7J51bQqSU7vLWcVfdn5M9qa l
 MODULE 1:

Thank you for Listening!