Chapter-1: Introduction

Chapter-1:Introduction of Computer Graphics

Que-1: What is Computer Graphics?

Ans:

-“Computer Graphics is an art of drawing images, lines, charts and other visuals on the
computer screens with the help of programming. Computer graphics image is made up of
number of pixels."

OR

-The visuals/images on the computer screens are made up of numerous pixels.

Que-2: List out the application areas of computer graphics.(Feb-2019)

Ans: Applications of computer graphics are as below:

1) Graphical User Interface (GUI)

2) Art
3) Presentation
4) Education and Training
5) Entertainment
6) Engineering Drawings
7) Architect
8) Medical Imaging
9) Image Processing
10) Computer-Generated Maps
11) Visualization
12) Educational Software
13) Printing Technology

Que-3: Write note on Applications of Computer Graphics.(Jan-2017)

Ans: The Computer Graphics is used in numerous areas some of them are as follows:

1) Graphical User Interface (GUI) : The interaction of user interacts with electronic devices
such as computers mobiles and other devices.

-This interface uses icons, menus and other visuals, graphics by which user easily interacts.
 Chapter-1: Introduction

2) Art : Computer Graphics provide a new way of creating designs. It is used to generate
television and advertising commercial.

-Now Artists and designers use illustrator, coral draw, Photoshop, adobe muse and other
different types of applications for creating new designs.

-Painting packages are available. With cordless, pressure-sensitive stylus, artists can
produce electronic paintings which simulate different brush strokes, brush widths, and
colors.

-Photorealistic techniques, morphing and animations are very useful in commercial art.

3) Presentations : Computer graphics is used for creating charts, bar diagrams and other
visuals for the presentation purpose, with this user can easily understand the points.

-Example of presentation Graphics are bar charts, line graphs, pie charts and other
displays showing relationships between multiple parameters.

-Presentation Graphics is commonly used to summarize

- Financial Reports

- Statistical Reports

- Mathematical Reports

- Scientific Reports

- Economic Data for research reports

- Managerial Reports

- Consumer Information Bulletins

- And other types of reports

4) Education and Training : Now we can train our students with simulators, through this
they can learn about the machines without physically trying them.

-For some training applications, particular systems are designed. For example Flight
Simulator.

-e.g. Flight Simulator: It helps in giving training to the pilots of airplanes. These pilots
spend much of their training not in a real aircraft but on the ground at the controls of a
Flight Simulator.
 Chapter-1: Introduction

-Advantages of simulation :Fuel Saving, Safety and Ability to familiarize the training with a
large number of the world's airports.

5) Entertainment :

-Computer graphics finds a major part of its utility in the movie industry and game indus-
try.

-Used for creating motion pictures, music video, television shows, cartoon animation
films.

-In the game industry where focus and interactivity are the key players, computer graphics
helps in providing such features in the efficient way.

-It is used to create scenes which have special effects and animations.

-In some applications different people were replaced by one another. This is an application
of graphics techniques called morphing.

-Special effects were succesfully used in many hollywood films like terminator, Jurassic
park, and many others.

-Terminator is movie in which the actor is tranformed into a robot.

-In the movie Jurassic park , computer graphics gave birth to dinosaurs thousands of years
after their destruction.

-Now a days human beings need not do any riskey stunt scenes, all these scenes can be
created using computer graphics systems.

6) Engineering Drawings : Computer Graphics gives us the flexibility to create 3d house

models, house circuits and engineering drawings etc which is quite helpful for us.

7) Architect: Architect can explore an alternative solution to design problems at an

interactive graphics terminal. In this way, they can test many more solutions that would
not be possible without the computer.

8) Medical Imaging : MRIs, CAT scans, and other internal scans are possible because of
computer graphics.

9) Image Processing: Image processing applies techniques to modify and interpret existing
 Chapter-1: Introduction

picture such as photograph scan.

-The main thing of image processing is to improve the picture quality and provide machine
perception used in robotics.

-Image processing is to apply techniques to modify or interpret existing pictures.

-It is widely used in medical applications.

-Many applications of image processing in remote sensing, weather forecasting, medical

sciences etc.

10) Computer-Generated Maps: Town planners and transportation engineers can use
computer-generated maps which display data useful to them in their planning work.

11) Visualization : For analyzing scientific, engineering, medical and business data or
behavior.

-Converting data tovisual form can help to understand mass volume of data very
efficiently.

12) Educational Software: Computer Graphics is used in the development of educational

software for making computer-aided instruction.

13) Printing Technology: Computer Graphics is used for printing technology and textile
design.

Que-4: How graphics used in Education?( Feb/March-2018,Feb-2016)

Ans:
- Computer Graphics can be a tools for increasing the awareness in the sciences subjects
such as Mathematics among students. Because of the application of the real time,
interactive, and visual feedback, students can easily observe the effects of the use of
Mathematics in produce a good designs.

- Computer graphics is now used by various institute to graphically touch the students of
various fields, Air traffic control, Aircraft pilots, Ship captains are trained on computer
before live training this is known as simulation.
 Chapter-1: Introduction

-Now we can train our students with simulators, through this they can learn about the
machines without physically trying them. For some training applications, particular
systems are designed. For example Flight Simulator.

- e.g. Flight Simulator: It helps in giving training to the pilots of airplanes. These pilots
spend much of their training not in a real aircraft but on the ground at the controls of a
Flight Simulator.

-Advantages of simulation:Fuel Saving, Safety and Ability to familiarize the training with a
large number of the world's airports.

Que-5:How graphics systems are applied in the area of Presentation graphics

and Entertainment?( Feb/March-2018, Feb-2016)

Ans: Graphics systems are applied in the area of Presentation graphics :

-Computer graphics is used for creating charts, bar diagrams and other visuals for the
presentation purpose, with this user can easily understand the points.

-Example of presentation Graphics are bar charts, line graphs, pie charts and other
displays showing relationships between multiple parameters.

- Presentation Graphics is commonly used to summarize

- Financial Reports

- Statistical Reports

- Mathematical Reports

- Scientific Reports

- Economic Data for research reports

- Managerial Reports

- Consumer Information Bulletins

- And other types of reports

Graphics systems are applied in the area of Entertainment:

-Computer graphics finds a major part of its utility in the movie industry and game indus-
try.
 Chapter-1: Introduction

-Used for creating motion pictures, music video, television shows, cartoon animation
films.

-In the game industry where focus and interactivity are the key players, computer graphics
helps in providing such features in the efficient way.

-It is used to create scenes which have special effects and animations.

-In some applications different people were replaced by one another. This is an application
of graphics techniques called morphing.

-Special effects were succesfully used in many hollywood films like terminator, Jurassic
park, and many others.

-Terminator is movie in which the actor is tranformed into a robot.

-In the movie Jurassic park , computer graphics gave birth to dinosaurs thousands of years
after their destruction.

-Now a days human beings need not do any riskey stunt scenes, all these scenes can be
created using computer graphics systems.

Que-6: Discuss various applications of computer graphics in Image processing

and Entertainment.(Feb-2020)

Ans:

Applications of computer graphics in Image processing:

-Image processing applies techniques to modify and interpret existing picture such as
photograph scan.

-The main thing of image processing is to improve the picture quality and provide ma-
chine perception used in robotics.

-Image processing is to apply techniques to modify or interpret existing pictures. It is

widely used in medical applications.

-Many applications of image processing in remote sensing, weather forecasting, medical

sciences etc.

Applications of computer graphics in Entertainment:

-Computer graphics finds a major part of its utility in the movie industry and game indus-
try.
 Chapter-1: Introduction

-Used for creating motion pictures, music video, television shows, cartoon animation
films.

-In the game industry where focus and interactivity are the key players, computer graphics
helps in providing such features in the efficient way.

-It is used to create scenes which have special effects and animations.

-In some applications different people were replaced by one another. This is an application
of graphics techniques called morphing.

-Special effects were succesfully used in many hollywood films like terminator, Jurassic
park, and many others.

-Terminator is movie in which the actor is tranformed into a robot.

-In the movie Jurassic park , computer graphics gave birth to dinosaurs thousands of years
after their destruction.

-Now a days human beings need not do any riskey stunt scenes, all these scenes can be
created using computer graphics systems.

Que-7: Explain various Graphics standards.(Feb-2019,Feb/March-2018,Jan-

2017)

Standard Description
CORE 3- dimensional graphics system.

GKS Graphics kernal system.

Graphics standard with language and device independence, mainly for

2-dimensional graphics. Approved in 1988.

PHIGS Programmer's Hierarchical Interactive Graphics system.

More comprehensive 3- dimensional graphics. Approved in 1989 by

ANSI and ISO.

CGI Computer Graphics Interface.

A standard device communication protocol.

CGM Computer Graphics Metafile.

 Chapter-1: Introduction

This defines functions needed to describe pictures.

IGES Initial Graphics Exchange Specification.

This is a standard for exchange of model database among CAD/CAM

systems.

PDES Product data Exchange Specification.

Exchange of product data. This product data includes entire life cycle
such as design manufacturing, quality assurance, testing and support.

Open GL Open Graphics Language.

Silicon graphics Inc. Developed this API library.

Quick Draw 3D Standard introduced by Apple in 1995.

Direct 3D Game API introduced by microsoft.

VRL Virtual Reality Modelling Language. Introduced in 1994.

Que-8: Write note on Computer Graphics File Formats.(Feb-2020)

Ans:
The storage structure of images is also an important and crucial aspect of graphics.
There are various storage structures available to store images to be used in computer
graphics applications. In this section, we will discuss some of the file formats, which are
commonly used in graphics.

Name of format Extension Graphics type

Art Gem Project .agp Raster

Window Bitmap .bmp Raster

Corel Draw Document .cdr Vector

Graphics Interchange .gif Raster

Format
 Chapter-1: Introduction

Joint Photographic Expert .jpg .jpeg Raster

Group

Multiple Image Network .mng Raster

Graphics

Pixel Coordination Format .pcf Raster

Portable Document Format .pdf Raster / Vector

Portable Grey Map Format .pmg Raster / Vector

Picture .pic .pct .pict Raster / Vector

Portable Network Graphics .png Raster

Post Script .ps Vector

Photoshop Document .psd Raster / Vector

Windows Metafile .wmf Vector

Que-9:Give Examples of Computer Graphics Packages.

Ans:

Name of Company Purpose

Software

CorelDraw Adobe To create and manipulate static images

Photoshop Adobe To create and manipulate static pictures

Paint Brush Microsoft To create and manipulate static images

Animator Pro Autodesk To create 2D animation

3D Studio Autodesk To create 3D images and 3D animation

 Chapter-1: Introduction

MAYA Autodesk High end 3D graphics and 3D modeling. This is

and Alias used in the creation of special effects and
complete films too.

Flash Adobe Popularly used for creating animations

for Web pages.

AutoCAD Autodesk For creating 2D conceptual designing and also 3D

object rendering from concepts.