Introduction to Mechanism and Mechanical Vibrations Lab

LAB REPORT 9
Name Mohammad Bilal Raza
Class ME-12A
Registration No. 342424
Lab In-charge Sir. Muhammad Zeeshan Ahsan
School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME)
Torsional Vibration
Objective: The aim of this experiment was to determine the time period of torsional vibration for
various lengths of the apparatus.

Introduction:
Torsional vibration is a dynamic phenomenon observed in rotating
mechanical systems, characterized by the oscillatory twisting motion along
the axis of a shaft. This phenomenon is particularly pertinent in engines,
drivetrains, and other rotating machinery. Torsional vibrations can arise
from irregularities in torque input, sudden load changes, or the inherent
elasticity of the shaft material, leading to potential issues such as fatigue
and component failure.

The impact of torsional vibration is significant in the interaction between

components like engines, transmissions, and drivetrains. Engine firing
pulses, for instance, can generate torque fluctuations that propagate
through the system, influencing torsional vibrations. Engineers use various
techniques, including the incorporation of torsional vibration dampers and
flexible couplings, along with mathematical models and simulations, to
predict and mitigate these vibrations. Effectively managing torsional
vibration is crucial for optimizing the performance, durability, and
reliability of rotating mechanical systems, ensuring their efficient operation
over time.

Apparatus:
 Disc + Lower chuck + ring assembly

 Upper chuck

 Frame

 Small rod

 Measuring tape

 Stopwatch

 LN key

Procedure:
1. Ensure the disc is tightly secured, and all components are in place without any vibrations.

2. Determine the distance from the lower extremity of the upper chuck to the base of the disc.

3. Prepare the stopwatch and mark a specific point on the disc as a reference for measuring the
time interval.

4. Twist the disc at a small angle (θ), avoiding translational vibrations.

 5. Measure the time period for 20 oscillations.

6. Repeat the procedure for different lengths.

Observations and Calculations:

 Moment of Inertia of chuck and rod in comparison to disc and ring is negligible.

 Disc weight with chuck (m) = 4.4 kg

 Ring weight (M) = 2.3 kg

 Disc Diameter = 160 mm, radius = 80 mm

 Ring Outer diameter = 160 mm (ro = 80 mm), Ring Inner diameter = 100 mm (ri = 50 mm)

 Shear Modulus (G) = 70.3 GPa

 Diameter of thin rod (D) = 3 mm

 Polar moment of Inertia (J) = (πD^4)/32 = 7.95x10^-12 m^4

Length (mm) Time Period for 20 Oscillations (s) Time Period (s) Theoretical Time Period (s) % Error

420 16.06 0.80 0.7421 7.80

300 13.01 0.65 0.6272 3.63

225 11.22 0.56 0.5432 3.09

The theoretical results have been found using SIMULINK. Following is the one of simulation performed:
Discussion:
The obtained experimental results exhibit notable variations in the time period for torsional vibration at
different lengths of the apparatus. Analyzing the data reveals interesting trends and factors influencing
the outcomes.

The length of the apparatus appears to have a direct impact on the time period. As the length decreases
from 420 mm to 225 mm, the time period for 20 oscillations decreases from 16.06 s to 11.22 s. This
inverse relationship is consistent with theoretical expectations. Shorter lengths should theoretically
result in faster oscillations due to the reduced moment of inertia.

However, the percentage errors between the experimental and theoretical time periods are non-
negligible. The percentage errors range from 3.09% to 7.80%, indicating a discrepancy between the
observed and expected values. Possible sources of error include friction in the rotational components,
air resistance, and imperfections in the apparatus setup. These factors might contribute to the observed
differences and should be considered in the interpretation of the results.

The experimental procedure's precision is crucial, especially when dealing with small angular
displacements. Even minor disturbances could impact the accuracy of the time period measurements. It
is important to acknowledge that torsional vibrations are sensitive to various external influences, and
minimizing these effects is a challenging aspect of such experiments.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the experiment successfully demonstrated the influence of length on the time period of
torsional vibration. The observed trends align with theoretical expectations, indicating a sound
foundation for the experimental setup. However, the percent errors suggest that there are elements
affecting the precision and accuracy of the measurements.
To improve the reliability of future experiments, careful consideration of potential sources of error is
imperative. Implementing measures to minimize friction, air resistance, and other external influences
would contribute to more accurate results. Additionally, conducting multiple trials and averaging the
data could enhance the robustness of the findings.

This experiment provides valuable insights into the dynamics of torsional vibrations but highlights the
need for meticulous attention to experimental details. The results, despite some discrepancies,
contribute to the understanding of the relationship between length and the time period of torsional
vibration, laying the groundwork for further investigations and refinements in experimental techniques.

Recommendations: To enhance the accuracy of future experiments, it is recommended to conduct

added trials, ensure consistent conditions, and validate theoretical calculations with more rigorous
mathematical models. Additionally, careful consideration of potential sources of error and their
minimization will contribute to the reliability of the results.

This experiment contributes to the understanding of torsional vibrations and supplies a foundation for
further research in related fields.