7.1.

a The first and the third statements are equivalent, and they both entail the second
statement, but not the other way round.

7.1.b The first statement entails the second one, but not the other way round.

7.1.C These statements are logically independent of each other. You can build a phone
designed and launched by others, or you can just design it for another company. Or you can
launch a phone built and designed by other people.

7.1.d The second statement entails the first, but the other way round. You fail to stay off the
bridge if you run rather than walk across it.

7.1.e The first and third statements are equivalent.

7.1.f The first two are equivalent.

7.1.g Not logically equivalent.

7.1.h Yes.

7.1.1 No.

7.1.j No. It is consistent with the second statement that Ronaldinho is famous for something
other than being a soccer player.

7.1 .k No. The second statement says that not everything is impossible. It entails that
something is possible, but not that everything is possible, which is what the first sentence
says.

7.2.a Can be consistent if new means "recently purchased." SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES 23 9

7.2.b Inconsistent.

7.2.C Consistent. The statements entail that he is not guilty.

7.2.d Inconsistent. If something is known then it must be true. It is the things we think vie
know that can be wrong. So we didn't really know them.

7.2.e Inconsistent.

7.2.f Inconsistent. If you think human actions are free, which statement will you reject?
7.3.a Are the motherboards and memory chips also Intel ones?

7.3.b (a) Either I shall visit Sophie and you will visit Sandra, or he will visit Sonia, (b) I shall
visit Sophie, and either you will visit Sandra or he will visit Sonia.

7.4.a It is not the case that hang gliding is dangerous.

7.4.b It is not the case that I am afraid.

7.4.C It is not the case that belching is polite.

7.4.d It is not the case that you are Einstein.

7.5.a Inclusive.

7.5.b Exclusive.