8.1.a A thunderstorm is coming. Therefore, you should stay at home.

8.1.b All Maoists are communists. All communists are Marxists. Therefore, all Maoists are
Marxists.

8.1.C You can barely keep your eyes open. Therefore, you should not drive.

8.1.d If he wants to go out with me he would have called. He did not call me. Therefore, he
is not interested in me.

8.1.e Not an argument.

8.1.f You might get hit by a car if you jaywalk. The police might fine you if you jaywalk.
Therefore, you should not jaywalk.

8.1.g If the solution is acidic, the litmus paper would have turned red. The litmus paper has
not turned red. Therefore, the solution is not acidic.

8.2 Something like the following: (Premise 1) Art students do not understand modern art in
the beginning. (Premise 2) To understand modern art, one must study art history.
(Conclusion) Art students must begin by studying art history.

8.3 The conclusion of the other argument is that there is no simple way to measure whether
on balance religion has more positive or negative consequences. But the argument does not
spell out explicitly why this conclusion follows. Presumably it is supposed to be obviously
true.