Philosophy– comes from the greek word philo and sophia Emptying - .

It means pushing ourselves not to be affected by

means“ love of wisdom” our personal biases so we can make an objective and fair
assessment of things.
Love of Wisdom - This remains the goal of philosophy.
Empiism - This theory believes that knowledge can only be
Holism – It is the theory that parts of a whole are in attained only through sense experience.
intimate interconnection.
Pragmatism - believed that the meaning and truth of an idea
HIGHEST PRINCIPLE are tested by its practical consequences.

1. Principle of identity characteristics or concept for
that thing to exist
2. Principle of Non Contradiction - It denies that a
thing can be and not be at the same time.
3. Principle of Excluded minded – there is no middle
ground conceivable
4. Principle of sufficient Reason – nothing happen
without sufficient reason
PHILOSOPHICAL BRANCHES
1. Metaphysics – What we identify as real, “true
reality”The principle that beyond all existence and
reality could be best explained by the analogy of
water.
 It is the study of reality and existence.
Reflection: Allegory of the Cave - . It is a reflection that
distinguishes between appearance and reality.
2. Ethics - Correct reasoning is the concern of this
branch of philosophy.
Reflection: True Knowledge means virtue
Ethics Main Position
 Natural Law – humanity towards happines
 Teleolongical Theory - consequence that emphasize
pleasure
 Deontological Ethics – moral duty
 Virtue Ethics - Ten Commandments is an example
of this ethical position
 Relativism
Induction - Some philosophers believe that general ideas are
formed from the examination of particular facts.
Deduction - Other philosophers think it is more important to
find a general law according to which particular facts can be
understood or judged
PHILOSOPHER
Allan Mathison Turing - He is considered to be the father of
computer science and artificial intelligence.
Plato – caled the truth as consisted in ideas and norms, says
that the soul is an idea
Thales – greek thinker believes that everything is water
Socrates – to be happy a person must concentrate on the
goodness of the soul
James William - believed that the meaning and truth of an
idea are tested by its practical consequences. .
Aristotle - He perceived that to become happy, a person must
live a virtuous life.
Review:
-5 philosophical Branches
- 4 Highest Principle
- 5 Ethics Main Position
- Filipino Thoughts and Values

3. Logic - Arguments in courts fall under this branch of

philosophy
4. Epistomology - It is the “ways of knowing”.Validity
of knowledge “real knowledge”
5. Aesthetics - This branch of philosophy is closely
related to the philosophy of art, which is concerned
with the nature of art and the concepts in terms of
which individual works of art are interpreted and
evaluated.

- Choosing a national artists fall under this branch of

philosophy.

- It is the appreciation of nature of beauty and taste.

Still life- A work of art that shows inanimate objects.