Scheme of Work

A Level
Biology A
Scheme of work
Module 2: Foundations in biology
Topic 2.1: Foundations in biology
Version 2.2 1 © OCR 2023

A Level Biology A Scheme of work
Specification Suggested Delivery Suggested Practical work Notes

reference teaching time guide
2.1.1 Cell 15 hours 2.1.1 Cell Experiments to allow: Suggested resources:
Structure Structure  Preparation of microscope Interpret photomicrographs (can get from online) and use them to practice
slides drawing skills.
 Use of differential staining to
identify different cellular Additional guidance:
components and cell types To include Light microscope, TEM, SEM and laser scanning confocal;
 Use of light microscope to compare resolution and magnification for each.
enable examinations of slides To include identification and functions of cellular components in
 Use of an eye piece graticule prokaryotes and eukaryote cells.
 Use of a stage micrometer Maths opportunities for understanding and using the magnification formula
 Use of photomicrograph for as well as expression of decimal and standard form.
the production of scientific
drawings with annotations Synoptic links:
- biological membranes
Practical suggestions: - cell division
PAG1 - organelles to greater detail elsewhere (e.g. respiration,
photosynthesis, gene expression)
OCR suggested activities - Pathogen types
RSB – A closer look at Blood MCQ - Cell

RSB - Opportunity to examine
living, unstained organisms


2.1.2 Biological 25 hours 2.1.2 Water: Suggested resources:
Molecules Biological Chemistry of water and its effects
molecules Use of molymods (if not available playdoh of different colour can be used)
on pond ecology (ref:2.1.2a)
to represent the biological molecules. Useful when representing the
different types of bonds.
Carbohydrates:
To represent the levels of protein structure: glue a series of pieces of
Introduction of starch as a
polymer – Making Plastic from coloured paper together in a straight line in order to show primary,
potato starch (ref:2.1.2g) secondary and tertiary structure. Use white strips to represent the
hydrogen bonds.
Proteins: When teaching qualitative testing this can be used in context: eg. Identify
Activity to explore proteins by the diabetic using urine samples, sugar content in different types of juice
their different function etc.
(ref:2.1.2m,n,o)
PAG 10.1 OCR suggested
activities – Molecular modelling Additional guidance:
(ref:2.1.2n) Conjugated protein should include haemoglobin, insulin and a named
enzyme
Qualitative Testing: Fibrous proteins to include collagen, keratin and elastin
PAG9 OCR suggested activities
Maths opportunity for the calculation of Rf value.
– Carry out and interpret
chemical tests (ref:2.1.2q)
Synoptic links:
- enzymes
– Colorimetry (ref: 2.1.2r)
- qualitative testing that allows us to track hydrolysis reactions
– Chromatography (ref:2.1.2s) - link to diagnosis using excretory products
- Photosynthetic pigments
MCQ - Biochemistry1
MCQ - Biochemistry2


2.1.3 8 hours 2.1.3 PAG 10.1 OCR suggested Resources:
Nucleotides and Nucleotides activities – Molecular modelling No need to recall the chemical structure of nucleotide or nucleic acids.
nucleic acids and nucleic (ref:2.1.2n)
Familiarise with DNA codons and RNA codons.
acids
Comparison of function and structure of DNA, RNA and ATP.
DNA replication can be shown using pipe cleaners.
Transcription and translation can be represented with models, where
Extraction of strawberry DNA students can visualise the process. Teach Genetics, University of Utah
Translation animation
Additional guidance:
To include roles of the enzymes helicase, DNA polymerase. Importance of
replication in conserving genetic information with accuracy and the
occurrence of random, spontaneous mutations.
To include non-overlapping, degenerate and universal nature of the code
Role of RNA polymerase, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
Synoptic links:
- DNA sequencing and genetic engineering
- Enzymes
- Function of eukaryotic organelles
MCQ - Nucleic acids


2.1.4 Enzymes 8 hours 2.1.4 PAG4 Resources:
Enzymes OCR suggested activities Teaching factors affecting the rate of reaction of the enzymes, students
can be asked to design their own experiments in order to collect data,
Catalase and hydrogen peroxide evaluate and make conclusions. Alternatively PAGs/ practical activities
concentration reaction – can be attempted before teaching the content and allow students to
Alternative research their results.
To include serial dilutions: introduce serial dilutions using colour beads
Effect of temperature on the Context approach- Case study for inhibitory enzymes
activity of lipase – Alternative
Effect of pH on amylase activity - To include catalase enzyme, amylase and trypsin
Alternative Cl – as a cofactor for amylase, Zn2+ as a prosthetic group for carbonic
anhydrase and vitamins as a source of coenzymes
Effect of concentration on the competitive and non-competitive and reversible and non-reversible
activity of trypsin – Alternative inhibitors with reference to the action of metabolic poisons and some
medicinal drugs, and the role of product inhibition AND inactive precursors
Effect of amylase on a starchy in metabolic pathways
foodstuff – Synoptic practical on
activity of enzymes and Maths opportunity to calculate temperature coefficient (Q10), drawing and
qualitative tests interpreting graphs, identify uncertainties, predict graph, represent linear
relationship, calculate rates from graphs and measure the gradient on a
curve.
Synoptic links:
- Hormones
- Biological molecules – Qualitative tests
MCQ- Enzymes


2.1.5 Biological 7 hours 2.1.5 PAG8 OCR suggested activities Resources:
membranes Biological – Transport in and out of cells
Model representation of membrane – University of Utah
membranes
PAG5 OCR suggested activities How can you test membrane permeability? – University of Birmingham,
– Effect of temperature on Videos and information about the research in membrane permeability.
membrane permeability Introduce diffusion by carrying out a simple demonstration using
potassium permanganate diffusing in water.
Osmosis in bell pepper pericarp Introduction of osmosis can be presented using visking tubing or by
tissue – SAPS placing gummy bears into different concentrations of salt.
Case study: from gummy bears to celery stalks – National Centre for case
Effect of size on uptake by
study teaching in science
diffusion – Nuffield foundation,
opportunity to calculate SA:V
ratio Additional guidance:
To include the role of membranes
To include the effects of temperature and solvents
Maths opportunity to plot and interpret graphs, identify uncertainties,
predict graph, represent linear relationship, calculate rates from graphs
and measure the gradient on a curve. Calculations of surface area,
volume and circumference
Synoptic links:
- Chemiosmosis in respiration and photosynthesis
- Features of exchange surfaces
MCQ – Biological membranes


2.1.6 Cell 16 hours 2.1.6 Cell PAG1 OCR suggested activities- Resources:
division, cell division, cell Microscopy
KS4 to KS5 Cell division (Transition guide)
diversity and diversity and
Microscopy of root tip mitosis – Use of playdoh/pipe cleaners to help demonstrate the stages of mitosis
cellular cellular
SAPs with video demonstration and meiosis and visualise independent assortment and chiasmata
organisation organisation
and ppt How can we use microscopes to observe mitosis?- University of
Birmingham
Use photomicrographs from different species to identify the different
Preparing an anther squash – stages of mitosis/meiosis.
Alternative
Cell division check point task – Student worksheet
Cell division check point task – Teacher worksheet
Context approach – Saving Superman
Debate on the use of stem cells
Cell cycle – G1, S and G2, mitosis and cytokinesis
To include the changes in the organelles during mitosis and meiosis
Cells are specialised - erythrocytes, neutrophils, squamous and ciliated
epithelial cells, sperm cells, palisade cells, root hair cells and guard cells.
Including squamous and ciliated epithelia, cartilage, muscle, xylem and
phloem as examples of tissues
Potential use of stem cells in research and medicine to include: repair of
damaged tissues, the treatment of neurological conditions such as
Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, and research into developmental biology
MCQ – Cell division, cell diversity and cellular organisation

Module 3: Exchange and transport

Topic 3.1: Exchange and transport
Specification Suggested Delivery guide Practical work Notes

reference teaching time
3.1.1 Exchange 9 hours 3.1.1 Exchange PAG1.3 Resources:

surfaces surfaces OCR suggested activities –
Video showing the dissection of gills - GCSE Samples for Schools
Microscopy - Examine lung
(Subscribe)
tissue
Oxygen supply – STEM article
Guidance on dissection of the Studying lung surfactant – STEM article
gaseous exchange in bony
fish (delivery guide) Additional guidance:
Alternative to PAG2
To include analysis and interpretation of primary and secondary
data e.g. from a data logger or spirometer. Compare and interpret
Dissection of insect trachea
graphs from data logger and kymographs.
Alternative to PAG2
Bony fish – changes in volume of the buccal cavity and the
functions of the operculum, gill filaments and gill lamellae (gill
Dissection of lungs
plates); counter current flow
Using spirometer – PAG10 Insects – spiracles, trachea, thoracic and abdominal movement to
opportunity to use data logger change body volume, exchange with tracheal fluid
to collect data Maths opportunity to calculate surface area to volume ratio, use of
significant figures and calculation of circumference surface area
and volume.
Synoptic links:
- Cell membranes
- Transport in animals
MCQ- Exchange Surfaces


3.1.2 Transport in 11 hours 3.1.2 Transport PAG2.1 OCR suggested Resources:

animals in animals activities – Dissection of the
mammalian heart Video showing the dissection of the heart- GCSE Samples for
school (subscribe)
Dissection of the heart – Consider questions comparing the different circulatory systems
Alternative practical and suggesting reason why each organism needs the specific
circulatory system.
Observation of blood Series of animations and illustrations related with circulatory
circulation in Asellus – system
Demonstration
Cardiac output= heart rate x stroke volume
Use of ECG traces to interpret and describe, as well as graphs
showing the pressure in the heart against time.
Resource on oxygen dissociation curve
Opportunity to teach in context - synopticity: Case study: A healthy
retirement?
(continued on next page)

Module 4: Biodiversity, evolution and disease

Topic 4.1: Communicable diseases, disease prevention and the immune system

4.1.1 16 hours 4.1.1 PAG1.2 OCR suggested Resources:

Communicable Communicable activities – Blood smears
examination Autoimmune disease
diseases, diseases,
disease disease Opportunity to practice the use of precise language. Eg antibody
prevention and prevention and A series of practical activities vs antigen, T cells vs B cells, specific vs non-specific response,
the immune the immune to investigate how microbes active vs passive immunity, immune vs resistant. Students are
system system develop asked to explain the differences between those terms.
Immune system poster
Immune system scientific article - Revision
Deadinburgh biomaths– Activity, Maths skills (GCSE)
No details of the symptoms of specific diseases is required
No detail of skin structures
Basic steps of clotting cascade is required
Maths opportunities to plot, interpret and identify correlations in
graphs. Also they should be able to understand the principles of
sampling.
Synoptic links:
- Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
- Cell specialisation and level of organisation
- Proteins and enzymes

Topic 4.2: Biodiversity

4.2.1 Biodiversity 11 hours 4.2.1 Biodiversity PAG3 OCR suggested Resources:

activities – Sampling
Introduction to biodiversity article from ‘The Guardian’
Guidance on Simpson’s Index of Diversity – Royal society of
geography
Activity: Using cards to investigate Simpson’s Diversity Index
CPD from Field studies council – Biology Fieldwork
Introduction to captive breeding – National Geographic
World population growth curve 1750-2100
Synoptic links:
- Investigating ecosystems
- Genome
4.2.2 11 hours 4.2.2 Resources:

Classification and Classification and Discussion topics – Darwin today
evolution evolution
Factsheets – Darwin’s theory
Wheat evolution – ppt and activities
Biomaths – ppts and resources
Cladistics and phylogenetic definition of species (A level)
the contributions of Darwin and Wallace in formulating the theory
of evolution by natural selection AND fossil, DNA (only genomic
DNA at AS level) and molecular evidence
MCQ- Classification and evolution

Module 5: Communication, homeostasis and energy

Topic 5.1: Communication and homeostasis

5.1.1 7 hours 5.1.1 Investigating animal Resources:
Communication Communication responses Activity- Temperature control
and homeostasis and homeostasis
PAG11 OCR suggested
Synoptic link:
activities
- Membranes
- Neuronal communication
5.1.2 Excretion as 9 hours 5.1.2 Excretion as PAG 1 Microscopy – Resources:

an example of an example of Opportunity to observe liver
Use of photomicrographs of liver tissue.
homeostatic homeostatic tissue under the microscope
control control and practice drawing skills Dissection of kidney video – GCSE
Context approach - Liver failure – Case studies, could be used as
a starter activity
Booklets containing further information on Dialysis,
PAG 2 Dissection – transplantation and Factsheets on kidney failure - KidneyCare UK
Opportunity to carry out
dissection of the kidneys Synoptic links:
- Membranes
- Homeostasis
PAG 9.3 Qualitative testing - Transport in animals
glucose – Opportunity to use - Neuronal communication
urine samples in diagnostic - Qualitative tests
tests.


5.1.3 Neuronal 7 hours 5.1.3 Neuronal Measuring reaction time of Resources:

Communication communication human nerve-controlled
British Neuroscience Association resources mapped against the
reaction – Nuffield Foundation specifications – Biology A
Introduction to nervous system – video
Introduction to the neurones communication - video
Synoptic links:
- Membranes and their structure
- Movement of substances
- Animal responses


5.1.4 Hormonal 9 hours 5.1.4 Hormonal PAG 9.3 Qualitative testing Resources:
Communication Communication glucose – Opportunity to use
Introduction to endocrinology – endocrine system
urine samples in diagnostic
tests. Introduction of diabetes by analysing urine samples record data
and suggesting reasons as to why glucose might be present in
urine.
Use of pancreas’ photomicrographs from online. Interactive
microscope slides: pancreas, interlobular ducts, islets of
PAG 1 Microscopy –
Langerhans
Opportunity to observe
pancreas tissue under the Case studies of people with diabetes.
microscope and practice Video- This is diabetes
drawing skills.
The use of insulin produced by genetically modified bacteria and
the potential use of stem cells to treat diabetes mellitus
Maths opportunities to carry out calculations of magnification
Synoptic links:
- Protein structure
- Cell membranes
- Qualitative tests
- Homeostasis
- Movement of substances
- Genetic Engineering (GCSE)
MCQ- Communication and homeostasis



5.1.5 Plant and Response in animals: Response in animals:

animal responses Resources:
PAG11.1 – Exercise and
Pulse Rate – OCR suggested Context approach – Baby reflex movement (new-born baby is
activities able to walk)
Why poison Frogs don’t poison themselves? - National
PAG 11.2 – Daphnia Heart Geographic
rate – OCR suggested Brain structure – Interactive
activities
MRI image (online) of healthy brain vs a brain tumour –
PAG 1 – Microscopy: Opportunities to identify the structures of the brain and the effects
Observe muscles slides it will have on the body.
under the microscope Animation of reflex action
Muscle Contraction - Video
PAG 2.3 – Dissection of the
chicken wing – OCR Revision GCSE – How your heart works?
suggested activities
Maths opportunity to calculate standard deviation and Student’s t-
test
Synoptic links:
- Synapses
- Protein structure
- ATP
- Cardiac Cycle

Topic 5.2: Energy for biological processes

5.2.1 11 hours 5.2.1 PAG6.3 TLC photosynthetic Resources:

Photosynthesis Photosynthesis pigments – OCR suggested
activity Understanding Photosynthesis – Power point and word from
SAPS
Investigating the light Investigating photosynthesis and respiration – Resources SAPS
dependent reaction in
photosynthesis – SAPS
PAG4 (Rates of reaction) Maths opportunity to calculate Rf values, rates and interpret and
Investigating factors affecting plot graphs.
the rate of photosynthesis –
Nuffield Biology (Opportunity
to develop IAPS) Synoptic links:
- Qualitative tests – DCPIP
PAG12.3 Oxygen rate
- Enzymes
pondweed- OCR suggested
practical activity - Cell ultrastructure - Eukaryotic cells
- Respiration
Virtual Lab - Photosynthesis

(Opportunity to develop IAPS) MCQ- Photosynthesis


5.2.2 Respiration 18 hours 5.2.2 Respiration Opportunities to design Resources:

experiment practice IAPS:
Feeding a growing planet: Synopticity and context – Feeding a growing planet: respiration
respiration and ripening and ripening
(protocols) Synopticity- Animation: Respiration and photosynthesis (SAPS)
Context approach- Naked mole rat treatment for stroke
Electron transport system and ATP synthesis - Animation
Introduction of the topic using
demonstration: Screaming Cellular respiration glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport -
Jelly Babies 3D animation
PAG12.1 Investigation into Maths opportunity to calculate respiratory quotient (RQ), plot and
the respiration rate of interpret graphs
Saccharomyces cerevisiae –
OCR suggested activity
PAG10.2 Turbidity (Rate of Synoptic links:

respiration) – OCR suggested - Cell ultrastructure – Eukaryotic cells
practical - Membranes
- Membrane signalling
Measuring respiratory
- Photosynthesis
quotient – Nuffield Foundation
- Enzymes
Measuring the rate of
metabolism – Nuffield
Foundation
PAG 4 Rates of enzymes MCQ- Respiration

reactions – OCR suggested
practical

Module 6: Genetics, evolution and ecosystems

Topic 6.1: Genetics and evolution

6.1.1 Cellular 7 hours 6.1.1 Cellular PAG 10.1 DNA RasMol – Resources:
control control OCR suggested activity
Article on mutations – Nature (independent reading)
Homeobox genes - support information
MRC Cancer Model – KRAS: Cancer mutation – Activity, ppt
Science Community Forum
(PAG 10 skills)
Transcriptional level: lac operon, and transcription factors in
eukaryotes.
Post-transcriptional level: the editing of primary mRNA and the
removal of introns to produce mature mRNA.
Post-translational level: the activation of proteins by cyclic AMP
Synoptic links:
- Cell signalling
- Manipulating genome


6.1.3 Manipulating 12 hours 6.1.3 Manipulating MRC Cancer Model – Resources:
genome genomes Science Community Forum
(PAG 10 skills) Sanger sequencing – 3D animation (simple explanation)
PCR – 3D animation
PAG 10.1 DNA RasMol – DNA sequencing technologies – Nature Article
OCR suggested activity
Context approach - Introducing gel electrophoresis by reference
to ‘DNA paternity test kits’.
Gel electrophoresis – Video and instructions of how to carry it out
Gel electrophoresis – University of Birmingham
Context approach – News articles on genetic engineering (eg.
The chickens that lay anti- cancer drugs - Article, Salmon fed
genetically modified plants in nutrition trail - Video), Opportunity
to carry out a debate for against genetic engineering and the
implications it will have in society.
Pharming – Background information
Soy natural: genetic resistance against aphids (Opportunity to
develop IAPS)
DNA sequencing, need to know the scientific knowledge and
have an understanding of how it develops over time.
Synoptic links:
- Biological molecules
- Nucleotides and nucleic acids
MCQ- Genetics and evolution

6.1.2 Patterns of 12 hours 6.1.2 Patterns of PAG 12.2 Fruit fly crosses Resources:

Topic 6.2: Cloning and biotechnology

6.2.1 Cloning and 15 hours 6.2.1 Cloning and PAG7 Microbiology Resources:
biotechnology biotechnology OCR suggested activities
Debates on the ethical issues for and against cloning and
biotechnology
Cauliflower cloning – Tissue
Culture and micropropagation Articles on cloning – Scientists have cloned monkeys and it could
– SAPS help treat cancer
Antimicrobial agent – University of Birmingham (Video)
PAG 4 – Enzymes rate of
reactions Additional guidance:
Maths opportunities for growth curves including log growth,
calculating rates of reactions, plotting and interpreting graphs.
Synoptic links:
- Enzymes
- Mutations
- Serial dilutions
MCQ - Cloning and biotechnology

Topic 6.3: Ecosystems

6.3.1 Ecosystems 8 hours 6.3.1 Ecosystems PAG3 Resources:

OCR suggested activities Species diversity – Video (University of Birmingham)
Coral reef succession – National Geographic activity
Biodiversity in your backyard! Energy transfer in ecosystems – STEM learning
– Nuffield foundation
Energy transfer (Catalyst article) – STEM learning
Microbes ate my homework –
Nuffield Foundation Additional guidance:
Maths opportunity to carry out calculations, evaluate and interpret
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root results. Statistical analysis.
nodules of leguminous plants
– Nuffield Foundation Include the following microorganisms: Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter,
Azotobacter and Rhizobium.
Reference to deflected succession.
Synoptic links:
- Measuring biodiversity
- Photosynthesis
- Evolution


6.3.2 Populations 8 hours 6.3.2 Populations Resources:

and sustainability and sustainability
An introduction to population growth – Nature article (Opportunity
to develop IAPS)
Dynamics of predation – Nature article
Prey-predator relationship: provide students with date to plot and
interpret graphs.
Conservation vs preservation discussion to share their thoughts.
Construct a table to discuss the benefits for each and where it
could be applied best.
Masai Mara region – The challenges of a world unique
ecosystem (Data analysis, opportunities for a debate, synopticity
with biodiversity, communicable diseases) An opportunity for
students to read through the information and present to their
peers.
Peat bogs- Resources pack activity
Include the economic, social and ethical reasons for conservation
of biological resources
Include timber production and fishing in the management of an
ecosystem.
Synoptic links:
- Biodiversity
- Classification and evolution
MCQ - Ecosystems

Document updates:
V1.0 2017 Original version
V1.1 February 2019 Addition of section 3.1.3f. Additional notes for: 3.1.2 f, 4.2.1 b, 6.2.1 h
V2.0 June 2019 Addition of Suggested practical work and resources/links in the ‘Notes’ column. Removed learning outcome
column.
V2.1 April 2022 Removal of PAG 9 as a suggested practical work, for spec reference ‘2.1.3 Nucleotides and nucleic acids’

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A Level

Version 2.2 1 © OCR 2023

Specification Suggested Delivery Suggested Practical work Notes

RSB – A closer look at Blood MCQ - Cell

Version 2.1 2 © OCR 2023

Specification Suggested Delivery Suggested Practical work Notes

Version 2.1 3 © OCR 2023

Specification Suggested Delivery Suggested Practical work Notes

MCQ - Nucleic acids

Version 2.1 4 © OCR 2023

Specification Suggested Delivery Suggested Practical work Notes

Version 2.1 5 © OCR 2023

Specification Suggested Delivery Suggested Practical work Notes

MCQ – Biological membranes

Version 2.1 6 © OCR 2023

Specification Suggested Delivery Suggested Practical work Notes

MCQ – Cell division, cell diversity and cellular organisation

Version 2.1 7 © OCR 2023

Module 3: Exchange and transport

Specification Suggested Delivery guide Practical work Notes

3.1.1 Exchange 9 hours 3.1.1 Exchange PAG1.3 Resources:

Version 2.1 8 © OCR 2023

Specification Suggested Delivery guide Practical work Notes

3.1.2 Transport in 11 hours 3.1.2 Transport PAG2.1 OCR suggested Resources:

(continued on next page)

Module 4: Biodiversity, evolution and disease

Specification Suggested Delivery guide Practical work Notes

4.1.1 16 hours 4.1.1 PAG1.2 OCR suggested Resources:

Version 2.1 10 © OCR 2023

Topic 4.2: Biodiversity

Specification Suggested Delivery guide Practical work Notes

4.2.1 Biodiversity 11 hours 4.2.1 Biodiversity PAG3 OCR suggested Resources:

4.2.2 11 hours 4.2.2 Resources:

MCQ- Classification and evolution

Version 2.1 11 © OCR 2023

Module 5: Communication, homeostasis and energy

Specification Suggested Delivery guide Practical work Notes

5.1.2 Excretion as 9 hours 5.1.2 Excretion as PAG 1 Microscopy – Resources:

Version 2.1 12 © OCR 2023

Specification Suggested Delivery guide Practical work Notes

5.1.3 Neuronal 7 hours 5.1.3 Neuronal Measuring reaction time of Resources:

Version 2.1 13 © OCR 2023

Specification Suggested Delivery guide Practical work Notes

MCQ- Communication and homeostasis

Specification Suggested Delivery guide Practical work Notes

Version 2.1 15 © OCR 2023

Specification Suggested Delivery guide Practical work Notes

5.1.5 Plant and Response in animals: Response in animals:

Version 2.1 16 © OCR 2023

Topic 5.2: Energy for biological processes

Specification Suggested Delivery guide Practical work Notes

5.2.1 11 hours 5.2.1 PAG6.3 TLC photosynthetic Resources:

Virtual Lab - Photosynthesis

Version 2.1 17 © OCR 2023

Specification Suggested Delivery guide Practical work Notes

5.2.2 Respiration 18 hours 5.2.2 Respiration Opportunities to design Resources:

PAG10.2 Turbidity (Rate of Synoptic links:

PAG 4 Rates of enzymes MCQ- Respiration

Version 2.1 18 © OCR 2023

Module 6: Genetics, evolution and ecosystems

Specification Suggested Delivery guide Practical work Notes

Version 2.1 19 © OCR 2023