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Beam Column Connections
Beam Column Connections
Jack Moehle
University of California, Berkeley
w
Mpr Mpr Mpr
lc Beam
Vp Vp
lnb
Vp
Mpr
Vcol Beam Section
Vcol
Vb1 Vb2
C1 = Ts2
Ts2 =
1.25Asfy
Vcol
(b) internal stress
resultants acting on joint
Vcol
ACI 352
Joint shear strength
- code-conforming joints -
'
Vu = !Vn = !" f bjh
c
φ = 0.85
Values of γ (ACI 352)
Classification interior exterior corner
/type
cont. column 20 15 12
Roof 15 12 8
ACI 352
Joint Details - Interior
hcol ≥ 20db
ACI 352
Joint Details - Corner
≥ ldh
ACI 352
Code-conforming joints
Older-type beam-column connections
Survey of existing buildings
Mosier
Joint failures
Studies of older-type joints
Lehman
Damage progression
interior connections
80
Measurable Spalling of
Concrete Cover Longitudinal
residual cracks
Yield of Beam Column Bar
60 Exposed
Longitudinal
Reinforcement
40
Column Shear (K)
20
0
20% Reduction
in Envelope
-20
-40
-60
-80
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6
Drift %
Lehman
Effect of load history
interior connections
Column Bar
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6
Story Drift
Lehman
Damage at 5% drift
Standard Loading Impulsive Loading
Lehman
Contributions to drift
interior connections
120
Colum n
100
Percent Contribution
Beam
80
Flexur e
Bar Slip
60
40 Jo int Shear
Cycle Number
Lehman
Evaluation of FEMA-356 Model
interior connections
18
16
Joint Shear Factor
14
12
10
FEMA
8 PEER-14
6 CD15-14
CD30-14
4 PADH-14
PEER-22
2 CD30-22
PADH-22
0
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03
Joint Deformation
Joint shear stiffness
interior connections
Gc Gc /5 Gc /8
Joint shear stress (MPa)
12
20 f c' , psi
10
8
6 20 f c' , psi 10 f c' , psi
4
2
0
0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030
Joint shear strain
Lehman
Joint strength
effect of beam yielding
1600
Joint Stress (psi)
1200
Yield
800
400
Yield
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Drift (%)
• Joint strength closely linked to beam flexural strength
• Plastic deformation capacity higher for lower joint shear
Lehman
Joint strength
interior connections - lower/upper bounds
Joint failure
0.4 without yielding
near 25.5√f’c
0.3
0.1
Beam Hinging/
Beam Bar Slip
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Λ
Lehman
Joint strength
interior connections
3500
3000
Joint Stress (psi)
Joint Failures
2500
2000
1500
1000
10 f c' , psi
500
Beam Failures
0
0 4000 8000 12000 16000
1600
Joint Stress (psi)
envelope 0.2vmax
400
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Drift (%)
Plastic drift capacity
interior connections
v jo int
, psi 30
f c' 25
20
15
10
5
0
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06
Note: the plastic drift angle includes inelastic deformations of the beams
Damage progression
exterior connections
Pantelides, 2002
Joint behavior
exterior connections
15
v jo int 2 Clyde
, psi 6 Clyde
f c' 10 4 Clyde
5 Clyde
5 Pantelides
6 Pantelides
5 6 Hakuto
Priestley longitudinal
Priestley transverse
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 bidirectional
loading
Drift, %
Plastic drift capacity
v jo int
, psi 30 Interior
'
f c
25 Exterior
20
15
10
5
0
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06
Note: the plastic drift angle includes inelastic deformations of the beams
Exterior joint
hook detail
40
Column
shear, 30
kips
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Beres, 1992
Drift ratio, %
Unreinforced Joint Strength
FEMA 356 specifies the following:
σy
τcr
τcr
'
!y
" cr = 6 f c 1# , psi
'
6 f c
Joint failure?
Lateral Deflection, mm
Lateral Load
v j = !f c'
}
0.08
0.10 - 0.18
0.03 - 0.07
0.20 - 0.22
Drift ratio
Range of γ values
0.36
0.06
Interior
0.04 Exterior, hooks bent in
Exterior, hooks bent out
0.02 Corner
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Axial load ratio
Suggested envelope relation
interior connections with continuous beam bars
15
10
8
5
0
0.04 0.02
Note: the plastic drift angle includes inelastic deformations of the beams
Suggested envelope relation
exterior connections with hooked beam bars
Note: the plastic drift angle includes inelastic deformations of the beams
Joint panel deformations
Joint Deformation
Methods of Repair (MOR)
Method of Damage
Activities
Repair States
0. Cosmetic Replace and repair finishes 0-2
Repair
1. Epoxy Injection Inject cracks with epoxy and 3-5
replace finishes
Jack Moehle
University of California, Berkeley