DECISION MAKING

DECISION MAKING
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE -
INTRODUCTION
SESSIONS 1,2 3 AND 4 - THE COMPANY
SESSIONS 5,6,7 AND 8 - TYPES OF COMPANIES
SESSIONS 9, 10 AND 11 - RESOURCES
SESSIONS 12, 13 AND 14 - FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF
THE COMPANY
SESSIONS 15 AND 16 - CASE STUDIES

CHAPTER TWO -
ADMINISTRATIVE PROCESS
SESSIONS 1,2 3 AND 4 - WHAT IS THE
ADMINISTRATIVE PROCESS?
SESSIONS 5,6,7 AND 8 - STAGES OF THE BUSINESS
MANAGEMENT PROCESS
SESSIONS 9, 10, 11 AND 12 -ELEMENTS OF THE
PROCESS
SESSIONS 13, 14,15 AND 16 - CASE STUDIES

CHAPTER THREE - DECISION

MAKING
SESSIONS 1,2,3,4 AND 5 - DECISION MAKING
SESSIONS 6,7,8,9 AND 10 - STEPS IN DECISION
MAKING
SESSIONS 11, 12 AND 13 - LEADERSHIP
SESSION 14 - TEAMWORK
SESSION 15 - MOTIVATION
SESSION 16 - CLOSING

DECISION MAKING
ICONOGRAPHY

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DECISION MAKING
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

DECISION MAKING

1
SESSIONS 1, 2, 3 AND 4
Instructions
Beginning
The teacher will ask the introductory question "What is
a company?" to generate a group concept.
The students will do stolen reading and answer activity
1, which asks for research to have practical examples
of companies that are part of a specific sector.
Development
We will talk about mission and vision as a concept, in
a brainstorming session the students will fill in the
chart about the differences between them.
Closing
Students will analyze the Disney case about its mission
and vision, then generate a vision and mission for a
company that harvests apples and compare them with
their peers.

What is the importance of decision making for a

company?
Before we can answer this question we must know
the basic concepts that will be mentioned
throughout the three chapters.

Let's start by talking about the company.

What is a company?
The concept refers to an organization or
institution, which is dedicated to the production
or provision of goods or services that are
demanded by consumers; obtaining from this
activity an economic revenue, that is to say, a
profit

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It should be understood that these profits are
different according to the activities carried out by
the company.

They are differentiated in:

Primary sector. Its area of action is the primary

sector if it uses as raw material any element
obtained directly from nature. An example in
this case would be the companies producing
wheat, or any other harvested product.

Secondary sector. If instead it covers the

secondary sector, its task will be based on the
conversion of raw material obtained through
third parties, in a final and total product
capable of being sold in the market.

Tertiary sector. But there is also a third sector

in charge of both the commercialization of
products manufactured entirely by other
companies (suppliers), and the supply of
services for the satisfaction of desires and
needs.
ACTIVITY 1
Find an example from each of the
sectors we have just mentioned and
generate a product map.
From the primary producer to the
tertiary sector.

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No matter what industry a company is in, it should
always have a mission and vision, but what is
that?

The mission and vision are postulates through

which the objectives to be achieved in the medium
and long term are stated.
Together they describe the identity and the
theoretical basis of an organization, company or
brand.

Both have characteristics that distinguish them, so

they should not be confused, but they should be
formulated together because it is important that
they are consistent with each other and that they
foresee the situations that may occur within a
certain period of time.

The mission describes the motive or raison d'être

of an organization, company or institution. It
focuses on the objectives to be achieved in the
present. It must be defined in a precise and
concrete way to guide the work group on a daily
basis.For example: The mission of a car company
is to improve the quality of automobiles.

The vision describes an ideal expectation of

what the organization is expected to be or
achieve in the future. It should be realistic, but
can be ambitious; its function is to guide and
motivate the group to continue with the work.
For example: The vision of the aforementioned
company is to become the best quality
automobile producer in the local market.

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ACTIVITY 2
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
THE MISSION AND THE VISION?
RESEARCH THE DIFFERENCES AND FILL
IN THE FOLLOWING TABLE WITH THE
INFORMATION.

Mission Vision

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 DISNEY'S MISSION AND
VISION ANALYSIS

The Walt Disney Similarly, the entertainment

Company’s international and media company’s vision
popularity is a result of statement specifies
effective strategic leadership for the business.
management that applies However, as in the case of
a mission statement and many other companies,
a vision statement suited Disney can improve its
to the entertainment, corporate vision and
amusement park, and mission statements to suit
mass media industries. In the needs of the business,
theory, the corporate and to address current
mission determines what trends affecting the
the business organization industry. For example,
does. On the other hand, adding more detail to the
the corporate vision sets corporate mission
the direction of growth statement and corporate
and development, vision statement can better
pertaining to a desired guide strategic
future condition of the management for expanding
business. This business Disneyland and other parks
analysis case of The Walt and resorts. Such
Disney Company involves improvements can open new
a mission statement that opportunities for the
focuses on industry corporation’s development
leadership. in entertainment, media,
and beyond.

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The Walt Disney Company’s corporate mission is “to
entertain, inform and inspire people around the
globe through the power of unparalleled
storytelling, reflecting the iconic brands, creative
minds and innovative technologies that make ours
the world’s premier entertainment company.”
This mission statement describes the main aspects of
Disney’s business, as follows:
1. Entertainment, information, inspiration
2. Global market reach
3. Unparalleled and premier status
4. Storytelling, branding, creativity, and innovative
technologies
The first aspect of the corporate mission statement
defines the kinds of activities in Disney’s business
operations. The company provides entertainment (e.g.,
Disney amusement/theme parks and resorts, Pixar
movies), information (e.g., National Geographic
documentaries), and inspiration (e.g., inspiring
individuals and events through ESPN and other
programs). This aspect influences Disney’s marketing
mix or 4Ps, particularly its product mix. The mission
statement also specifies that the company targets the
global market for entertainment and information
products. In addition, the unparalleled and premier
status stated in the corporate mission refers to world
leadership, which affects the formulation of The Walt
Disney Company’s generic competitive strategy and
intensive growth strategies.
On the other hand, the fourth aspect pertains to the
processes used to create and deliver value to
customers, such as storytelling to deliver a rewarding
entertainment experience. This aspect of the corporate
mission statement helps define Disney’s corporate
organizational structure in terms of business functional
grouping.

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These factors of the corporate mission statement are
also reflected in the company’s vision statement’s
specification on entertainment and information.

The Walt Disney Company’s corporate vision is “to be

one of the world’s leading producers and providers
of entertainment and information.” This vision
statement shows industry leadership as a target for
strategic management, and provides an overview of the
nature of the business. Disney’s corporate vision
statement has the following main factors:
1. World market
2. Leadership as a producer and provider
3. Entertainment and information

This corporate vision statement’s first factor is a

specification of the entertainment company’s global
market scope. On the other hand, similar to the
corporate mission statement, the second factor of the
vision statement shows that The Walt Disney Company
focuses on being a top player in the global market for
amusement parks, entertainment, and mass media
products. Attainment of this goal requires effective
competitive advantages and management to address
the level of competition determined in the Porter’s Five
Forces analysis of Disney. The company needs to
strategically develop competitive products that suit
new trends in the media industry. In addition, the third
factor of the corporate vision focuses on the types of
business outputs, such as entertainment products like
movies and TV series. Therefore, Disney’s corporate
vision statement is a reflection of the corporate
mission statement.

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ACTIVITY 3
We have already read and analyzed the
Disney case, it is time to work in
teams of 6 to generate your own
mission and vision for a company that
harvests apples.
Share it with the group and analyze
the differences between all the
different teams.

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SESSIONS 5, 6, 7 AND 8
Instructions
Beginning
The teacher will brainstorm the types of companies
that exist and ask students for 5 examples of
companies they know.
Development
They will read about the types of companies out loud
and in teams of three will look for an example of each
of the types of companies already mentioned on the
official website of the Ministry of Economy.
Students will look for an example of a local and a
national company to compare them and analyze what
the local company needs to generate growth, continue
reading about the other classifications of companies
and look for an example of a successful mixed
company.
Closing
Finally, in 6 teams, each team will generate a trivia
with questions that explain each of the classifications.
Students can make kahoots, jeopardys or normal trivia
for the whole group.

TYPES OF COMPANIES
There is a great variety of companies according to
their type, in all classifications there are other
classifications. This is due to the large number of
variables that exist within the business world, and
the complexity of how a given company is formed.

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There is a great variety of companies according to
their type, in all classifications there are other
classifications. This is due to the large number of
variables that exist within the business world, and
the complexity of how a given company is formed.

Companies according to their scale

A company can be classified according to its scale
(level of employees, expansion and economic
power). Although some organizations can evolve or
involute depending on their level of profits
acquired in a certain period of time.

Large companies have more than 50 employees

Medium-sized companies, with 21 to 50
employees.
Small companies, with 6 to 20 employees.
Micro-companies are those with between 1 and 5
employees.

ACTIVITY 4
In teams of 3, find an example of each
of the types of
companies according to size on the
official website of the Federal Secretary
of Economy.
Show your examples to the group in a
dynamic presentation

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By their scope of action
There is a classification of companies depending on
the geographic scope in which they carry out their
activities. These include:

Local companies are those companies that sell

their products or services within a given locality.

National companies operate within a country.

Multinational/international companies are

located in one country, but sell their products or
services in different countries. These
organizations export goods and have significant
foreign trade relationships that solidify their
presence and production.

Transnational corporations are not only

established in one country, but are also
incorporated in other parts of the world. The
purpose of setting up several places of operation
is to fulfill distribution, sales and production
processes in the countries where they are
established.

By legal form
This classification focuses on the identity that a
company legally assumes. This determines the
number of partners, capital and type of
responsibility of each of the persons involved in the
management of the company.
Some of the legal forms in which companies are
classified are:

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By their scope of action
There is a classification of companies depending on
the geographic scope in which they carry out their
activities. These include:

Local companies are those companies that sell

their products or services within a given locality.

National companies operate within a country.

Multinational/international companies are

located in one country, but sell their products or
services in different countries. These
organizations export goods and have significant
foreign trade relationships that solidify their
presence and production.

Transnational corporations are not only

established in one country, but are also
incorporated in other parts of the world. The
purpose of setting up several places of operation
is to fulfill distribution, sales and production
processes in the countries where they are
established.

By legal form
This classification focuses on the identity that a
company legally assumes. This determines the
number of partners, capital and type of
responsibility of each of the persons involved in the
management of the company.
Some of the legal forms in which companies are
classified are:

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Natural person is the company constituted by a
single autonomous person, also known as
"entrepreneur", who is the maximum responsible
for any financial and legal situation within the
organization. Therefore, he/she is the only one
who receives the benefits of such business.
Partnership or civil association is the company
formed by the union of several people to carry
out business activities together. In this sense,
all its members are responsible for all profits
and debts.
Persona moral is the union of two or more
individuals to obtain the benefits of a lucrative
commercial activity. In this type of company, the
responsibilities, risks and corporate purpose
must be divided, according to a prior agreement
between the persons involved.
Cooperative is a legal scheme that refers to
companies that are created to cover the
socioeconomic needs of their owners.
Limited partnership is a partnership with two
types of partners: general partners with
unlimited liability and limited partners with
limited capital contribution liabilities.

ACTIVITY 5
In teams research an example
of a national and a local
company.
What is needed for the local
company to grow?
Generate a dialogue with your
teammates.

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By market share
Market share is the percentage or share that a
company obtains from the sale of a product or
service in relation to the total sales of that
product or service in a specific territory and
during a specific period. This type of company is
classified as follows:

Aspiring company This company is characterized

by having a strategy aimed at expanding its
share vis-à-vis the leader and other competing
companies. Its performance depends on its
commercial objectives.
Specialized company Specialized companies
respond to very particular needs in a given
market segment. They can operate in conditions
of near monopoly; therefore, they must be
relatively large companies in order to have a
high level of profitability.
Leading company Leading companies, as their
name suggests, set the standard in all aspects
of the business: price, advertising, innovation,
logistics, etc. It is usually a "model" business
that other smaller companies seek to imitate.
Follower company This type of company does not
have sufficient profitability or share level to
alarm or attract the attention of a leading
company in the common market.

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By source of capital
This type of company is classified according to the
type of capital it receives or uses for its
management.

Private companies are those whose capital and

investments come from private individuals who
wish to obtain profitability and benefits through
their commercial activities.
Public companies are those which, as opposed to
private companies, receive investments from the
State's coffers. They are usually businesses that
provide services to society and do not have to
involve profits for any private individual.
A mixed company is one that has both public and
private capital; this occurs when public
investment does not cover the complete needs
for the company to carry out its activities.
Therefore, they can receive support from private
investment to effectively execute their
processes.

ACTIVITY 6
Find an example of a successful mixed
company and tell us about the capital it
has.

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For its labor scheme

Companies with on-site work only perform their

activities at the company's facilities. This
generally occurs because of the type of
operations performed (which require physical
labor or constant cooperation between teams).

Companies with remote work are organizations

that favor flexible work in which workers can
perform their activities from home at the times
established by the company or according to
objectives that the employee must meet (without
taking into account hourly quotas).

Companies with mixed work rotate their

activities in person and remotely according to
the needs that arise (for example, a meeting
with clients or a group dynamic). It may also be
the case that some employees always work from
home and others have to come to the company's
headquarters, depending on the nature of their
work.

ACTIVITY 7
Divide into 6 teams, each team must
generate a trivia with questions that
explain one of the classifications.
You can make kahoots, jeopardys or
normal trivia for your whole group.

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SESSIONS 9, 10 AND 11

Instructions
Beginning
The teacher will explain the concept of resources and
begin to talk about the types of resources that exist.
They will watch the video on human resource
management and take note of 5 points of relevance.
Development
The group will be divided into three parts and each
team will read and explain one type of resource with
simple examples.
Closing
To close the session, the student is asked to generate
a diagram with all the resources and integrate 3
examples of each one, with a brief description.

RESOURCES
The resources of a company are those tools with
which an organization develops its objectives; they
are the resources that, through a management
process, contribute directly to the achievement of
the established goals.
The importance of a company's
resources lies in the contributions
they make, both individually and as
a whole, for the execution of the
company's objectives. Thus,

it will be important to manage them in a correct

and timely manner, since certain resources may
contribute to obtaining new and different
resources, thus optimizing the productive
operations of the company.

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 HUMAN RESOURCES
Human resources comprise all the individuals
involved in the organization, who are responsible
for organizing, monitoring and developing
operations. They perform a certain task and are
paid by means of a monetary payment, called
salary.

The work that can be performed by each worker

will correspond to the level of specialization that
he/she has, therefore, within the company there
will be different positions and specific sectors.
All these workers operate individually developing
their activity, and together they carry out the
production operations, therefore they are a very
important resource for the company.
These resources are to be administered by the
department of the same name.

ACTIVITY 8
Watch the following video of human
resource management and write down 5
points of relevance.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=eiLRZfcHovA

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 MATERIAL RESOURCES

Material resources are comprised of raw materials,

machinery, infrastructure and inputs used for the
production of products; thus, they are part of the
tangible assets owned by the company.

These resources contribute directly to production

operations and are of utmost importance, since
they have a direct impact on the final result of the
production process.

FINANCIAL RESOURCES

These resources consist of cash, bank deposits,

loans, checks, profits, liquid assets, shareholders'
contributions, among others.

In other words, financial resources are part of the

whole set of assets with a certain degree of
liquidity, i.e., with the capacity to be transformed
into cash. In this way, they are the main means for
making investments in an organization, and since
they are the mainstay of the organization, they
require detailed management.

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TECHNOLOGICAL RESOURCES
Technological resources
are comprised of all the
means that use
technology to carry out
the productive operations
of the organization.
These resources can be
tangible, that is,
physically present; or
intangible, those that This type of resources
are invisible or do not provides a high degree of
have a palpable physical benefit and usefulness,
representation. since they facilitate the
execution of a high
The use of technological volume of tasks and
resources facilitates the processes that for the
performance of human being could be
activities, since they are considered complicated.
considered tools whose The implementation of
purpose is to optimize these resources allows
the efficiency in the companies to save large
performance of costs, increasing their
operations, providing productivity and
information, saving time, benefiting their economy.
etc.

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An example of this resource is patents.
A patent is an exclusive right granted by the
State for the protection of an invention, which
provides exclusive rights that will allow you to
use and exploit your invention and prevent third
parties from using it without your consent. If
you choose not to exploit the patent, you can
sell it or assign the rights to another company
to market it under license.

ACTIVITY 9
Generate a diagram with all the resources
and integrate 3 examples of each one, with
a brief description.

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SESSIONS 12, 13 AND 14
Instructions
Beginning
The master will generate a stolen reading on the
functional parts of the company.
Development
Students will watch the video and find a practical
example of each of the areas of a company and discuss
them.
Closing
Students will analyze several examples, write down
the name of the area in charge of solving each of the
situations.

FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF THE

COMPANY

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Within a company, tasks must be divided in order
to be fulfilled successfully. For this reason, there
are functional areas of the company, which allow
to delimit the actions to be carried out.
All the departments of the company that work
efficiently, these are delimited according to the
organizational structure, continue reading this
post until the end and find out everything you need
to know and much more.

Management
It is directly related to the general process of the
company, since its direct function is to ensure that
everything is kept running. To do this, it is often
necessary to use a comparative chart to have each
point under control.

One way of looking at management is as a control

post that watches over the rest of the areas.

Human Resources
This area is in charge of recruiting new personnel
that will be part of the company, either in senior
positions or in those that represent direct labor.
They are the ones designated to manage the
personnel and the organization, in addition to
everything related to their payments or the
benefits that correspond to them, so within what
are the functional areas of the company they play
a very important role.

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 Production
At this point is where they assume the role of
production corresponding to the goods and
services of the company in which they work. Their
work consists of transforming the raw material into
the final product.
Within the functional areas of the company, this is
where it is necessary to control the quality of
everything that comes out, since it is necessary to
select the best inputs that will go to the market or
to the hands of the suppliers.

Finance or Accounting
They deal with the accounting records of the
company, the administrative process is a vital
factor in any company because it corresponds to
the expenses and sales, in addition to the
accounting records are documents that must be
submitted to the law or any audit.
They must issue payments to suppliers, keep
control of the books and also the payment of
employees and taxes when applicable.

Technology
This is one of the most important departments
today, it seeks the implementation of new
machinery that facilitates the operation of
everything in addition to streamlining different
processes.
It makes it possible for everyone to be intertwined
and for communication to improve among all
workers.

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 Marketing and Sales
What is marketing works in attracting customers or
investors in the business through advertising
campaigns, while sales are oriented to the direct
acquisition of the product in question.
Both points are what allow the company's profits
to go up or down. Taking all this into account, the
correct organization of the company is vital, which
is why opting for some training courses in this
field is a great solution.

ACTIVITY 10
With the help of this video, look for
practical examples of activities
performed by each of the areas
mentioned above.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kZO-
gdWQRlk
Write it down here.

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 ACTIVITY 11
Below we will give several examples, write
the name of the area in charge of solving
each of the situations.

Transformation of raw materials into finished or

semi-finished products.( )
Control of collections and payments, cash and
banks.( )
Accounting record of operations.( )
Market knowledge, supplier selection. ( )
Research of new technologies. ( )
Stock management. ( )
Market research. ( )
Recruitment. ( )
Organization and management of resources and
tasks. ( )
Control of results, assumption of responsibilities.(
)

(1) Management.
(2) Production.
(3) Finance.
(4) Marketing.
(5) Human Resources.

27
CHAPTER 2
ADMINISTRATIVE PROCESS

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SESSIONS 1, 2, 3, 4

Instructions
Beginning
The teacher will ask the introductory question "What is
an administrative process?
Development
Students will read each of the elements of the process
and look for examples together.
They will generate a diagram exemplifying each of the
elements.
Closing
Finally, they will read about one of the phases of the
process and perform the activity on stating business
objectives.

WHAT IS THE ADMINISTRATIVE

PROCESS?
The purpose of the business management process is
to set the tone within the organization, in order to
establish the course of how the company will
conduct itself. For this purpose, guidelines must
be defined to prevent the entire structure of the
company from spending time and effort on
activities that are not productive in terms of
profitability.

The implementation of this type of processes

streamlines all the administrative stages of a
company in order to carry them out in the shortest
possible time, with the best quality and efficiency
through technology.

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Administrative processes play a relevant role in
the management of a company, since they will set
the guidelines to follow in order to achieve the
objectives established by the management in a
given period. In addition, they will have the
elements for better decision making.

This will allow the organization to dictate a

course and measure the degree of efficiency
achieved with respect to your goals. This means a
reduction in resources consumed, by redistributing
those savings to implement them in some other
area of the company that needs your attention and
avoiding superfluous expenses.
Likewise, by having a
structured plan, the
company will be able
to plan for the future
at all times, since by
considering the
possible scenarios, the
actions to be taken in
the short, medium or
long term will already
be stipulated.
In many cases, it also means an increase in
productivity, since it improves coordination among
the members of the work team, preventing the
occurrence of events that break management
schemes. Therefore, it will reduce the number of
improvised measures that can be established and
result in incorrect decisions for the operation of
the company.

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ELEMENTS OF THE BUSINESS
MANAGEMENT PROCESS

1 2 3 4

1 Mechanical or structural elements

This is where the objectives and goals of the

company are set. It includes the means by which
you intend to reach those goals and the route of
action, through a plan that contains in a
comprehensive and objective manner the main
activities to be carried out and has to do with the
elements within the business model, ranging from
who the audience is, the methods to attract it,
what the company offers and how to get the offer
to the market.

Dynamic or operational elements

This is where the company's internal machinery is

put into action, with the employees being the main
responsible for the realization of the plan, thus
ensuring the correct functioning of the company.
The elements have to do with processes, work
flows, organization chart, commands, areas, work
teams.

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 1 2 3 4

3 Production elements
They have to do with the supply chain: from what
your company requires to operate and produce to
your role within a productive chain in the economy
of your locality or country.
The elements have to do with raw materials,
transportation, inventories, distribution channels,
physical or online stores, among others.

Human elements

It refers to everything that has to do with people

and your organization's interaction with them.
Focused on human talent, which is the main
element that must be administered and managed
for the company to differentiate itself from the
rest of the competition.

5 Information elements

Here we consider the intangible elements that are

increasingly important in the business world, i.e.
data, indicators, metrics, analytics, consumer
behavior and other information that you have at
hand and that must be managed to strengthen the
organization.

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ACTIVITY 1
You have a company that sells bottled
water, generate a diagram with an
example of each of the elements already
mentioned, which will help you in your
company.

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STAGES OF THE BUSINESS
MANAGEMENT PROCESS

Planning
In this stage you define the objectives to be
achieved, as well as the strategies to be
established to reach them. A document of the plan
to be followed must be prepared, in which all
future activities of the administrative process will
be included, as well as the deadlines and times
that each area of the company must comply with.

Planning is essential to have a correct view of the

business behavior and thus to have order, follow-
up and verification of the actions. It can consider
policies, procedures, workflows, budgets and
everything that positively or negatively affects the
inside of the organization and its external
operation.

ACTIVITY 2
Read the following blog post and
following the steps write 4 objectives
for your bottled water company.
Present your objectives to your group.

https://thedigitalprojectmanager.com/p
roject-objectives/

DECISION MAKING
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SESSIONS 5,6,7 AND 8

Instructions
Beginning
The teacher will continue to talk about the parts of the
process, tell them about the organization and ask for
two random examples.
Development
Students will generate their own flow chart and discuss
personnel management.
Closing
They will analyze the difference between a boss and a
leader and read about control.

Organization Each work area must

Here you must comply with the plan
establish who, when drawn up by the
and how each task management, so that
proposed in the each link of the company
planning stage will develops in a
be carried out, either synchronized manner. You
by forming work must provide the
groups or assigning necessary tools for the
individualized tasks assignments that
according to their correspond to them
skills and within the administrative
capabilities. plan.

DECISION MAKING 35
As you already have the processes and workflows
in sight, you can organize functions, levels,
commands, deliveries, work teams, always taking
into account the objectives. In this phase you can
ask yourself: how is the work divided and who does
what?

ACTIVITY 3
Generate your own workflow for a
company that sells cakes and pastries,
order the tasks and which area will be
in charge of them.

Management
The person who leads an organization must fulfill
two aspects: harmony and balance in a team, since
this phase involves leadership, communication,
motivation and needs.
The management phase involves the execution of
plans already assigned to a team.

DECISION MAKING
36
And this depends on the influence of the manager
and his motivation, communication and supervision
of his team so that it achieves its objectives.
In conclusion, it is putting
human resources into action.
Management has the
following elements for the
achievement of objectives:

Execution of plans in accordance with the

organizational structure.
Motivation.
Guidance or conduction of subordinates' efforts.
Communication
Supervision.
Achieving the goals of the organization

ACTIVITY 3
To meet the objectives we have seen, do
we need a boss or a leader?
Investigate the difference between them
and discuss the various practices you
would put to the test in order to achieve
your objectives

Integration
Although some theorists speak of only four stages
of the administrative process, it is appropriate to
add one more phase that has to do with action.
This is precisely the integration of everything else.

DECISION MAKING
37
 In this case there is a coordination of
what the plan contemplates, of what
has been organized and of what has
been established as to how to do it, in
order to put it into action.
Your general and particular strategies are
contemplated here. The question for this stage is:
what will be done, by whom and with what should
it be done, what will be the strategies to achieve
it?
Control
Here we begin to monitor the established plan
through the measurement and analysis of a series
of indicators (KPIs are generally used). It is one of
the most important stages, since most companies
operate in volatile environments, so its recurrent
review and analysis is relevant to know the
performance and impact of the implemented
administrative processes. It contributes to analyze
the highest and lowest points, their causes and
possible improvements.

Here you can establish different

filters to verify the quality of
your products and services, your
processes, your dealings with
customers, etc.

Control allows you to set standards for

observation, follow-up and verification, as well as
policies and measures for course correction, if
necessary. The question for this phase is: how was
it done and was it done well?

DECISION MAKING
38
SESSIONS 9,10, 11 AND 12

Instructions
Beginning
The teacher will talk to them about the
characteristics of the administrative process and
they will get together in teams to research further
and create an infographic.
Development
Students will read aloud the case of the candy
store and the teacher will make a diagram
explaining each of the parts involved.
Closing
Students will generate their own administrative
process and present it to their peers.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
ADMINISTRATIVE PROCESS
Some of the characteristics of the administrative
process are.
It grants control and management to all the
resources in an effective way.
It is integrated by a set of elements that
intervene to achieve the proposed objectives,
which not only depend on the company
administrators but also on those who surround
them.
It can be used in any company that wishes to
use it, regardless of its multiple characteristics.
It expresses the goals and objectives of the
organization or company.

DECISION MAKING
39
With this process, the management is aware of
each of the operations, errors and good
decisions.
It provides real data on the resources available
to them.
It is flexible and may involve some relevant
changes.
This process reflects the division of labor,
through its classification in functional areas.
It comprises 4 stages, where each one leads to
the other.
All sectors of the company are linked to achieve
objectives.
It has a determined time in which all the
progress of the work can be observed.
It makes the best use of monetary, material and
human resources.

ACTIVITY 4
Now that you know the characteristics, in
teams of 3 people research a little more
about the process and generate an
infographic where you explain it
concisely.

DECISION MAKING
40
THE CANDY STORE CASE

Next we will see the case of a candy company and

its administrative process.

Planning: the work team decides to produce a

new type of candy, for which it needs to lease
150 square meters, buy ovens and mixers, hire
nutritionists to meet various standards, find
distributors and have accountants analyze the
capital.

Organization: purchasing is delegated to one

team and cookie manufacturing to another.

Direction: Managers give orders to manufacture

6,000 candies in a week for distribution to
retail stores.

Control: the executives inform the manager of

the advantages and disadvantages of the
process carried out. Some corrections are also
established and quality control is carried out.

DECISION MAKING
41
BENEFITS OF THE CORRECT
APPLICATION OF THE
ADMINISTRATIVE PROCESS
Let's take a look at some of the benefits of using
the processes correctly:
It is a practical and methodological guide for
business administration.
It allows systematizing and controlling
continuous operations.
It lays the foundations for structuring
(organizing) the work and dividing it into
departments and hierarchies according to the
needs and resources of the companies.
It allows to establish a system of selection of
individuals according to the needs of the
company.
It facilitates the development of work skills and
competencies.
It makes management possible, by giving
strategy and control to the person who leads it.
It empowers the analysis of problems for their
solution.
It provides the basis to apply the scientific
method for the improvement of the company or
its rethinking.
It is an important instrument for the
reorganization of the company.

ACTIVITY 5
In teams generate an example of a step-
by-step administrative process and
present it to your peers.

DECISION MAKING
42
SESSIONS 13, 14, 15 AND 16
Instructions
Beginning
The teacher will review the concepts seen during the
chapter and discuss the stages of the process.
Development
The students will meet in teams and analyze each of
the two case studies.
Closing
They will complete them and discuss them with the
whole group, generating conclusions as a group..

CASE STUDIES

CASE ONE

There is a company dedicated to

the sale of clothing.
Briefly explain the activities you
would perform at each stage of
the Administrative Process.

DECISION MAKING
43
 Planning: Set short-term strategic objectives,
establish a good planning, create policies and
rules that help to form a company.
Organizing:

Management:

Control:

2. What resources do you think the company

needs to establish itself? Explain.

Physical or material resources:

Financial resource:

Human resources:

DECISION MAKING
44
CASE TWO
Mr. Reinaldo Ramírez, a 40-year-old lawyer,
bought the CROISSAN bakery, motivated by the
desire to have his own business that would
generate employment for his family and improve his
income. Four of Mr. Reinaldo's cousins work full
time in the bakery in the production area, with
whom he has negotiated to pay a full salary of $
500,000. The bakery has changed bakers six times
in recent years because they gave
recommendations to Mr. Reinaldo, which in the end
were found to benefit the employees and not the
bakery; some of the bakers are working in other
bakeries where they earn better salaries. The
bakers are not affiliated with any social security
system because they do not consider it important;
they have proposed that the money that the
employer should allocate for this commitment be
given to them.
The bakers generally learn the trade once they join
Croissant, through courses offered by the
suppliers. The bakery produces the bakery, pastry,
and cafeteria lines; production capacity is 40%
utilized. During the last 3 years the bakery has
maintained the same variety of products in points
of sale. Mr. Reinaldo's wife works as a cashier and
salesperson in the bakery; sometimes she decides
to buy raw materials in cash to take advantage of
discounts; however, when Mr. Reinaldo asks her
about cash to pay salaries for the fortnight and
other commitments, she encounters difficulties due
to lack of money.

DECISION MAKING
45
The bakers are the ones who decide on the
products and quantities to be produced daily;
there are frequent arguments between the two
spouses because sales opportunities are lost due
to the lack of products on the shelves.
The business was visited by a public health
representative, who established sanctions for
finding that the bakers do not have the required
supplies. The bakery is frequently visited by store
owners and school cafeterias in neighboring
neighborhoods.

You have been hired by Mr. Reinaldo as

Administrative Advisor to assist him in:
Analyze the current situation of the company,
2. Elaborate all the phases of the strategic
planning process.
3. Conclusions

DECISION MAKING
46
47
CHAPTER 3
DECISION MAKING

DECISION MAKING

48
SESSIONS 1,2, 3, 4 AND 5

Instructions
Beginning
The teacher will ask "should decision making be
studied?" and generate a discussion and explain what
decision making is and ask the students to think about
the last three decisions they have made.
Development
Then in pairs they will read about the importance of
decision making.
Closing
Students will generate team dynamics on the types of
decisions for the group..

WHAT IS DECISION MAKING?

Decision-making is the process in which an
individual or group of individuals must choose
among several options. This process is activated
when a conflict or situation that requires a
specific action must be resolved.
Making this choice may involve a more or less
transcendental step, there are routine decisions or
those considered of little importance, but there
are also some that involve a lot of responsibility
for those who make them and that can be very
decisive.

DECISION MAKING

49
In a company, it is the management who makes the
most important decisions, but all its members, in
one way or another, have to make decisions on a
day-to-day basis to carry out actions that
ultimately affect the company, however small they
may be.

Depending on the size of

the company, one type of
decision will be more
common than another.
While in large companies
it is possible that some
of the most important
decisions are delegated,
in SMEs these are usually
taken by smaller groups
of people. Whatever the
modality, the process must be flexible to adapt to
possible changes, as well as taking into account
different approaches that can enrich it.

ACTIVITY
Individually think of 3 decisions you
have made recently. Was it easy to make
decisions? Is decision making important
in your daily life?
Write them down and discuss them with
your classmates.

DECISION MAKING

50
WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF
DECISION MAKING?
Throughout our lives, External factors such as
both personally and pressure, lack of time,
professionally, we will the responsibility
encounter the need to involved in a specific
make decisions. The vital choice... can lead us to
need to take a step in what is known as
one direction or another 'paralysis by analysis'.
that leads us to find a Because analysis when
solution or alternative to making any type of
a problem or situation decision is
that requires it. fundamental, but
sometimes, facing
Whether they are minor or decision making from
major, the decision- fear can block us and
making process is not lead us to avoid making
always easy and will be any type of choice,
influenced by our responsibility or
character, the way we commitment.
face things and, of
course, the context in
which we find ourselves.
All this in a global and
changing environment
and with clients (in the
case of having them or
looking for them), more
and more active and
demanding.

DECISION MAKING

51
Therefore, to make decisions is to assume
responsibilities, which implies a certain degree of
risk when uncertainty comes into play. A changing
environment or situation can shake our decision
and jeopardize the expected results, but we must
bear in mind that there are techniques and tools
that help us to define and execute decisions in
which data analysis and strategic vision will be
fundamental.

THE TYPES OF DECISIONS

DECISIONS
BY METHOD
USED
DECISIONS
CORPORATE ACCORDING
DECISIONS TO WHO IS
INVOLVED

DECISION MAKING

52
CORPORATE DECISIONS

These are decisions made by

STRATEGIC senior executives or people
OR with certain responsibilities
PLANNING with the objective of improving
DECISIONS performance and obtaining
benefits.

TACTICAL These are usually made by

OR middle management and involve
PILOTING the implementation of strategic

DECISIONS decisions.

These are decisions that are

OPERATIONAL usually made by lower-level
OR executives, whether supervisors
REGULATORY or managers, and are related
DECISIONS to functional and routine
activities.

DECISION MAKING

53
DECISIONS BY METHOD USED

Routine or programmed
decisions
These are repetitive and
routine decisions, generally of
little importance, predictable
and for which there is already
an established method or
procedure to know what type
of actions to execute. They
are included in the
operational decisions.

Emergency or risk
decisions
These are decisions that must
be taken in more or less
critical moments or in
moments of deep crisis. In
general, they occur
exceptionally and their
consequences can be very
decisive, so it is essential to
evaluate their possible
consequences.

DECISION MAKING

54
DECISIONS ACCORDING TO
WHO IS INVOLVED
Individual decisions
These are decisions made by any member of the
company on a day-to-day basis. In general, they
are made in a quick and agile manner, the
responsibility is exclusive to the decision-maker
and they require a certain degree of control,
since there may be a risk of incurring in mistakes
that have already been made, since there are no
other approaches from third parties.

Decisions by consultation
In this case, a manager or group of managers
consult other team members for their perspective
or opinion on the situation in order to be able to
make the decision.

Group decisions
Unlike decisions by consultation, in this type of
decision, in addition to asking for that opinion,
those team members are invited to participate in
the discussion and in the definition of
alternatives that lead to making the best
decision.

DECISION MAKING

55
ACTIVITY
In teams of 5 generate a dynamic to
explain the types of decisions to their
partners, it can be: games, kahoots,
role-playing.

56
SESSIONS 6,7,8,9 AND 10

Instructions
Beginning
The teacher will explain each of the steps of decision
making, allowing students to give practical examples
of each step.
Development
In teams they will choose a problem and solve it
following the methodology.
Closing
They will read and analyze the case study in teams and
complete what is requested.

DECISION-MAKING STEPS

There are a series of steps that are important to

follow when making a decision:

Identify and define the problem: we will

analyze the situation to detect which is
the problem or circumstance that requires
a solution. It implies analyzing the entire
context, obstacles, conditioning factors,
objectives or results sought, etc.

Gather relevant information: we have to

gather information that allows us to
propose solutions free of value judgments,
as objectively as possible.

DECISION MAKING

57
 Identify and analyze alternatives: once the
problem or situation has been defined, we
must identify, analyze and compare all the
alternatives or proposed solutions that may
be useful.

Anticipate results and weigh the impact of

the alternative: at this stage we can use
tools such as SWOT analysis to observe the
strengths and weaknesses of the proposed
alternatives and thus assess which one is
more viable.
Select an alternative: this is a step of
some weight and responsibility, but it will
be favored if we previously define some
criteria for decision making (we will
observe if it is an individual or consensual
choice, if it requires external advice)

Carrying out the decision: when we

implement a solution or alternative, we
must first notify all the people and/or
factors involved.

Review and monitor: once we are

implementing our solution, we should follow
up to keep everything under control. This
feedback is key to adapt or make
adjustments if the situation requires it, both
in the process and in the resources or
people involved.

DECISION MAKING

58
 Evaluate the results: once our solution has
been implemented, we will have to evaluate
the results obtained and whether they are
satisfactory.
It will be essential to document the entire process,
taking into account whether our expectations have
been met and the objectives have been resolved. In
addition, a complete final report should indicate
what factors were involved in the decision-making
process and how they influenced it. It will be
useful to include the methods used and the data
used, as they can be useful for future projects and
for automating tasks.

ACTIVITY
In teams come up with a problem that
requires a solution, share it with your
teammates and let them solve it
according to the decision making steps.

DECISION MAKING

59
CASE OF STUDY

Alfredo Pérez has managed the company "productos

alimenticios, S.A." since its foundation in 1990.
The company manufactures pasta, cookies, flour
and edible oil, and started with a capital of 78
million. Last year's sales were 119 million and the
profit was 5 million. The factory started with 26
workers and 6 employees who performed
administrative and sales tasks and currently has
122 workers and 24 employees.
At the beginning of its operations, the company
was organized as follows: General Manager: Mr.
Alfredo Pérez, Accountant: Mr. Jaime Herrera,
Plant Manager: Mr. Arturo Sandoval, Sales
Manager: Mr. Rodrigo Castro, and from the
beginning, Mr. Pérez liked to make decisions in all
areas and directly supervise the smooth running of
the factory.

During the first 14 years

the company
manufactured good
quality products at low
costs, which allowed it
to obtain a good position
in the market,
magnificent profits and
continuous growth.

DECISION MAKING

60
At present the above mentioned people continue in
their functions and of course their salaries have
been increased, but also their responsibilities, and
some time ago it was necessary to hire 2 more
employees to take charge of other functions such
as: Human Capital Manager; Mr. Luis Prieto and
Head of Credit and Collections; Ms. Margarita
Mejia. Lately the company has not been performing
well, sales have dropped, there are a large number
of rejections, continuous personnel turnover and
loss of materials, and Engineer Perez is extremely
concerned, so he has hired you to advise him and
help him improve the company's situation.
According to the interviews conducted with the
managers, you obtained the following information:

a) The sales manager believes that sales have

decreased due to the poor quality of the
products, high costs, late deliveries and high
prices.

b) The human capital manager believes that the

high turnover rates are caused by the low
wages, excessive working hours and excessive
controls imposed by Mr. Perez. c) The
accountant complains that he has too much
work, while the other managers are having a
great time.

DECISION MAKING

61
c) The accountant complains that he has too
much work, while the other managers are having
a great time.

d) All the managers are of the opinion that there

is a delay in decision making and a lack of
autonomy, since all decisions must be consulted
with Mr. Perez and Mr. Herrera.
e) Mr. Sandoval reports that in his absence the
workers and supervisors neglect production and
that there are losses of tools and that many
times the supervisors do not obey him, arguing
that Mr. Herrera gave them instructions to the
contrary.
f) Mr. Prieto believes that the company's
situation is due to the fact that the personnel is
crafty and lazy and that the managers do not
deal with the situations that concern them,
which causes him to have to deal with the
workers and administrative personnel to solve
the issues. Based on the above.

Develop in strict logical order each of the steps

for decision making. .
Carry out the following activities for the decision
making process of the proposed case study.
Make an organization chart
Define the problem.
Analyze the problem.
Evaluate the alternatives.
Choose among the alternatives.
Implement the decision

DECISION MAKING

62
SESSIONS 11, 12 AND 13

Instructions
Beginning
The teacher will ask the students, is a leader the same
as a boss? and will generate a group reading on the
skills of a leader.
Development
Students will present on a leader they admire and then
read about organizational leadership and the various
types that exist.
Closing
They will talk about the importance of organizational
leadership and perform the activity on leadership skills
in the group.

LEADERSHIP
What is leadership?
Many times we are told "be a leader" or "don't be
a boss, be a leader" but what does it mean to be a
leader?
The definition we find in
dictionaries tells us "it means to
be the person who shows the way,
with a series of inherent or
learned qualities: with his
knowledge, his way of relating to
others, his ability to make
decisions, to manage crises or to
support or understand the
members of a group".

DECISION MAKING

63
but what are the characteristics of a leader or
what are the qualities of a leader or how can I
become a leader?
Well, in these sessions we will dedicate ourselves
to understand how to be a leader and start being
one.

Ability to
set clear Reliable
D
EA E
and
congruent

R
L
goals

Humility
and
tolerance
Keep
learning

Social
Be a
skills
communicat
ive person

ACTIVITY
Individually find a story of a leader that
stands out to you and explain it to your
classmates sharing why you believe that
person was able to be a leader.

DECISION MAKING

64
ORGANIZATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT LEADERSHIP
When a person or a group of people can influence
the decision making and behavior of other people
or groups, we say that they exercise "leadership".
Leadership in organizational development, then, is
the capacity and ability to influence an entire
organization, with the purpose of leading it to
achieve concrete objectives and performance
improvement.
Leadership in
organizational
development is based
on a joint vision, the
pursuit of common
objectives, information
and knowledge.
There are two types:
Transformational
leadership Transactional leadership
Here the leader focuses on Here motivation is produced
inspiring the team to think through punishments and
about the common good and rewards. The leader, rather
not just their individual than a motivator, is a
interests. In this way, the supervisor who reviews and
team members have a group rewards and punishes
conscience for the accordingly. In this style,
achievement of objectives rewards and incentives
as well as an innovative motivate group members to
thinking that generates achieve objectives and
changes conducive to perform efficiently.
success.

DECISION MAKING

65
WHY IS LEADERSHIP
IMPORTANT IN
ORGANIZATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT?
Influences employee behavior, i.e., the leader
takes control and makes his or her group strive
to achieve the organization's objectives.
The leader addresses the expectations and
needs of employees are the basis of the
relationship between the leader and his group.
Leadership in organizational development allows
the group, influenced by the leader, to
implement changes in an agile and easy way.
This eliminates one of the most frequently
encountered obstacles: employee resistance to
change.
Seeks to understand the conflict and offer a
timely solution and minimize the likelihood of an
adverse outcome.
Identify training and education needs in your
group.
They know the needs of their group members and
how to meet them. Likewise, they know the tools
they need to feel comfortable and develop their
potential.

DECISION MAKING
66
ACTIVITY
Individually write down in a note the
attributes of your peers that you feel
are leaders and hand them in.
This will help us to know the objective
perspective of our group members about
our capabilities.

DECISION MAKING
67
SESSION 14
Instructions
Beginning
The teacher will ask the introductory question "What is
teamwork?"
Development
Students will read about the basics of teamwork and
the importance of teamwork in companies.
Closing
Finally, students will explain the situation of several
companies that are successful in teamwork and group
conclusions will be generated.

TEAMWORK
Working as a team means collaborating in a
coordinated, intelligent way, focused on shared
objectives. Each person puts himself at the service
of a reality that surpasses him: the good of the
team. The team leader is the key to organize
people correctly and keep them cohesive and
motivated.

What are the bases for teamwork?

Multidisciplinary training. We suggest you opt
for varied profiles so that you have different
and complementary skills.

DECISION MAKING
68
 Communication and listening skills. Your team
needs to interact in a climate of commitment
and trust.
Leadership. The team leader not only sets the
objective and direction, but also brings
cohesion, motivates and drives the team.
Incentivization.

WHY IS TEAMWORK IMPORTANT

IN A COMPANY?
Creating synergies
ndividual expertise has a greater impact when
added to others. A single talent, however
exceptional, does not have the same impact as
that of a solid team, with clear dynamics and
objectives and well-defined roles.

More flexible and participative structures

Companies that are committed to teamwork
methods are the perfect setting for values such as
solidarity, mutual collaboration and a sense of
belonging to the group and the company as a
whole.

DECISION MAKING
69
Empowerment and responsibility:
Being part of a group makes each member assume a
role within the team and be accountable to others
for the tasks assigned to them

Encourages the development of social skills:

Given the dynamics that occur within work teams,
their members develop social skills that in more
authoritarian and rigid environments would not be
able to emerge. Empathy, effective communication,
conflict resolution, etc.

Strengthens companies in the face of change:

Strong, united groups with clear goals are less
permeable to crisis contexts.

ACTIVITY
In teams choose an example from the
following and explain in a presentation
why these companies claim to have
effective "teamwork".
https://www.mediasource.mx/blog/traba
jo-en-equipo

DECISION MAKING
70
SESSION 15
Instructions
Beginning
The teacher will ask the question: what is motivation?
what motivates us? and will generate a cross dialogue.
Development
Students will generate a diagram on the types of
motivation and examples of each of them and the
teacher will briefly address them.
The teacher will talk about work motivation and
generate a discussion asking "is it important to
motivate workers?"
Closing Students will meet in teams and will read
about theories X and Y while the teacher tells them a
little about the origin of these theories. They will do
the activity where they will look for a solution to a
situation with the characteristics of theory X and they
will look for companies that use theory Y as part of
their philosophy.

MOTIVATION
What is motivation and why is it an important issue
in decision making?
We understand the definition of motivation as the
motive or reason that causes the performance or
omission of an action, it is a psychological
component that guides, maintains and determines
the behavior of a person.
Activity
Generate a diagram with the types
of motivation, give an example of
each one, present it and discuss it
in the group.
There is a type of motivation called
work motivation, which is related to
the work environment. It can be the
economic remuneration, vacation
days, social status and the
performance of the requested tasks.
71
DECISION MAKING
THEORIES X AND Y ABOUT
WORK MOTIVATION
Theory X is based on a traditional, strict and
rigid management style. The main belief of
this model is that people are merely a means
of production. Managers believe that workers
are driven only by economic motivations, shy
away from responsibility, need to be directed
and have poor working methods.

In this model, a leadership style is implemented in

which superiors create work schemes, design
objectives, instruct workers and control that tasks
are carried out as they wish. They also believe
that employees should be clear about who their
leader is and should respect and obey him or her.
The main characteristics of
Theory X are:
Human dislike of work as an
innate characteristic and
aversion to perform the tasks
that are requested.
Harsher measures, such as
punishments and threats, are
necessary in order to comply
with the organization's
requests.
The employee is fundamentally
self-centered and his personal
objectives are contrary to the
objectives of the organization.

DECISION MAKING
72
 Management is solely responsible for managing
the company's resources and its main goal is
economic achievement.
Employees prefer to be submissive and do not
want to take charge of making decisions or
having responsibilities. In addition to having no
ambition, they have no desire for job growth and
it is preferable for them to be managed, since
their only desire is to have security in the work
environment.

Activity
In teams do a research on theory X and how to
solve situations in which workers have these
characteristics.
And discuss it with the whole group.

Theory Y, on the other hand, obeys a more current

and increasingly used behavior. The belief of this
leadership style is that workers are self-
motivated, self-directed, self-motivated and self-
organized. Work comes naturally to them, so they
always show their most competent and creative
side. This style allows the worker to drive their
learning and develop personal and professional
growth.

In this case, leaders or superiors believe that, by

providing the right conditions and tools, their
employees will perform their duties correctly.
They also consider that the satisfaction of
performing a job well done is a motivating factor.

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The fundamentals of the
theory are:
In this type of
Physical or mental effort
environment,
in the work environment is
employees not only
considered something very
understand the
natural and can be
responsibilities, but
compared to a pleasurable
begin to seek them
game or a moment of rest.
out. They expect to
Control, punishment or
improve their
submission are not the
performance and
means used to encourage
excel in the company.
employee performance.
The facility to
Staff members demonstrate
create, imagine and
attitudes of self-control
think within the
and self-direction, so they
company is stimulated
are capable of meeting
by an environment in
the objectives to which
which it is possible
they are committed.
to exercise and
The degree of commitment
exploit all the
to the objectives and
employee's abilities.
goals achieved is
They have total
equivalent to the reward
freedom to think and
for performing certain
develop their ideas,
work. Consequently,
which only benefits
employees are motivated
the organization.
to exceed their goals
Activity
within the work
Research companies
environment, since they
that use Theory Y
know that they can as part of their
achieve more, depending philosophy and
on the type and quality of brainstorm about
the work performed. their success.

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74
SESSION 16

Instructions
Beginning
The teacher will review everything seen in the previous
three chapters and ask 3 students at random for
concepts.
Development
The students will form teams and prepare presentations
about companies and all are elements.
Closing
They will present all the teams and at the end they will
be given feedback and a co-evaluation.

CLOSING
In teams, generate a presentation where you
talk about a company.
Tell us about their organization chart, their
administrative process, how they make
decisions, how they work as a team, and lastly,
who and what their leaders are like.
This presentation should be 6 minutes long and
can have audiovisual support.

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