TYPICAL QUESTIONS & ANSWERS OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS QU1 The two windings of a transformer is (A) conductively linked. (B) inductively linked. (C) not linked at all. (D) electrically linked. Ans: B Q2 A salient pole synchronous motoris running at no loud. Its field current is switched off. The motor will (A) come to stop. (B) continue to ran at synchronous speed. (C) continue to run at a speed slightly more than the synchronous speed. (D) continue to rum ata speed slightly less than the synchronous speed. Ans: B Q3 The d.c. series motor should always be started with load because (A) at no load, it will rotate at dangerously high speed_ (B) it will fail to star, (C) it will not develop high starting torque. (D) all are true. Ans: A QA The frequency of the rotor current in a 3 phase $0 Hz, 4 pole induction motor at full load speed is about (A) SO He (B) 20H. (C) 2H. (D) Zero. Ans: CQ.5 Ina stepper motor the angular displacement (A) can be precisely controlled, (B) it cannot be readily interfaced with micro computer based controller. (C) the angular displacement cannot be precisely contrlled. (D) it cannot be wsed for positioning of work tables and tools in NC machines. Ans: A Q6- The power factor ofa squire! cage induction motor is (A) low at light load only. (B)_ low at heavy Ioad only. (C)_ low at light and heavy load both, (D)_low at rated load only. Ans: Av Q.7 The generation voltage is usually (A) between 11 KV and 33 KV. (B) between 132 KV and 400 KV. (C) between 400 KV and 700 KV. (D) None of the above. Ans: A Q8 When a synchronous motor is running at synchronous speed, the damper winding produces (A) damping torque. (B) eddy current torque. (C) torque aiding the developed torque. (D) notorue. Ans: D) Q9 If a transformer primary is energised from a square wave voltage source, its output voltage will be (A) A square wave. (B) A sine wave. (C) A triangular wave. (D) A pulse wave. Ans: AQUO Inad.. series motor the electromagnetic torque developed is proportional to (AD Ty Be. ot o 4 I Ans: B QU 12.23 ~phase induction motor running at sip ‘s” the mechanical power developed jin terms of airgap power Py is (ANG-I,. Be * Is): (Cy (t-s}P,. (D) s-P,. Ans: C QI2 Ina} - phase induction motor the maximum torque (A) is proportional to mtor resistance 1, {B) does not depend on ry. (C) isproportional to [ry . (D) is proportional to 17. Ans: B QU3 Inad.c. machine, the armature mmf is (A) stationary wrt armature. (B) rotating war. field. (C) stationary wart field, (D) rotating w.c.. brushes, Ans: C Q.14 Ina transformer the voltage regulation will be zero when il operates at (A) amity po (B) leading pf. (C) lagging pe. (D) zeropi. leading Ans: BQuUS Quis Qu7 Q.8 Qu Q20 The maximum power in cylindrical and salient pole machines is obtained respectively at load angles of (A) 90° 90° {B) <90°90°. (C) 90°,> 90" (D) 90°,<90" Ans: D The primary winding of a 220/6 \, $0 Hi transformer is energised from 110 V, 60 Hz supply. The secondary output voltage will be (A) 3.6 (B) 28V (C) 30¥. (D) 60V. Ans: C ‘The emf induced in the primary of a transformer (A) is in phase with the flux. (B) lags behind the flux by 90 degree, (C) leads the flux by 90 degree, (D) is in phase opposition to that of flux. Ans: C ‘The relative speed between the magnetic fields of stator and rotor under steady state operation is zero for a (A) de machine. (B) 3 phase induction machine. (C) synchronous machine, (D) single phase induction machine. Ans: all options are correct The current from the stator of an alternator is taken out to the external load circuit through (A) sip rings. {B) commutator segments. (C) solid connections. (D) carbon brushes. Ans: C A motor which can conveniently be operated at lagging as well as leading power factors is the (A) squirrel cage induction motor, (B) wound rotor induction motor, (C) synchronous motor. (D) DC shunt motor. Ans: CQ21 A hysteresis motor (A) is not a self-starting motor. (B) isa constant speed motor. (C) needs de excitation. (D) can not be tun in reverse speed Ans: B Q.22 The most suitable servomotor for low power applications is (A) ade series motor. (B) ade shunt motor. (C) an ac two-phase induction motor. (D) anacseries motor, Ans: B Q.23. The size of a conductor used in power cables depends on the (A) operating voltage. (B) power factor. (C) current to be carried. (D) type of insulation used, Ans: C Q24. Cut of the following methods of heating the one which is independent of supply frequency is (A) electric arc heating (B) induction heating (C) electric resistance heating (D) dielectric heating Ans: C Q.25 A two-winding single phase transformer has a voltage regulation of 4.5% at full-load and unity power-factor, At full-load and 0.80 power-actor lagging load the voltage ‘regulation will be (A) 43%, (B) less than 4.5%, (C) more than 4.5%. (D) 45% or more than 4.5% Ans: C ER=V, costs V, sind plzcsd=1 =P 2 EVA=KW & EVAR =O‘No reactive power component Percentage regulation (€R) = V_cos @ V, sin ‘When cos®=0.5 lagging ER = V, cos b+ V, sin D (08) +V, (0.6) GR= (0S), 40.6) V, at p£0.8 lagging and @R=V, at unity pf Q.26 Inde shunt motor the terminal voltage is halved while the torque is kept constant, Qu Qs ‘The resulting approximate variation in speed ‘a and armature current 'I,' will be (A) Both @ and 1, are doubled. (B) is constant and I, is doubled. (C) wis doubled while! is halved. — (D) @ is constant but 1, is halved. Ans: B NaV-LR orNak, Tah? Pal Tal? ‘A balanced three-phase, 50 Hz voltage is applied to a 3 phase, 4 pole, induction motor, When the motor is delivering rated output, the slip is found to be 0.05. The speed ofthe rotor mm relative tothe rotor structure is (A) 1500r.p.m, (B) 1425 rpm. (C) Brpm. (D) 5pm Ans: D Ng= 120f/P= 120x504 =1500pm. 5 (1-5) = 1500 (1-0.05) = 1425 relative speed = 1500 ~ 1425=75 rpm An altemator is delivering rated current at rated voltage and 0.8 power-factor lagging case. If it is required to deliver rated current at rated voltage and 0.8 power-factor eating, the required excitation will be 1A) less (B) more. {(C) more or less. (D) the same, Ans: B Over excitation gives leading power factor and under exciiation gives lazging pf.Q29 Acciling fan uses Q2 (A) split-phase motor. (B) capacitor start and capacitor run motor. (C) universal motor, (D) capacitor start motor, Ans: D To give starting torque and to maintain speed. A stepper motor is (A) ade motor (B) single-phase ac motor. (C) a:multi-phase-motor. (D) two phase motor. Ans: D ‘Stepper motor works on I-phase-ON or 2-phase -ON modes of operation ‘The ‘sheath’ is used in cable to 4A) provide strength to the cable. (B) provide proper insulation, (C) prevent the moisture from entering the cable, (D) avoid chances of rust on strands, Ans: A ‘The sheath in underground cable is provided to give mechanical strength, The drive motor used in a mixer-grinder is a (A) de motor, (B) induction motor, (C) synchronous motor, (D) universal motor, Ans: D ‘The universal motor is suitable for AC & DC both supply systemsQ.33 ALS step-up transformer has 120V across the primary and 600 ohms resistance across the secondary. Assuming 100% efficiency, the primary current equals (A) 0.2 Amp. (B) 5 Amps. (C) 10 Amps. (D) 20 Amps. Ans: A T= VR, = 120/600 = 0.2 (7) = 100%, losses are zero 2.V) = Ve =1)Ri) QM A dc shunt generator has a speed of 800 rpm when delivering 20 A to the load at the terminal voltage of 220V. If the same machine is nin as a motor it takes a line current of 20 from 220V supply. The speed of the machine as.a motor will be (A) 800pm. (B) more than 800 rpm. (C) less than 800 rpm. (D) both higher or lower than $00 rpm. Ans: C Ns E, (O0A/bpz) E,=V 41, R,: in generator Naz Es (604 / pz) B=V-1 Ra; in motor E, > E » for same terminal voltage Therefore, Ny>Non 35.50 Hz, 3-phase induction motor has a full load speed of 1440 rpm. The number of poles of the motor are (AD 4. (B) 6. (Ch 12. D8. Ans: A N=N, (1-8) =Ns-NsxS 1440 =, (1-8) N, = 140 (1-5) N, = (120 p)=120 x S0/p = 6000 p N, will be closer to Nie 1440 ‘When P=2 : N, = 3000 spm , not close to N ‘When P=4 ; N, = 1500 rpm, itis closer w N ‘Therefore P =4 for N=1440Q.36 ln. 3-phase synchronous motor QO» (A) the speed of stator MMF is always more than that of rotor MME. (B) the speed of stator MMF is always less than that of rotor MME. (C)_ the speed of stator MMF is synchronous speed while that of rotor MMF is zero. (D) rotor and stator MMF are stationary with respect to each other. Ans: D Because, Motor is magnetically locked into position with stator, the rotor poles are engaged with stator poles and both run synchronously in same direction Therefore, rotor & stator mmf are stationary w.r-t each other. In a capacitor start single-phase induction motor, the capacitor is connected (A) in series with main winding. (B) in series with auxiliary winding. (C)in series with both the windings. (D) in parallel with ausliary winding. Ans: B To make single phase motor self start, We split the phases at 90 degree. Hence, motor behaves like a two phase motor, A synchro has (A) a 3-phase winding on rotor and 2 single-phase winding on stator. (B) 9 3-phase winding on stator and a commutator winding on rotor. (C) a 3-phase winding on stator and a single-phase winding on rotor, (D) a single-phase winding on stator and a commutator winding on rotor, Ans: C Synchros : The basic synchro unit called a synchro transmitter. It's construction similar to that of a Three phase alternator, As the voltage of transmission increases, the volume of conductor {A) increases. {B) does not change (C) decreases, {D) increases proportionately. Ans: C Decreases due to skin effect.Qa Qal Qn Q43 The sine of the feeder is determined primarily by (A) the current itis required to carry. (B) the percent variation of voltage in the feeder, (C) the vokage across the feeder. (D) the distance of transmission. Ans: A Size of conductor depends upon amount of current flow, ‘The boundary of the protective zone is determined by the 4A) Location of CT (B) scasitivity of relay used (C) Location of PT (D) None of these Ans: B ‘The boundary of the protective zone is determined by the sensitivity of relay used. If the relay is more sensitive, the protective zone wll be increased. Ina three phase transformer, if the primary side is connected in star and secondary side is connected in delta, what is the angle difference between phase vollage in the two cases, (A) delta side lags by 20° (B) star side lags by 30°, (C) dela side leads by 30°, (D) star side leads by 10°, Ans: C This is: vector group and has +30" displacement. Therefore, delta side leads by +30°, To achieve low PT error, the burden value should be (A) low (B) high (C) medium (D) none of the above Ans: A In a Potential transformer, burden should be in permissible range to maintain erroriess measurement, Slip of the induction machine is 0.02 and the stator supply frequency is 50 Hz. What will be the frequency of the rotor induced emf? (A) 10H: (B) S0Hz. (Cy 1 Hz, (D) 2500 Hz.Qs Q.46 QF Ans: C Given : s = 0.02 ;f=50 He Therefore, frequency of rotor induced emf = f = 0.02 x 50 = 1.0 Hz A4 pole lap wound de shunt motor rotates at the speed of 1500 rpm, has a flux of 0.4 mWb and the total number of conductors are 1000. What is the value of emf? (A) 100 Volts. (B) 0.1 Volts. (C) 1 Volts. (D) 10 Vols, Ans: D Given N= 1500 pm, ®=04 mWb, Z= 1000, P=4,& A=4 Therefore, Ey = NOPZ/ 60 A = 1500 0.4.4 x 1000.x 10°/ 60x 4 = 60/6 = 10 volts The synchronous reactance of the synchronous machine is (A). Ratio between open circuit voltage and short circuit current at constant field current (B) Ratio between short circuit voltage and open circuit current at constant field current (C) Ratio between open circuit voltage and short circuit current at different field ‘current (D) Ratio between short circuit voltage and open circuit current at different field current Ans. A ‘The Synchronogs reactance of a synchronous machine isa total steady state reactance, presented to applied voltage, when rotor is ruaning synchronously without excitation. Therefore , Xs = Ey! Is = Emf of OC for same Iy/ short circuit current A3 stack stepper motor with 12 numbers of rotor teeth has a step angle of (Ay Le (B) 8° (Cy 24° (D) 10” Ans. D Given m=3, y= 12 Step angle = 360 / mx, = 360/3x 12 =OB Qe Q50 Qs Qa In case of a universal motor, torque pulsation is minimized by i (A) load inertia (B) rotor inertia (C) both rotor and toad inertia (D) none of the above Ans: C Ina universal motor, torque pulsation is minimized by rotor and load inertia. Cjl-filled cable has a working stress of kV/mm (AD 10 (By 12 (3 Dyis Ans: D This is defined by dielectric strength of mineral oil Le, 15 kVimm. Inverse definite minimum time lag relay is also called (A) pilot relay. (B) differential relay. (C) over curreat relay. (D) directional overcurrent relay. Ans: B Inverse definite minimum time lag relay characteristic is inverse but minimum tine is fixed. The operating time is inversely proportional to the magnitude of actuating quaniit. Specific heat of nickel -chrome:is (A) 0.112 (B) 0.106, (Cy 0.108, (D) 0.110. Ans: None of these Specific heat of Nickel-Chrome is 440 MgC to 450 Inkg*C ‘The polarity test is not necessary for the single-phase transformer shown in Fig. 1 soas to conectly determine ofthe transformer. (A) shunt branch parameters, (B) transformation ratio. (C) series parameters. (D) any of the above characteristicsQs Os Qs Ans: D Polarity test is required for parallel operation of transformers to know the direction of current flow in secondary circuit w.1.t primary circuit. The short-circuit ratio of a typical synchronous machine is obtained from the OCC and SCC curves of Fig.2 as oa Tse (short: ws | a aw oa os = oe . +P Fiid curet Ans: B Mgt As shown in SCC curve the ratio of two field currents The speed-torque characteristics of a DC series motor are approximately similar to those of the __ moter, (A) universal (B) synchronous (C) DC shunt (D) two-phase Ans: A Universal motor has same characteristics as DC series motor and also known as an ac seties motor. The rotor frequency for a 3 phase 1000 RPM 6 pole induction motor with a slip of 0.04 is, He (Ay 8 (Bt © 6 M2 Ans: D Given: N=1000 rpm ; P= 6; s= 0.04; and faskf =004%50 =20HzQ.56 O58 Q59 The torque-speed characteristics of an ac. operated universal motor has a Characteristic and it be started under no-load condition. (A) inverse, can (B) nearly inverse, can (C) inverse, cannot (Di nearly inverse, cannot Ans: C If torque is zero then speed may exceed up to infinite, that is dangerous for machine and machine can be damaged. NallT Inthe heating process of the type a simple method of temperature control is possible by means of a special alloy which loses its magnetic properties at a particular high temperature and regains them when cooled to a temperature below this value, (A) Indirect induction over (B) core type induction furnace (C) coreless induction furnace (D) high frequency eddy current Ams: De Magnetic property of alloy changes with change of the temperature and 4 Heat is produced due to eddy current =7R andie In order to reduce the harmful effects of harmonics on the A.C. side of a high voltage D.C. transmission system ____are provided. (A) synchronous condensers (B) shunt capacitors (C) shunt filters (D) static compensators Ams: C XeVwc An ac, techometer is just a with one phase excited from the camer frequency. (A) two-phase A.C, servomotor (B) two-phase induction motor (C) A.C. operated universal motor —_(D) hybrid stepper motor, Ans: D This is a special purpose machine whose stator coil can be energized by electronically switched current.Q.0 Q.61 Qe Qe ‘The torque, ina is proportional to the square of the armature current (A) DC shunt motor {B) stepper motor (C) 2-phase servomotor (D) DC series motor Ans: D Tye Ola and Oa fa ; therefore T,a ka” ‘The synchronous speed for a 3 phase 6-pole induction motor is 1200 rpm. If the number of poles is now reduced to 4 with the frequency remaining constant, the roior speed with a slip of 5% will be (A) 1690 spm (B) 1750 rpm (C) 1500 1pm (D) 1710 pm. Ans: D Given : Ny =1200 .P/=6, Py=4,s=0.08, Frequency f'=N,XP20 = 120X6/120 = 60 He rotor frequency f = s.f= 0.05 X60 =3.0H; Now, N= 120 X60/4 = 1800 and Ns-N=1201/P> ‘Therefore, N=N,- 120 £/ P= 1800-120 0.05 <60/4 = 1800-90 = 1710 ‘The eddy current loss in an a-c electric motor is 100 watts at 50 Hz. Its loss at 100 Hz will be (A) 25 watts (B) 59 watts (C) 100 watts (D) 400 wats Ans: D Eddy current losses a f° New loss a (2F7° New loss.a. 4° 2.4 times The maximum power for a piven excitation in a synchronous motor is developed when the power angle is equal to (a) 0° (B)45" (D) 90"Q.64 aus A commutator in a dc. machine (A) Reduces power loss in armature, (B) Reduces power loss in field circuit. (C) Convers the induced a.c armature voltage into direct voltage. (D) ts not necessary Ans: C As name suggests, it commutes a into de The speed of a d.c. shunt motor at no-load is (A) Sto 10% (B) 15 10 20% (C) 2510 30% (D) 350 40% higher than its speed at rated load. Ans: A T,a%],,,®=constant, Tal, Nak/® or Nay initially Es less. so speed is less. The efficiency of a transformer is mainly dependent on (A) core lasses, (B) copper lasses. {C) stray losses, (D) dislectric losses. Ans: A (Core loss has prominent value over other losses ‘When two transformers are operating in parallel, they will share the load as under: (A) proportional to their impedances. (B) inversely proportional to thet impedances. (Ch 90% - 30% (Dy 25%-75% Ams: A High rating transformer has higher impedance. KVA rating Impedance of transformer Ifthe voltage is reduced to half, the torque developed by an induction motor will be reduced to (a) 1 of original torque. (B) ; of original torque. © i of orginal tongue. o a of exginal ion: Ans: B T, @ Vor T, @ Pa(roter gross output)O08 Q70 Qi Qn A 3-phase, 400 votts, 50 Hz, 100 KW, 4 pole squirrel cage induction motor with a ‘ated slip of 2% will have a rotor speed of (A) 1500 rpm (B) 1470 1pm (Cy 1530epm (D) 1570 rpm Ans: B N=No (1-5) and Np=120f/p 203.5044 = 1300 mpm N= 1500 (1-40.02) =1470 rpm If the phase angle of the voltage coil of a directional relay is $0°, the maximum torque angle of the relay is (Ay 130° (B) 100° (0 (D) 25° Ans: C Torque a Power Power « Voltage ‘Therefore, [thas same angle as ‘V" has ‘The voltage at the two ends of a transmission fine are 132 KW and its reactance is -40/obm, The Capcity of the line is (A}435.6 MW (B) 217.8 MW (C) 251.5 MW (D) 500 MW Ans: A Line capacity is determined by power of Tine P=(V'R) or (V2) when cos ® =1 A 20440 V, 50 Hz, 5 KVA, single phase transformer operates on 220V, 40Hz supply with secondary winding open circuited. Then (A) Both eddy current and hysteresis losses decreases. (B) Both eddy current and hysteresis losses increases (C) Eddy current loss remains the sume but hysteresis loss increases (D) Eddy current loss increases but hysteresis loss remains the same. Ams: A Wo=knfBy! and We =kef Bs k Therefore, hysteresis and eddy current losses wil be decreased when frequency decreases,Q.73 A synchronous motor is operating on no-load at unity power factor. If the field current is increased, power factor will become (A) Leading & cument will decrease (By Lagging & curent will increase. (C) Lagging & curent will decrease. (D) Leading & current will increase, Ans: A Initially synchronous motor is operating at no load and unity power factor. When field current increases, the excitation will increase. Therefore, p.f will be leading and scusteat will be I Cos <1 ‘Q.74 Adc. shunt motor runs at no load speed of 1140 r.p.m. At full load, armature reaction weakens the main flux by 5% whereas the armature circuit voltage drops by 10%. The motor full load speed in-r.p.m. is (A) 1080 (B) 1203, «C1000 (Dy 1200 Ans: A Nal Ny =Bqo/Bby 8/0); 2 = 0.95); Eyy= O.9By o Np M40=0.9x 100.95 Nz = 1080 Q.75 The introduction of interpoles in between the main pole improves the performance of dc. machines, because (A) The interpole prnduces additional flux to augment the developed torque. (B) The flux waveform is improved with redvetion in harmonics, « ‘The inequality of air flux on the top and bottom halves of armature is removed. (D) Acountere.m-f. is induced in the coil undergoing commutation. Ans: D Counter e.m.f is produced, it neutralizes the reactive emf, Q.16 The rotor power output of a 3-phase induction motor is 15 KW and corresponding slip is 4%. The rotor copper loss will be (A) 600 W. (B) 625 W (Cy 650 D) 700WQT On on Q.80 Ans: B Rotor copper losses = rotor input- rotor output and output = (I-s) input > Input = oatpat(1-s) = 15000 1-104 = 15625 ++ boss = 15625 -1500 = 625 watt The direction of rotation of hysteresis motor is reversed by (A) Shift shaded pole with respect to main pole (B) Reversing supply lead (C) Either A or B (D) Neither A nor B Ans: A This motor used single phase, SOHz supply and stator has two windings. These are connected continuously from starting to running: A L8°step, 4-phase stepper motor has a total of 40 teeth on 8 pole of stator. The ‘number of rotor teeth for their rota will be tA) 40 (B) 30 (C) 100 (D) 80 Ans: B Stop angle ‘f" =Ns—N,/NsN, x 360" 4 LB8= 404 NSON, x 360" N, =50 Low bead plants generally use (A) Pelton Turbines (B) Francis Turbine (C) Pelton of Francis Turbine (D) Kaplan Turbines Ans: A In the hysterisis motor, the direction of rotation can be reversed by shifting the shaded pole region with respect to main pole. But not by changing supply lead because it has ae supply. ‘The charging reactance of 50 Km length of line is $0002. The charging reactance for 100K length of line wil be (A) 15000 (B) 30000 (Cy 7500 (0) 6000‘Q8I Q.83 Qa! QBS Ans: B ‘Characteristic reactance per km = 1500/50 = 30 ohms «. Characteristic reactance per 100km = 30 x 100= 3000 ohms Electric ovens using heating elements of ‘can produce temperature upto 300°C, (A) Nickel (B) Graphite (C) Chromium (D) roa Ans: C ‘Chromium has high melting point. In DC generators, armature reaction is produced actually by (A) Tes field current, (B) Armature conductors, (C) Field pole winding. (D) Load current in armature. Ans: D Because load current in armature gives rise to armature mmf which react with ‘main field mmf. ‘Two transformers operating in parallel will share the load depending upon their (A) Rating. (B) Leakage reactance, (C) Efficiency, (D) Per-unit impedance. Ans: AL ‘Transformers having higher kVA rating will share more load. As compared {o shunt and compound DC motors, the series DC motor will have the highest torque because of its comparatively atthe start. (A) Lower armature resistance. (B) Stronger series field. (C) Fewer series tums. (D) Larger armature current. Ans: D: Ta, (before saturation) orl Tal,’ A 400KkW, 3-phase, 440V, SOiliz induction ese ket ot 9 ce a load. The machine has 6 poles. The slip of the machine will be (A) 0.06 (B) 0.10 (Ch 0.04 (D) 005Qs7 Qss Qa Ans: D N=N (LS) 950= 120 1 50(1-S\/6 $=005 Reduction in the capacitance of a capacitor-start motor, results in reduced (A) Noise. (B) Speed, (C) Starting torque. (D) Armature reaction. Ans: C Reduction in the capacitance reduces starting voltage, which results in reduced starting tongue, Regenerative braking (A) Cambe used for stopping a motor. (B) Cannot be easily applied to DC series motors. (C}_ Cam be easily applied to DC shunt motors (D) Cannot be used when motor load has overhauling characteristics. Ans: B Because reversal of l, would also mean reversal of field and hence of Ey ‘At present level of technology, which of the following method of generating electric power from sea is most advantageous? (A) Tidal power. (B) Ocean thermal energy conversion (C) Ocean curents. (D) Wave power Ans: A Al preset level of technology, tidal power for generating electric power from sea is most advantageous because of constant availability of tidal power, If the field circuits of an unloaded salient pole synchronous motor gets suddenly open circuited, then (A) The motor stops. (B) 1 continues to run at the same speed. (C) Its runs at the slower speed. (D) trans ata very high speed. Ans: B ‘The motor continues to run at the same speed because synchronous motor speed docs not depend upon load, Nat f. a090 On Qt On Fleciric resistance seam welding uses electrodes. (A) Pointed (B) Disc, (© Fat (D) Domed Ans: B Dise type electrodes are used for electric resistance seam welding. For LV applications (below 1 kV), cables are used, (A) Paper insulated, (B) Plastic. (C) Single core cables. (D) Ol filled Ans: C For low voltage applications single core cables are suitable. No load current in a transformer, (A) lags the applied voltage by 90° (B) lags the applied voltage by somewhat less than 90° (©) leads the applied voltage by 90° (D) leads the applied voltage by somewhat less than 90° Ans: B ‘The primary input current under no load conditions has to supply (i) irom losses in the core ie hysteresis loss and eddy current loss (ii) a very small amount of Cu loss in the primary (there being no Cu loss in secondary as its open) A transformer operates most efficiently at 3/4th full load. Its inom (P)) and copper fogs (Poe)are related as: 1A) Fy [Poy =16'9 (B) Fy /Py =43 () PP =¥4 D) P/F, =9/16 Ans: D If Pry is the Cu loss at full load, its value at 75% of full load is Po.x (0.75)'=9V16 Pre Almaximum efficiency, it equals the iron loss P; which remains constant through ‘out. Hence max. efficiency at 2Qa Q35 Q.96 Qa Pi= 9/16 Pox Or Pr Pes= 9/16 ‘In a salient pole synchronous machine (usbal symbols are used}: (A) ny > ag 8) y= (©) y A 230 V de. shunt motor with constant field drives 3 load whose torque is proportional to the speed. When running at 750 cpm it takes 30.A. Find the speed al which it will run if'a 10 ohm resistance is connected in series with the armature. ‘The armature resistance may he neglected. (7) Ans: Fig. C2 shows adc shunt motor i oR 230 LUsing equation 6 of Question 2, the torque T=Kgl, Original variables are TAN, and E, Final variables are 7, 4%; and E,y Here @, = @, as flux is constant Since torque is proportional to speed Q) And B) . 25)-10x30 ely, OM, This gives 2, ==(230+80|=230 mt 300)a4 ‘The power inpat to a 500 V, 50 Hix, 6 pole 3 phase squire cage induction motor running at 975 rpm is 40 KW. The siator losses are | KW and the friction and windage losses are 2 KW. Calculate (i) Slip (ii) Rotor copper loss. (i) Mechanical power developed (x) Theeiciency, a ‘Ans: Synchronoas apts =120x 2-100 @.-0, _2aXIOM-26X975 _ 25 _ gays 2x10 1000 Slip= Power across air gap(Pg) = power input - stator copper loss: Thus Po=#0KW-IKW=39KW Rotor copper loss=sPq=0.025*39=0.975KW Gross mechanical output={1-s)Pq=39-0.975=38.025KW ‘Net mechanical output=Gross mechanical output-friction and winding loss = (38.025-2.000})KW =36.025KW Net Mech ouput _ 36,025 Power input 40 = 0G ‘Note: Assume that the core loss is included in friction and windage loss and the total Joss under this head is 2.0 kW Efficiency =Q5 A 120V, 60Hz, 14hp universal motor runs at 2000 rpm and takes 016A. when connected to.a 120V dc. source. Determine the speed, torque and power factor of the motor when it is connected to a 120V, 60 Hz, supply and is loaded to take 0.6 (rms} of current. The resistance and inductance measured at the terminals of the motor are 20 ohm and 0.25H respectively. a ‘Ans: Universal Motor: (A) When connected to a d.c. source it runs at 2000RPM and takes 0.64 (Fig Fl) 0.64 Mw) ov Q ‘DC Source B Fig FL E, =120-0.6X20= 120-12 =108¥ petty? “ 6A When connected an ae source [120 Volts, 60Hz supply] it takes 0,64 of current = Mel _ Ky ai 6 a Wa Reces=20.0 E Lec=l.25H Xeeto=2I XOOXO.2S Or, Xe H4.25 2 From the phasor diagram E_ +1R=WOy E,, =x [inf (o6n9825) Fel ils 30=-12+105.4=93.44 Vv Assume, same flux forthe same current (Le, 0.6A,. and 0.64 rms ) Fou tm EM Therefore Po 2000x2518 E,t1R 3841 vo OD P,=E,, 1, =9394x0.6=56.07 Power factor, cas@'= =0188 lag 1, =f = = =0:300V-m @, 2sX——_ ao Q.6 Fora 4 KVA, 200/400 V, 50 Hz, | - phase transformer, calculate the efficiency, voltage af the secondary terminals and primary input current when supplying a full ~ load secondary current at 0.8 lagging power fecto. ‘The following are the test results: Open circuit with 200 V applied to the L.V. side: 0.8 A, 70 W. Shost circuit with 20V applied to the H.V, side: 10 A, 60 W. (4) Ans: The transfomner i supplying fal-load secondary current a 0.8 lagging power factor Fell oad secondary curent = “84 - ~ =104 From the open circuit test, core losses = 70W From the S.C. test, full load copper losses = 60W {a) Efficiency Vil, cos8 } P hy =| _—__",08"" dy Vjle0s8+core lasses fll load copper losses a{00x08}, =| Godoxo8 +7030 |* {2}, oo -{ 3 io -ss8 (b) voltage at the secondary terminals i determined 2s follows with the help of equivalent circuit of Fig A3 Primary equi, resistance = 114 a'r :Na loads - [y=0.64A W,= 700W Iron loss current = 700/2400 =0.2916 A Now 2242442 Magnetizing component, = (I,2- 1,2}! = (062 - 0.29162)! = 0.5697 A h=a0A 4) =08 lag 205 = WylV h) = 700N(2400x0.64) = 0.455 ©, =005-10455 = 62.88" © =00s-l08 = 30.860 Now, tum ratio K =Vy/¥= 240 2400 =0.1 x”Tyla Kl =40x0.124.A Angle between Ig and Ip! = 62.88° — 36.86 = 60% Ty=0.64 £-62.88° Ty =4.2-36.96° I=L, + 1g! = 0.64 [cost 62.88) -j sin (62.88) | + 4] cost36.96) — jsin( 36.86) | = 4,583 1 =4.583.4 0s | =c0s 40.37 0.7618 lag QUIT A shunt generator has an induced emf of 254 V, When the generator is loaded, the terminal voltage is 240 V. Neglecting armature reaction, find the load current if the armature resistance is 0.04 obi and the field circuit resistance is 24 ohms. (10) Ams: R= MS E,=14V V=20V R= 0.040, Ry= 240 E=V4LR, E,=VeOlelR, Lye VIR = 24024 = LOA. Substituting the values in the above expression, 254 = 240 + (h, + 100.04 IL= HOA 0Q.12 The shaft output of a three-phase 60- Hz induction motor is 80 KW. The friction QB and windage losses are 920 W, the stator core loss. is 4300 W and the stator copper loss is 2690 W. The rotor current and rotor resistance referred to stator are respectively 10.A and 0.15 0. If the slip is 38%, what isthe percent efficiency? (12) Ans: Py, <0utput = 80 KW Windage and Friction losses = 920W Stator core loss = 4300 W Stator copper lass = 2690 Slip = 38% Gross mech output = Pyy + windage and friction losses =80KW+920W = S0.02KW rotor input / rotor gross output = 1/(1-s) rotor input = rotor gross output / (1s) = 80:92 KW i(1~0.038) = 84.11 KW we know that : Stator input = rotor input + stator core loss + stator cu loss = 84.11 KW +4300 W+ 2690 W = 91.1 KW % n= (rotor output / stator input) x 100 = (80/911) x 100 KW =B781% A.6 pole 3 phase induction motor develops 30 HP including mechanical losses totalling 2 H P, at a speed of 950 RPM on 550 volt, 50 Hz mains, If the power factor is 0.88 and core losses are negligible, calculate: (i) The slip \Gi) The rotor copper loss (i) The total input power if the stator losses are 2 Kw (iv) The line current, (6) 41Qu Ans: P=6, 30, output = 30 HP Mech, loss = 2 H.P- N= 950 rpm V=S50¥ f=50Hz cosg =0.88 slip, $= (N,— NWN, N= (20 £/ P= 120X506 = 1000 p.m. slip = (1000-950 100 =0.05 Rotor gross output = output + Mech. loss = 30 +2 =32 HP. Rotor cu loss/ Rotor gross output = Si(1-S) Rotor cu loss = 0.05x3240,95 = 1.684 H.P. = 1,684 x 0.746 = 1.323 KW Rotor input = Rotor gross outpul/(1-5) = 32 10.95 = 33.68 HP. ‘Total input = Rotor input + cu loss +-core loss (33.68K745,7 W) + 2000 W + 0= 27.115 KW Line current = Total inpat/ (1.732 x 550 x 0.83) = 31.4 ampere Hf the moter is fed from a 50 Hz 3 phase line, calculate: (i) number of poles (ii) slip at full load (iii) frequency of rotor voltage (iv) speed of rotor field wrt totor (¥) speed of rotor field wrt to stator 42(vi) (vii) speed of rotor field wrt stator field speed of rotor at a slip of 10 percent. (6) Ans; fi) ii) ii) (iv) () (vi) (vii), Ne 1200P P=120* SO/1000=6, S=(1000 - 950)/1000-=0.05; frequency of rotor voltage =Si=9.05xS0=2.5 Hz Speed of rotor field w.r1. rotor =(120Si\/P =120x2.S/6= 50 rpm Speed of rotor field wrt stator = 950450=1000 rpm: Speed of rotor field wrt stator field =1000-1000=0 rpm: Speed of rotor ata slip of 10% N, (1-S)=900 mpm; Q.IS Three single-phase, 50 kVA, 2300/ 230 V, 60 Hz transformers are connected to form a 3-phase, 4000V / 230-V transformer bank. The equivalent impedance of each transformer referred to: low-voltage is 0.012 + j 0.016 . The 3-phase transformer supplies a 3-phase, 120 kVA, 230 V, 0.85 power-facior (lagging) load, (i) (ii) (iti) Ans: @ Draw a schematic diagram showing the transformer connection. ‘Determine the winding currents of the transformer. Determine the primary voltage (line to ine) required. (x3) Given : single phase ; Py = SOKVA ; 2300/230V, 60Hz no, of transformers are 3 (three) to form a 3 transformer 4000/230V . Py = 120 kVA, 230V and cost =01.85 lagging Zn= (0.012 +} 0.016) 0 and En= Tele Schematic diagram to show transformer connection B0° Angular Displacement Gi) Calculation of winding currents of transformer: Py =¥3 Vik, cosh T=ly: Vpsv3Vp —— (starconnection) sl, =120 x cos@x 10° £13 Vy cos = 120x 10° 3x 230 = 3012amp . secondary line current = 30,12 amp. (iii) Primary current], =k1, = 23074000 x 30.12 = 1.732 amp. Primary line voltage = 4000 volts,(Q.16 A pair of synchronous machines, on the sume shafl, may be used to generate power at 60 Hz from the given source of power al 50 Hz. Determine the minimum number of poles that the individual machines could have for this type of operation and find the shaft-speed in r.p.m. (44) Ans: Motor & generator (synchronous machine) are coupled. Therefore, Neimy= Neg) Nm =120fa/Pn ; Negi = 1206) Py Where : No) = synchronous speed of motor Nag) = synchronous speed of generator f, = frequency of motor power f, =frequency of generator power P,, = moter poles P= generatot poles +: 120 fg (Pu = 1206 / Py 120% 50/P, = 120% 60/P, 1 PplPn = 65 Py: Pa =6:5 ‘Therefore minimum requirement of poles for motor P,= 10 (5x2) P,=12(6x2) Now synchronous speed or shaft speed = 1200 x 50 10-= 600 rpm Q.17 A 240V de shunt motor has an armature resistance of @.4 ohm and is running at the full-load speed of 600 rpm. with a full load current of 25A. The field current is ‘constant; also a resistance of | ohm is added in series with the armature. Find the speed (i) atthe Full-load torque and (i) at twice the full-load torque. (6) Ans: Ina DC shunt motor V=240V .=040 N; = 600rpm (full load speed) L, =25A and, Isp is constant R =1Q added in series with armature Be =¥-LR, 45Qu8 =M40-25x04 = 230 volts Fare V-L(RtR) Now Ny/N;=Eoi/ Eqs x) 1) (©) = ©) = constant) Ny=NXEj2/ Eq: af full load torque = 600% 201/ 230 =5H18 *, (i) speed of motor at full load = 535 rpm Now, Ns! Np = Eas / Bus Xb, (3, (@, = O= &; = constant) And By at twice the full load torque 2 doe 2h= S0amp, +. Bay = 240 -$0 (1 40.4) = 240-70 = 170 volts, Ny=NpX Eis/ Eq) = 600% 170 230 = 443.47 rpm (Gi) speed of motor at twice of load = 443 rpm A400V, 4pole, 50 Hz, 3-phase, 10 hp, star connected induction motor has a no load slip of 1% and full load slip of 4%. Find the following: (i) Syn. speed (ii) no-load speed (ii) full-load speed. iv) frequency of rotor current at full-load (v) full-load torque. (Sx2=10) Ans: Given: Vi =400 vols; P=4nos, 50Hz, Py= 10 HP= 7355 x 10 = 7355 watt i, Synchronous speed Ns = 120 f/ p = 120x 50/4 = 1500spm ii, Nolond speed at s = 0.01 No=Ng( 1s) = 1500, 1-0.01) = 1485p iti, Pull load speed at s; = 0.04 Na=Ns (I-se) = 1500( 1-0.04) = 140 rpmiv, Frequency of rotor current (fy) = 5 '= 0.04 x 50 =20Hz ¥. Full load torque at shaft Toy = 9.55 Po! Na, = 9.55x 7355 1440 = 48.78 Nm QU9 A 22 kVA, 440/220 V, 50 Hz, step-down transformer has the following parameters referred to the primary side : Rey =3ohms, Xe; =4ohms, Re, =25K ohms and Xiqj=2Kohms, The wansformer is operating at full-load with a power-factor of 0.707 lagging. Determine the voltage regulation of the transformer. (10) Ans: Given : Py=22 kVA , 440/220 V , 30 Hz Roy - 30, Noy = 40, R= 2.5K , X= Xo = Tk cost = 0.707 lagging Therefore sint> =0.707 Find Voltage regulation cost =0.707 ; therefore @ = 45° (Voltage drop) = I; (Roy cos + Xo, sine) andl; =Py V2 cos 2x 10° x 0.707 1220 x 0.707 = 1x10 h= 10a ‘Voltage drop = 10 (3 x 0.707 +4x:0.707) =10(4.950) =49,50 Volts ‘Therefore, Voltage regulation = ( voltage drop /V) x 100 = (49.50) 230) x 100 = 22.50% 7Q.20 A 9KVA, 208 V, 3.phase, Y-connected, synchronous generator has a winding Qu resistance of 0.1 ohm per phase and a synchronous reactance of 5.6 ohms per phase. Determine the voltage generated (exciting emf) by the machine when itis delivering full-load at 0.3 power-factor lagging at rated voltage. Calculate the voltage regulation for rated load at 0.8 power-factor (leading). (1) Ans: Pp=N3Vi k cos b= 9kVAS BL =La=Pol Y3V, cos ® VL=208V; 36; Y connected synch. Gen. Vi="3Ve; k=l; pl=08 Vpn = Vii 43 = 208/43 = 120V Ry=0.10 ph. , X= SQ Find E,=?, Regulation=? T= Pp/ BY), cos =(9 x 10° X08) (208 x 0.8.x 1,73)= 25 Amp. E,=1 (Vo cos +1 Ry) + (V sin +124)" = V (120K 0.8 + 25x 0.1)" + (1200.6 +25 x56) E,=¥ (96425) +(72+1407° 76 Volts ‘ regulation = (E, W/E, )x 100 ={ (233.76 -208)/233.76 } x 100 = 112% A 240-V, 20 WP, 850 rpm. shunt motor draws 72A when operating under rated conditions. The respective resistance of the armature and shunt field are 0.242 ohm and 95.2 ohms, respectively, Determine the percent reduction in the field flux required to obiain a speed of 1650 rp.m., while drawing an armature current of 504A. @) B= 20hp = 20x 735.5 wait = 14.71 kW Find Change in flux =? Ty =W/Ry =240 7952 =25 Amp Ni=850rpm; = 72 Amp. At raed load R=0242, Ry =95.20 Ny= 1650 1pm, Iy=50-4 Amp * By =V¥—-hi Ry = 240-6947 x 0.242 = 223.19 volt and Fig = V ~ Ta Ry = 240 - $0.4 x 0.242 = 227.80 wolt Ba, / Eg =Nj by NodTherefore, Py! 3 = (Ei / Bia) x (N2/Ni) 3.191 227.80) x (1650 / 850) = 36826.38/19363 Od: = 1.90/1 = 1910 Therefore, change in flux Ab = (cb, - >, b,x 100 = 919 x 100 = 47.37% ‘The power input to the rotor of a 3-phase, 50 Hz, 6 Pole induction motor is 80 kW. ‘The rotor emf makes 100 complete alterations per minute. Find (]) the slip (i) the motor speed and (ili) the mechanical power developed by the motor, (10) Ans: Given P, = BOKW; SOH? P= Rotor frequency f' =(10060) = 5/3 = 1.67 Hz S=f! /f=(5(3)/50=0,033 Mechanical Power developed by motor =(1-S) P; = (1-130) X80 KW = 77.33kW ‘The parameters af the equivalent cireuit of a 150-kVA,2400/240V transformer are: Ri=O.2obm, R2=2x 1? ohm , X1=0-45 ohm, X2= 4.5 x 10° ohm, Ri =10 kom, Xm= 1.6 kohm as seen from 2400 volts side. ‘Calculate: 4G) open circuit current, power and PF when LV side is excited at rated voltage.(8) (ii) The voltage at which the HV side should he excited to conduct a short-circuit test (LV side) with full-oad current flowing, What is the input power and its power factor? @) Ans: Given Rating=150kVA —». PL=ISOKVA. 20O240V 2. V2=2400V; Vi=240V X= 0450 X)=45x10°0 when LY side esl AHL se opi lg=?,P=?,cos,= Mal rsa son ent LVfi) (ii) XW? OMS aseXWe Open Circuit power = Vi Incas ®y = 20x bcostho ay b= Vide: Vi 240 volts; : Zq= MI +16) = 10.130 (iq= VR +X) [y= 240 10.13 = 23.69.x 10° Amp. Or 23.69 ma. Power factor cosy =R,/ Zn = 110.13 co ®) = 0.987 Now open circuit power (Wi) = 240 x ly x cos) = 240 x 23,00 x 10" x 0.987 Wa = 5.6 watt Ry =R,+Ro!K? (Ke = 02+ 2810/10 200020 Xor 1a aK 45 = 4.510100 =0.4500450 Za = (Ror + Xar) =04940 Full lead primary current (1,) = 15000072400 = 62.5 Amp (max.) Short circuit p.f. = Ry / Zo) = 0.20002 / 0.4924 = 0-406 Voc= [Zo = 62.5 x 0.4924 = 30.78 Volt +. power absorbed =I: Roy = (62.5) x 0.20002 = 781.33 Watt 50Input Power = Out pat power + power absorbed = 150000 + 781.33 = 150781.33 W = 150.781 kW Q.24 A 3300 Volts, delta connected motor has a synchronous reactance per phase (delta) of 18 obm, It operates at a leading power factor of 0.707 when drawing 300 kW from the mains. Calculate its excitation emf. 8) Ans: Given ¥;,=Vju = 3300V ; cost = 0.707 leading ; P.=800 kw = 3 Vil, cost veces oJ, = 800 x 107 19x3300 x 0.707 Typ =h N3= 114.30 Amp. Now, excitation e:m4 (Eq) will be : Ey =V (Vj, cos)" + (Via sin® + aXe? 21 (3300 x 0.707)? + (3300 x 0.707 114.3 x 18)" 49712 10° or 4971.22 Volts Q25 A 250 Volts de shunt motor has RF=150 ohm and Ra = 0.6 ohm. The motor ‘operates on no-load with a full field flux at its base speed of 1000 rpm with Ia = 5 Amps, IF the machine drives 2 load requiring a torque of 100 Nm, calculate armature current and speed of the motor, a) Ams: Given V=250V 50.02 R.=0.60 i, operate no load and full oad flux N= 1000 rpm & Lo =5 amp. 5i, On Load Ty = 100Nm, ly = atftature full load current Ey = Back emf at No load Fay = Back emf af full load N; = fill Joad speed Find Ly =: & No=? AUNo load 1, =5 amp. Ey = VLR, rt} = 250-3506 = 250-3 = 247 volts AE =No( OPZ/60A) 2) Eqs/'No = OPZIG0A = 247/1000= 0.247 Now Ej at full load Ex = No(OPZ/60A)=V-IyRy Bay = Npx 0.2475 250- Lyx 0.6 3) ‘Naw T, at no load Ta = = 9.55 Baha! No =959x M7 x5/1000= 11.79 Nm Ty shi Tal Ty = ho! be 1.751100 = Sig & by=S00/ 11,79 =42.41 amp ‘Therefore, armature current at full load =42.41 amp Put this value in equation (3) Ny) x0.247 = 250 -42.41 106 224,55/0.247 = 900.13 rpm «Full load spoed = 909 rpm Q.26 A 400Volks, 1450 rpm, 30 Hz, wound-rotor induction motor has the following circuit mode! parameters. RI=03 ohm R2=0.25 ohm X1=X20.6 ohm = Xm=35 ohm Rotational loss =1500 W. Calculate the starting torque and current when the motor is staned direct on full voltage, 6)Ans: V=400V; N= 1450rpm ;f=50Hz Ris032 Ry =0.250:Xi=ky Rotational losses =1500 W Find starting torque T, =? l=? 069; No=350 Xo=Xi+X: =0.6+0.6 ‘Zy=4 (Roi + Xor? VOSS" + 1.2 = 1320 S=Ry NRE HX, + Xy' | = 025N0F 4 O12" =025/V153=02021 cs No= NI(I-S)= H450/ (1-0.2) = 1812 pm Ty == Vpu/ VCR #Ry FX 4Xy PY = 40083 . (Vy = V3 Jet motor Y connected) YOS5y +(1.2F Orly = Via; =400N3 132 = 175.16.amp ‘Torque developed by rotor T=GLRVS ‘2aNs 160 OrT,= (3h Ry USS} Nm (N=(LS)Ns) 2N (60 = 3x (075,16) x 0.25 0.802 (2x3.14x 1450) 460 = 606.86 Nin Teyat = (3.13 Ry jI(1-S)/S }- rotational losses Nm ‘2aN 160 3(N=(1-S)Ns) = 606.86 - 1500/151.67 = 596.97 Nm Q.27 A universal motor (ac-operated) has a 2-pole armature with 960 conductors. At a certain load the motor speed is 5000 rpm and the armature current is 4.6 Amps, the anmature terminal voltage and inpat power are respectively 100 Volts and 300 Watts, ‘Compute the following, assuming an armature resistance of 3.5 ohm. (i) Effective armature reactance, (i) Maximum value of useful flux/pole, (3) Ans: P=2;Z=960; N= $000 1.=L=46 amp; V; =100 volts P, =300W find X, and dy =? Py =Vilcos + c08 =P, /Vih, = 300) 100x 4.6 = 0.652 Exe =¥-1LR, or (NOPZ! 60A) = 100-4.6x35 = 100-16.) = 83.9 volts Ra Xa Exc = Veoso -1.R, = 100 x 0.652- 46x 35=49.11 volts And V? (Ee + LR + ( XaF (4.6X, F = 100° - (65-27