NUCLEAR

POWER PLANT
A presentation of:
Bibangco, Elance
Chavez, Ivan
De Guia, Kenneth
Espares, Ricky Jr.
Frontuna, Khristian Alain

BSEE SEP - 4B
 PRESENTATION OUTLINE
01 History / Timeline by De Guia, Kenneth
02 Nuclear Chemistry 101 by Bibangco, Elance

03 Parts and Processes by Bibangco, Elance

04 Capacity (On-Grid & Off-Grid) by Chavez, Ivan

05 Top Ten Mainly Producer by Espares, Ricky Jr.
06 Types of Nuclear P.P. by Frontuna, Khristian Alain

07 Nuclear Energy & The Environment by Chavez, Ivan

08 Problem Solving (Sample Problems) by Bibangco, Elance
 NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
● Nuclear power plants are a type of power plant that use the process
of nuclear fission in order to generate electricity.
● It is like other thermal power plant in which heat is used to generate
steam that drives a steam turbine connected to a generator that
produces electricity.
● Nuclear power is a low-carbon source of energy, because unlike
coal, oil or natural gas power plants, nuclear power plants
practically do not produce CO2 during their operation.
01
03

HISTORY /
TIMELINE
NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
Recall Recite
QUESTION:
When and where is the first nuclear power plant that is
connected in a grid?
Recall Recite
QUESTION:
When and where is the first nuclear power plant that is
connected in a grid?

Ans: 1954, Russia

Recall Recite
QUESTION:
When and where is the first large-scale nuclear power plant
built??
Recall Recite
QUESTION:
When and where is the first large-scale nuclear power plant
built??

Ans: 1957, Pennsylvania

Recall Recite
QUESTION:
Who is the first person that builds nuclear reactor underneath
football stadium at the University of Chicago?
Recall Recite
QUESTION:
Who is the first person that builds nuclear reactor underneath
football stadium at the University of Chicago?

Ans: Enrico Fermi

Recall Recite
QUESTION:
Who coined the word “fission”?
Recall Recite
QUESTION:
Who coined the word “fission”?

Ans: Meitner and Frisch

Recall Recite
QUESTION:
What is the name of the world’s first nuclear reactor to generate
electricity?
Recall Recite
QUESTION:
What is the name of the world’s first nuclear reactor to generate
electricity?

Ans: EBR-1
 ALL ABOUT NUCLEAR REACTION

02
03

NUCLEAR
CHEMISTRY
101
Q A QUICK NUCLEAR CHEM 101
 235
NUCLEAR
U
FISSION

92
Kr Ba141
NUCLEAR FUSION
 NUCLEAR FISSION
● All nuclear power plants, nuclear fission are used instead of nuclear
fusion. (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2023)
● The most fuel used in nuclear reactors is uranium-235. (U.S. Dept. of
Energy, 2023)
● Many countries are participating in nuclear fusion research. (World
Nuclear Association, 2022)
 FISSION FUSION
Uncontrolled Atomic Hydrogen
Bomb Bomb
Controlled Nuclear Power ???
Plant Ongoing research
 NUCLEAR FISSION
● A NEUTRON collides with a URANIUM ATOM and becomes UNSTABLE.
 NUCLEAR FISSION
● It then SPLITS INTO TWO lighter elements, releasing energy in form of
heat and radiation, and MORE NEUTRONS are released and collides
with other Uranium atoms causing a NUCLEAR CHAIN REACTION.
NUCLEAR FISSION

(200 MeV for U235)

(210 MeV for Pu239)
03
03

PARTS &
PROCESSES
NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
CONTAINMENT STRUCTURE
● A building that houses the pressure vessel
and steam generator.
● It functions as shielding in normal operation
and prevents the leakage of radioactive
products to the exterior.
REACTOR VESSEL
● Steel vessel that houses the nuclear reactor.
● It is a thick vessel provide one of several
barriers that keep radioactive material out of
the environment.
PRESSURIZER
● It keeps the high pressure inside the reactor.
● When pressure increases, boiling point also
increases.
● Hence, if pressurizer is present in the
system, water inside the reactor does not
boil and does not turn into steam.
FUEL ROD
● The material where the fission reactions take
place.
● Usually made up of Uranium or Plutonium
elements.
● It is presented in solid state, in the form of
cylindrical pellets encapsulated into metallic rods
and these rods are in the form fuel assembly.
MODERATOR / COOLANT
● A fluid circulating in the reactor core which
slows down the neutrons released from fission,
but not to absorb them.
● It is usually made up of high - purity water.
● It functions also as primary coolant.
CONTROL ROD
● These are the reactor's control elements, acting
as neutron absorbents.
● They are made up of cadmium or boron, which
controls the neutron population and controls the
fission rate.
STEAM GENERATOR
● It is where the high-pressure, high
temperature coolant bringing heat from the
reactor is used to make steam for the
turbine.
TURBINE
● A device that receives
the steam from the
steam generators.
ELECTRIC GENERATOR
● Energy is transformed
into mechanical energy. ● Coupled from the steam turbine
through the shaft.
● Converts mechanical energy
into electrical energy.
CONDENSER
● It composed by set of
tubes where cooling
water circulates.
● It turns the steam
into liquid form.
PUMPS
● Used to transfer fluid
between two points.
COOLING TOWER
● Heat is removed from water by
sprinkling it to very tiny droplets,
allowing it to collide with air,
cooling it down and returning it to
condenser to be used again.
● It vents out some water vapor to
the atmosphere.
● Cooling water can get from nearby
lakes, rivers, or open waters.
PRIMARY
LOOP
SECONDARY
LOOP
TERTIARY
LOOP
Youtube Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=88EFH1pnXQ0&t=263s
Recall Recite
QUESTION:
What are the two types of nuclear reaction?
Recall Recite
QUESTION:
What are the two types of nuclear reaction?

Ans: Nuclear Fission & Nuclear Fusion

Recall Recite
QUESTION:
Write the chemical equation of a nuclear fission of Uranium235
Recall Recite
QUESTION:
Write the chemical equation of a nuclear fission of Uranium235

Ans:
Recall Recite
QUESTION:
It is a thick steel vessel that houses the nuclear reactor and
provide one of several barriers that keep radioactive material out
of the environment.
Recall Recite
QUESTION:
It is a thick steel vessel that houses the nuclear reactor and
provide one of several barriers that keep radioactive material out
of the environment.

Ans: Reactor Vessel / Pressure Vessel

Recall Recite
QUESTION:
It is presented in solid state, in the form of cylindrical pellets
encapsulated into metallic rods and these rods are in the form
fuel assembly.
Recall Recite
QUESTION:
It is presented in solid state, in the form of cylindrical pellets
encapsulated into metallic rods and these rods are in the form
fuel assembly.

Ans: Fuel Rods

Recall Recite
QUESTION:
It is a fluid circulating in the reactor core which slows down the
neutrons released from fission, but not to absorb them.
Recall Recite
QUESTION:
It is a fluid circulating in the reactor core which slows down the
neutrons released from fission, but not to absorb them.

Ans: Moderator or Coolant

Recall Recite
QUESTION:
It is the reactor's control element, acting as neutron absorbent.
It controls the neutron population and controls the fission rate.
Recall Recite
QUESTION:
It is the reactor's control element, acting as neutron absorbent.
It controls the neutron population and controls the fission rate.

Ans: Control Rods

 …

04
03

CAPACITY
ON-GRID &
OFF-GRID
Nuclear Power in the Philippines
Nuclear Power in the Philippines
The Promise of Bataan
Nuclear Power Plant

● First Nuclear Power

Plant in Southeast Asia
● Located at Morong,
Bataan, Philippines
● Capacity: 621 MWe
● COMPLETED, BUT
NEVER BEEN
OPERATIONAL
Nuclear Power in USA
There are 93 operating nuclear
reactors in USA as of 2023.
ELECTRICITY SECTOR IN JAPAN
Total generation (in 2020): 4392 TWh
Generation mix: natural gas 1680 TWh (38%); coal 856 TWh
(19%); nuclear 823 TWh (19%); wind 342 TWh (8%); hydro
308 TWh (7%); solar 119 TWh (3%); biofuels & waste 70.5
TWh (2%); oil 37.4 TWh; geothermal 18.8 TWh.
Import/export balance: 47.3 TWh net import (61.4 TWh
imports; 14.1 TWh exports)
Total consumption: 3778 TWh
Per capita consumption: c. 11,500 kWh in 2020
Recall Recite
QUESTION:
What is the operating capacity of operable reactor in the
Philippines in MWe?
Recall Recite
QUESTION:
What is the operating capacity of operable reactor in the
Philippines in MWe?

Ans: 0 MWe
Recall Recite
QUESTION:
What is the capacity of Bataan Nuclear Power Plant?
Recall Recite
QUESTION:
What is the capacity of Bataan Nuclear Power Plant?

Ans: 621 MWe

Recall Recite
QUESTION:
How many reactors are currently operating in USA?
Recall Recite
QUESTION:
How many reactors are currently operating in USA?

Ans: 93 reactors
Recall Recite
QUESTION:
What is the operable capacity of USA in terms of nuclear power?
Recall Recite
QUESTION:
What is the operable capacity of USA in terms of nuclear power?

Ans: 95,835 MWe

 TOP 10 COUNTRIES

05
03

TOP TEN
MAINLY
PRODUCING COUNTRIES
Across the world, 441 nuclear reactors generate approximately 10% of global
electricity.

TOP 10 COUNTRIES
Across the world, 441 nuclear reactors generate approximately 10% of global
electricity.

1. United States - 91.5GW of nuclear generation

● The United States has a total installed
nuclear capacity of 91.5GW, generated by 93
reactors across 30 states.
● Bailout of Ohio's nuclear power plants
TOP 10 COUNTRIES
2. France - 61.3GW of nuclear generation

● The country currently has 56 operational

reactors that collectively generated
338.7TWh in 2020.
● The Cruas Power Plant
 3. China - 50.8GW of nuclear generation
● A net installed capacity of 50.8GW makes
China the third biggest nuclear
energy-producing country in the world.
● Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant

4. Japan - 31.7GW of nuclear generation

● Japan has 33 nuclear reactors in

operation with a net installed capacity
of 31.7 GW.
● Sendai Nuclear Power Plant

5. Russia - 29.6GW of nuclear generation

● Russia has 38 operating reactors with a
combined net capacity of 29.6GW.
● Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant

6. South Korea - 24.5GW of nuclear generation

● South Korea has 24 nuclear reactors in
operation, with a combined 24.5GW capacity.
● Shin - Kori Nuclear Power Plant
7. Canada - 13.6GW of nuclear generation
● Canada has a total of 19 operational nuclear reactors
spread across four power plants, Collectively, these
give the country a net installed capacity of 13.6GW.
● Bruce Nuclear Power Plant

8. Ukraine - 13.1GW ofS nuclear generation

● Ukraine has 15 operable nuclear reactors with a
combined net installed capacity of 13.1GW.
● Zaporizhzhya Nuclear Power Plant

9. United Kingdom - 8.9GW of nuclear generation

● The UK has a combined net nuclear energy capacity
of 8.9GW with 13 operational nuclear reactors.
● Torness Nuclear Power Plant

10. Spain - 7.1GW of nuclear generation

● Nuclear currently generates approximately 22% of
Spain's electricity. The country has an installed
capacity of 7.1GW, generated by seven reactors.
● Confrentes Nuclear Power Plant
Recall Recite
QUESTION:
Which country has the most generated nuclear energy in 2021?
Recall Recite
QUESTION:
Which country has the most generated nuclear energy in 2021?

Ans: United States

Recall Recite
QUESTION:
How many nuclear reactors with a 31.7 GW net installed are
currently in service in Japan?
Recall Recite
QUESTION:
How many nuclear reactors with a 31.7 GW net installed are
currently in service in Japan?

Ans: 33
Recall Recite
QUESTION:
A country that has based a much larger share of its generation
on nuclear than any other country.
Recall Recite
QUESTION:
A country that has based a much larger share of its generation
on nuclear than any other country.

Ans: France
Recall Recite
QUESTION:
Country that's highly dependent on nuclear energy and receives
most of its nuclear fuel and services from Russia.
Recall Recite
QUESTION:
Country that's highly dependent on nuclear energy and receives
most of its nuclear fuel and services from Russia.

Ans: Ukraine
Recall Recite
QUESTION:
Nuclear currently generates approximately of Spain's
electricity.
Recall Recite
QUESTION:
Nuclear currently generates approximately of Spain's
electricity.

Ans: 22%
 …

06
03

TYPES OF
NUCLEAR
POWER PLANT
Pressurized-Water
Reactor (BWR)
Power Plant
● The reactor core heats
water and keeps under
high pressure to
prevent the water
from turning into
steam.
● This hot radioactive
water flows through
tubes in a steam
generator.
● Pressurizer is present.
 Boiling-Water
Reactor (BWR)
Power Plant
● The reactor core
heats water, which
turns directly into
steam in the reactor
vessel. The steam is
used to power a
turbine generator.
● Pressurizer is not
present.
 Small Modular Liquid Metal Fast
Reactor (SMR) Reactor (LMFR)
Power Plant Power Plant
● SMRs have simple, compact ● LMFRs use liquid metals to cool
designs that can be assembled the core. (e.g. sodium, lead)
in a factory and can be ● Liquid metal reactors can be
transported by train or truck to fuelled with uranium in metallic
the power plant site. form (current reactors mostly
● The size and simplicity of the use uranium in ceramic form)
SMRs could reduce the time it
takes to construct a new
nuclear power plant.
 High-Temperature
Molten Salt Reactor
Gas-Cooled Reactor
(MSR) Power Plant
(HTGR) Power Plant
● MSRs use salts as coolant, with ● HTGRs are cooled by gas (e.g. helium,
either solid fuel rods (similar to carbon dioxide) with the uranium fuel
current reactors) or with the fuel being either in the shape of fuel rods or
dissolved in the salt itself. fuel particles.
● MSRs can use a range of fuels, ● HTGRs operate at very high
such as uranium, plutonium, temperatures (>800°C) and are well
actinides from nuclear waste and suited for the generation of synthetic
thorium, depending on whether fuels and district and industrial heat.
they are operating as fast
reactors.
Recall Recite
QUESTION:
It is a type of nuclear power plant wherein the water inside the
reactor is heated and directly turning it into steam.
Recall Recite
QUESTION:
It is a type of nuclear power plant wherein the water inside the
reactor is heated and directly turning it into steam.

Ans: Boiling-Water Reactor (BWR)

Recall Recite
QUESTION:
It is a type of nuclear power plant wherein the reactor keeps
under high pressure so that water inside it does not boil and does
not turn into steam.
Recall Recite
QUESTION:
It is a type of nuclear power plant wherein the reactor keeps
under high pressure so that water inside it does not boil and does
not turn into steam.

Ans: Pressurized-Water Reactor (PWR)

Recall Recite
QUESTION:
It is a type of nuclear power plant wherein it use salts as coolant,
with either solid fuel rods (similar to current reactors) or with the fuel
dissolved in the salt itself.
Recall Recite
QUESTION:
It is a type of nuclear power plant wherein it use salts as coolant,
with either solid fuel rods (similar to current reactors) or with the fuel
dissolved in the salt itself.

Ans: Molten Salt Reactor (MSR)

Recall Recite
QUESTION:
It is a type of nuclear power plant wherein it use liquid metals to
cool the core. (e.g. sodium, lead)
Recall Recite
QUESTION:
It is a type of nuclear power plant wherein it use liquid metals to
cool the core. (e.g. sodium, lead)

Ans: Liquid Metal Fast Reactor (LMFR)

Recall Recite
QUESTION:
It is a type of nuclear power plant that has simple, compact design
that can be assembled in a factory and can be transported by train or
truck to the power plant site.
Recall Recite
QUESTION:
It is a type of nuclear power plant that has simple, compact design
that can be assembled in a factory and can be transported by train or
truck to the power plant site.

Ans: Small Modular Reactor (SMR)

Recall Recite
QUESTION:
It is a type of nuclear power plant that are cooled by gas (e.g. helium,
carbon dioxide) with the uranium fuel being either in the shape of fuel
rods or fuel particles.
Recall Recite
QUESTION:
It is a type of nuclear power plant that are cooled by gas (e.g. helium,
carbon dioxide) with the uranium fuel being either in the shape of fuel
rods or fuel particles.

Ans: High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR)

07
03

NUCLEAR
ENERGY &
THE
ENVIRONMENT
ADVANTAGES OF
NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
● Zero greenhouse gas emission
● Low operating cost
● Fuel efficient
● Create more jobs
● Offers cheap electricity
DISADVANTAGES OF
NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
● Nuclear waste problems
● Nuclear accident could emit radioactive
materials to the environment
● High maintenance cost
● Not a renewable fuel source
 08
SAMPLE
PROBLEMS
(Nuclear Power Plant Edition)
PROBLEM NO. 1
Calculate the amount of energy produced (in Joule
and in KW-hr) by the fission of 1 g of U235, given the
average fission reaction of U235 produces 200 MeV
of energy.

Ans: 8.197 x 1010 J

22,769.44 KW-hr
PROBLEM NO. 2

A nuclear reactor consumes 5 kg of Pu239 per day.

Calculate the produced power (in MW) if the average
energy released per Pu239 fission is 210 MeV.

Ans: 4,897.685 MW
PROBLEM NO. 3

A city is required a 300 MW of electrical power. If

this is to be supplied by a nuclear reactor of
efficiency 35%, using U235 as the nuclear fuel,
calculate the amount of fuel (in kg) required for one
day’s operation. Assume that energy released per
fission of U235 is 200 MeV.

Ans: 0.90342 kg
PROBLEM NO. 4

A city is required a 500 MW of electrical power. If

this is to be supplied by a nuclear reactor of
efficiency 80%, using Pu239 as the nuclear fuel,
calculate the amount of fuel (in pounds) required for
one year’s operation. Assume that energy released
per fission of Pu239 is 210 MeV.

Ans: 514.68 lb
TEST YOURSELF
1. Calculate the amount of energy produced (in KW-hr) by
the fission of 10 g of U235, given the average fission
reaction of U235 produces 200 MeV of energy.
Ans: 227,694.44 KW-hr
2. Calculate the amount of fuel (in kg) required per day to run
a city with a capacity of 30 MW and an efficiency of 80%.
Assume that energy released per fission of Pu239 is 210
MeV. Ans: 0.03828 kg
3. A city is required a 100 MW of electrical power. If this is to
be supplied by a nuclear reactor of efficiency 60%, using
Pu239 as the nuclear fuel, calculate the amount of fuel (in
kg) required for one week’s operation. Ans: 1.191 kg
 THAT’S ALL
THANK YOU!!!!
CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including
icons by Flaticon, infographics & images by Freepik