The hypothalamus regulates hunger, thirst, body temp, and sexual activity.

Regulates circadian
rhythms, stress, blood pressure, heart rate, pupil dilation. Is very important when responding to
stress. It is associated with depression, bipolar, and schizophrenia. Treatment with
antidepressants HPA reduces activity. Aggression, chronic stress, excessive sleep, weight gain
or loss.

The frontal lobe is part of the cerebral cortex. Contains the prefrontal cortex, orbito-frontal
cortex, motor, and premotor cortices. Involves attention, language and decision making. Also
involves problem solving, attention, intelligence, comprehension, and voluntary motor control.
Prefrontal lobotomy was used to sever the connection to the prefrontal cortex. When damaged
can cause paralysis, loss of social skills, mood changes, inability to express language, atypical
social skills and personality traits.

The amygdala is in charge of flight, freight, freeze, and fawn. It is responsible for processing
emotions and linking areas of the cortex that control lower metabolic responses. The parts of
the amygdala are: the medial group of subnuclei that deals with the olfactory bulb and cortex.
The basolateral group has extensive connections with the cerebral cortex. The central and
anterior group has connections with the brainstem, hypothalamus and sensory structures.
Associated functions: fear processing, emotion processing, learning, and reward processing.
Damage can cause people to not be able to recognize fear, aggression, irritability, loss of
control of emotion, disruption of short-term memory, deficits in recognizing emotion. Lack of
empathy from people with autism has been associated with the amygdala. Along with
depression and bipolar disorder.

Statistical infrequency - uncommon behaviors

Dysfunction - the failure of the brain to perform its naturally designed function. Regarded as
bad.
Personal discomfort - action you are doing causes you stress
Violation of social norms - deviance. They understand the right or wrong of norms but don’t
understand why they need to follow them.

Deviance - defying societal norms. Examples: Harming animals, hate for authority figures, arson
Distress - unpleasant for the person with the problem. Examples: intense anger, loud/disruptive
behavior, aggression/violence
Dysfunction - causes interference with daily life. Example: anxiety leads to not being able to do
daily things, inability to follow rules, not being able to take care of themselves.