EXPLORAÇÃO E PRODUÇÃO DE GEO-ENERGIA

PROJECT – PART A

HOW TO USE SEISMIC SECTION TO BUILT STRUCTURAL MAPS

BASED ON A 2D SEISMIC GRID

EPGE - 2022-2023
Mapa Base com Projeção das Linhas Sísmicas
Base Map with Seismic Lines
 Closing loops
• To get consistent maps of Horizons and Failure Plans from seismic data, we need to
connect each line in a process that we can call “Tie”.

• This is a classic process that is used as long as you have a grid of 2D seismic sections

• The relevant faults and/or horizons -

boundaries or sedimentary sequence
boundaries - are interpreted in a first section
(e.g. Line 1)
• The interpretation is transferred to another
line at an intersection (e.g. line 1 to Line B).
We progressively tie to the other lines and
close the first loop - tying loops process .
• In the basemap we are marking the
interpreted lines and the verified
intersections for progress control.
• And so on for the other "loops"
 Mapping Faults 1

Line Line Line Line Line Line

200 201 202 203 204 205
1. Mark the fault on Line 103 (see map)

2. The interruption of reflectors and the

slope variations show an important
fault plan

3. Mark Fault A in red Fault A

200 201 202 203 204 205

100

101

102

103

104
Line 103
105

106 Fault intersection at 2.0 seconds

Time slice at 2,0 sec.

 Mapping Faults 2

Next step
Line Line Line Line Line Line
200 201 202 203 204 205
1. Now see Line 102 (see map)

2. The interruption of reflectors in a

similar way to that seen in line 103
suggests that this is the same fault
A.
3. Mark Fault A in red
200 201 202 203 204 205
Fault A
100

101

102

103

104
Line 102
105

106 Fault intersection at 2.0 seconds

 Mapping Faults 3
Intersection of seismic sections 103 & 201
Next step

Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line
W 200 201 202 203 204 205 E S 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 N

Fault A

Line 103 Line 201

200 201 202 203 204 205

100
101
102
103
104
 Mapping Faults 4
Intersection of seismic sections 103 & 201
Next step

Line Line Line Line Line Line Line

1. Let's see how it's done! S 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 N

2. We have to transpose fault A to

line 201 (see map)

Line 201
200 201 202 203 204 205

100
101
102
103
104
 Mapping Faults
Intersection of seismic Sections 103 & 201
Next step

Line Line Line Line Line Line Line

W
Line
200
Line
201
Line
202
Line
203
Line
204
Line
205 E S 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 N

Fault A

Line 103 Line 201

200 201 202 203 204 205

100
101
102
103
104
 Mapping Faults
Intersection of seismic sections 103 & 201
Next step

Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line

W 200 201 S 105 104 103 102 101 100 N

Line 103 Line 201

200 201 202 203 204 205

100
101
102
103
104
 Mapping Faults
Intersection of seismic sections 103 & 201
Next step

Line Line Line Line Line Line

S 105 104 103 102 101 100 N

Line 201
200 201 202 203 204 205

100
101
102
103
104
 Mapping Faults
Intersection of Lines 102 & 201

Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line
W 200 201 202 203 204 E S 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 N

Fault A

Line 102 Line 201

200 201 202 203 204 205

100
101
102
103
104
 Mapping Faults
Mark the tie point on Line 201

Linha Linha
W 200 201 S
Linha
105
Linha
104
Linha
103
Linha
102
Linha
101
Linha
100 N

Line 102 Line 201

200 201 202 203 204 205

100
101
102
103
104 Fault intersection at 2.0 seconds
 Mapping Faults
Mark the tie point on Line 201

Linha Linha Linha Linha Linha Linha

S 105 104 103 102 101 100 N

Line 201
200 201 202 203 204 205

100
101
102
103
104 Fault intersection at 2.0 seconds
 Mapping Faults
Mark the tie point on Line 201

Line Line Line Line Line Line

S 105 104 103 102 101 100 N

Linha 201
200 201 202 203 204 205

100
101
102
103
104 Fault intersection at 2.0 seconds
 Control the Basemap

For Fault A
200 201 202 203 204 205
Interpreted in three (3)
lines 100

• Tied in two (2) 101

intersections 102

• 103

Continue mapping Failure

104
A and check its
consistency at other
intersections
 Tying Horizons
• Line 103 (see map)
• There is a change in the
inclination of reflectors,
indicating a nonconformity
• The reflections below non-
conformity rise to the right end
up against the unconformity Fault A
plan
• 200 201 202 203 204 205

100

101

102

103
Line 103
104
 Intersection of seismic sections 103 & 204

Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line
W 200 201 202 203 204 E S 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 N

Fault A
Fault A

Line 103 Line 204

200 201 202 203 204 205

100
101
102
103
104
 Intersection of seismic sections 103 & 204

Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line
W 200 201 202 203 204 S 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 N

Fault A
Fault A

Line 103 Line 204

200 201 202 203 204 205

100
101
102
103
104
 Intersection of seismic sections 103 & 204

Line Line Line Line Line Line Line

S 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 N

Fault A

Line 204
200 201 202 203 204 205

100
101
102
103
104
 Intersection of seismic sections 103 & 204

Line Line Line Line Line Line Line

S 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 N

Fault A

Line 204
200 201 202 203 204 205

100
101
102
103
104
 Interpretation of seismic section 204

Line Line Line Line Line Line Line

S 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 N

Fault A

Line 204
200 201 202 203 204 205

100
101
102
103
104
 Intersection of seismic sections 204 & 102

Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line
W 200 201 202 203 204 E S 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 N

Fault A
Fault A

Line 102 Line 204

200 201 202 203 204 205

100
101
102
103
104
 Intersection of seismic sections 204 & 102

Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line
W 200 201 202 203 204 S 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 N

Fault A Fault A

Line 102 Line 204

200 201 202 203 204 205

100
101
102
103
104
 Intersection of seismic sections 204 & 102

Line Line Line Line Line Line Line

S W106 Line Line
200105201 104
Line
202
Line
103
203
Line
102
204 101 100 N

Fault
FaultAA

Line 102 Line 204

200 201 202 203 204 205

100
101
102
103
104
 Interpretation of seismic section 102

Line Line Line Line Line

W 200 201 202 203 204 E

Fault A

Line 102
200 201 202 203 204 205

100
101
102
103
104
 Intersection of seismic Sections 102 & 201

Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line
W 200 201 202 203 204 E S 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 N

Fault A

Line 102 Line 201

200 201 202 203 204 205

100
101
102
103
104
 Intersection of seismic sections 102 & 201

Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line

W 200 201 E S 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 N

Line 102 Line 201

200 201 202 203 204 205

100
101
102
103
104
Intersection of seismic sections 102 & 201

Line Line Line Line Line Line Line

S 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 N

Line 201
200 201 202 203 204 205

100
101
102
103
104
Intersection of seismic sections 102 & 201

Line Line Line Line Line Line Line

S 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 N

Line 201
200 201 202 203 204 205

100
101
102
103
104
 Interpret seismic section 201
Line Line Line Line Line Line Line
S 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 N

Line 201
200 201 202 203 204 205

100
101
102
103
104
 Does the loop close ?
Does the Yellow Horizon tie where Line 201 intersects Line 103?
Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line
W 200 201 202 203 204 E S 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 N

Fault A

Line 103 Line 201

200 201 202 203 204 205

100
101
102
103
104
 Does the loop close ?
Does the Yellow Horizon tie where Line 201 intersects Line 103?
Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line
W 200 201 S 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 N

Line 103 Line 201

200 201 202 203 204 205

100
101
102
103
104
 Does the loop close ?
Does the Yellow Horizon tie where Line 201 intersects Line 103?
Line Line Line Line Line Line Line
S 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 N

Line 201
200 201 202 203 204 205

100
101
102
103
104
 Does the loop close ?
Does the Yellow Horizon tie where Line 201 intersects Line 103?
Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line
W 200 201 S 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 N

Line 103 Line 201

200 201 202 203 204 205

100
101
102
103
104
 EXPLORAÇÃO E PRODUÇÃO DE GEO-ENERGIA

PROJECT – PART A

HOW TO USE SEISMIC SECTION TO BUILT STRUCTURAL MAPS

BASED ON A 2D SEISMIC GRID

EPGE - 2022-2023