Heaters are devices used to generate and provide heat energy to spaces, liquids, or gases for various

purposes, including comfort, industrial processes, and heating systems. There are several types of
heaters, each designed for specific applications and utilizing different technologies. Here are some
common types of heaters:

1. Convection Heaters:

- Radiators: Radiators are heating devices that transfer thermal energy via convection and
radiation. They are commonly used in central heating systems in residential and commercial
buildings.

- Baseboard Heaters: Baseboard heaters are installed along the baseboards of walls and use
convection to warm the air in a room. They are often found in residential spaces as supplementary
heating.

- Panel Heaters: Panel heaters are thin, wall-mounted units that use convection to heat the air.
They are often used in spaces where floor space is limited.

2. Radiant Heaters:

- Infrared Heaters: Infrared heaters emit infrared radiation to heat objects and people directly,
rather than heating the surrounding air. They are commonly used in outdoor spaces, patios, and spot
heating applications.

-Radiant Floor Heating: This system involves heating the floor surface, which then radiates heat
upward to warm the room. It is often installed under tile, stone, or concrete floors for comfort
heating.

3. Forced Air Heaters:

- Furnaces: Furnaces are forced-air heating systems that use a fuel source (natural gas, oil, propane)
or electricity to heat air, which is then distributed throughout a building via ductwork.

- Unit Heaters: Unit heaters are standalone, forced-air heaters commonly used in garages,
warehouses, and industrial spaces for space heating.

4. Heat Pumps:

- Air Source Heat Pumps: Air source heat pumps transfer heat between the indoor and outdoor air
using refrigerant. They can provide both heating and cooling and are often used in residential and
commercial HVAC systems.

- Ground Source Heat Pumps (Geothermal Heat Pumps): These heat pumps transfer heat between
the indoor space and the ground via a series of underground pipes containing a heat-transfer fluid.
They are highly efficient but require installation of ground loops.

5. Electric Heaters:
 - Electric Resistance Heaters: Electric resistance heaters, including electric baseboard heaters,
electric space heaters, and electric furnaces, generate heat by passing an electric current through a
resistive element (e.g., heating coils or ceramic plates).

- Heat Trace Cables: Heat trace cables are used for freeze protection and temperature maintenance
of pipes, tanks, and equipment by wrapping them around the surface to provide heat.

6. Solar Heaters:

- Solar Water Heaters: Solar water heaters use solar collectors to absorb sunlight and heat water
for domestic use or space heating.

- Solar Air Heaters: Solar air heaters use solar collectors to absorb sunlight and warm air, which is
then circulated into a building for space heating.

7. Boilers:

- Steam Boilers: Steam boilers heat water to generate steam, which is then distributed through
pipes to radiators or steam coils for space heating or industrial processes.

- Hot Water Boilers: Hot water boilers heat water to provide hot water for domestic use or space
heating through radiators, baseboard heaters, or radiant floor heating systems.